Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Research Article

Color stability and solubility of Biodentine and NeoPutty in contact with different irrigation solutions: Sıla Nur Usta, Cangül Keskin; Restor Dent Endod 2024;49(3):e25. Published online June 19, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e25

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the color stability and solubility of Biodentine and NeoPutty in contact with different irrigation solutions.
Materials and Methods
Biodentine and NeoPutty were set in cylindrical molds with 7 mm diameter and 1.5 mm high and immersed in distilled water, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 9% 1-hydroxyethylidene 1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP), and 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions for 24 hours. The color change was measured with a spectrophotometer. The solubility values were calculated as the mass loss was expressed as a percentage of the original mass using an analytical balance with 10⁻⁴ g accuracy. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis followed by Mann-Whitney U tests, and 2-way analysis of variance test followed by Bonferroni corrections for pairwise comparisons for solubility and color stability with a 5% significance threshold, respectively.
Results
Biodentine exhibited higher color changes compared to the NeoPutty contact with all solutions except distilled water (p < 0.05). Both hydraulic cements (HCs) showed higher discoloration values immersion in CHX followed by NaOCl. No statistically significant difference was found between Biodentine and NeoPutty regardless of irrigation solution in terms of solubility (p > 0.05). Solubility values were lower in the distilled water group compared to EDTA and CHX (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Tested HCs showed solubility and color changes at various rates. NeoPutty could be an appropriate material in aesthetic areas. The usage of HEDP as an irrigant solution can be considered suitable for various endodontic treatments due to its relatively lower solubility and discoloration values.

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Review Article

Disinfectant effectiveness of chlorhexidine gel compared to sodium hypochlorite: a systematic review with meta-analysis: Theodoro Weissheimer, Karem Paula Pinto, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da Silva, Lina Naomi Hashizume, Ricardo Abreu da Rosa, Marcus Vinicius Reis Só; Restor Dent Endod 2023;48(4):e37. Published online October 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e37

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

This study aimed to compare the disinfectant ability of chlorhexidine (CHX) gel and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Systematic searches were conducted from inception until December 8th, 2022 (MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Grey Literature databases). Only randomized clinical trials were included. The revised Cochrane risk of bias tools for randomized trials were used to assess the quality of studies. Meta-analyses were performed. The overall quality of evidence was assessed through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool. Six studies were included. Five had a low risk of bias and 1 had some concerns. Three studies assessed bacterial reduction. Two were included in the meta-analysis for bacterial reduction (mean difference, 75.03 [confidence interval, CI, −271.15, 421.22], p = 0.67; I² = 74%); and 3 in the meta-analysis for cultivable bacteria after chemomechanical preparation (odds ratio, 1.03 [CI, 0.20, 5.31], P = 0.98; I² = 49%). Five studies assessed endotoxin reduction. Three were included in a meta-analysis (mean difference, 20.59 [CI, −36.41, 77.59], p = 0.48; I² = 74%). There seems to be no difference in the disinfectant ability of CHX gel and NaOCl, but further research is necessary.

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Preparing porcine lens to mimic human lens capsule
Yajing Pei, Shaofeng Han, Mingfeng Lu, Yang Yang, Ke Ma
Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery.2024; 50(9): 963. CrossRef
Comparative Evaluation of Disinfection Protocols for Dental Impressions in Prosthodontics
Subhash Sonkesriya, Ghanshyam Gaur, Akanksha Maheshwari, Arun Kumar Ashahiya, Simran Kaur Aulakh, Amit Kumar, Bhumika Kamal Badiyani
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Research Articles

Dentinal tubule penetration of sodium hypochlorite in root canals with and without mechanical preparation and different irrigant activation methods: Renata Aqel de Oliveira, Theodoro Weissheimer, Gabriel Barcelos Só, Ricardo Abreu da Rosa, Matheus Albino Souza, Rodrigo Gonçalves Ribeiro, Marcus Vinicius Reis Só; Restor Dent Endod 2023;48(1):e1. Published online December 1, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e1

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Objectives

This study evaluated the dentinal penetration depth of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in root canals with and without preparation and different irrigant activation protocols.

Materials and Methods

Sixty-three bovine mandibular incisors were randomly allocated to 6 groups (n = 10): G1, preparation + conventional needle irrigation (CNI); G2, preparation + passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); G3, preparation + Odous Clean (OC); G4, no preparation + CNI; G5, no preparation + PUI; G6, no preparation + OC; and CG (negative control; n = 3). Samples were filled with crystal violet for 72 hours. Irrigant activation was performed. Samples were sectioned perpendicularly along the long axis, 3 mm and 7 mm from the apex. Images of the root thirds of each block were captured with a stereomicroscope and analyzed with an image analysis software. One-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey post hoc test, and the Student’s t-test were used for data analysis, with a significance level of 5%.

Results

The NaOCl penetration depth was similar when preparation was performed, regardless of the method of irrigation activation (p > 0.05). In the groups without preparation, G6 showed greater NaOCl penetration depth (p < 0.05). The groups without preparation had a greater NaOCl penetration depth than those with preparation (p = 0.0019).

Conclusions

The NaOCl penetration depth was similar in groups with root canal preparation. Without root canal preparation, OC allowed deeper NaOCl penetration. The groups without preparation had greater NaOCl penetration than those undergoing root canal preparation.

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Impact of different activation procedures on sodium hypochlorite penetration into dentinal tubules after endodontic retreatment via confocal laser scanning microscopy
Betul Gunes, Kübra Yeşildal Yeter, Yasin Altay
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Debridement ability of the WaveOne Gold and TruNatomy systems in the apical third of root canals: ex vivo assessment
Sara Carvalho Avelar de Oliveira, Carlos Eduardo da Silveira Bueno, Rina Andréa Pelegrine, Carlos Eduardo Fontana, Alexandre Sigrist de Martin, Carolina Pessoa Stringheta
Brazilian Dental Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Combined effect of electrical energy and graphene oxide on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms
Myung-Jin LEE, Mi-Ah KIM, Kyung-San MIN
Dental Materials Journal.2023; 42(6): 844. CrossRef

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The influence of sodium hypochlorite concentration on the fibrin structure of human blood clots and transforming growth factor-beta 1 release: an ex vivo study: Anisha Mishra, Velmurugan Natanasabapathy, Nandini Suresh; Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(4):e42. Published online October 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e42

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Objective
This study investigated the effects of various concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on human whole-blood clotting kinetics, the structure of the blood clots formed, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 release.
Materials and Methods
Human whole blood was collected from 5 healthy volunteers and divided into 4 groups: CG (control, 0.5 mL of blood), BN_0.5 (0.5 mL of blood with 0.5 mL of 0.5% NaOCl), BN₃ (0.5 mL of blood with 0.5 mL of 3% NaOCl), and BN_5.25 (0.5 mL of blood with 0.5 mL of 5.25% NaOCl). The effects of NaOCl on clotting kinetics, structure of fibrin and cells, and release of TGF-β1 were assessed using thromboelastography (TEG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and enzyme-linked immunosobent assay, respectively. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, followed by the post hoc Dunn test. A p value < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.
Results
The blood samples in BN_0.5 and BN₃ did not clot, whereas the TEG of BN_5.25 showed altered clot formation. Samples from the CG and BN₃ groups could only be processed with SEM, which showed that the latter lacked fibrin formation and branching of fibers, as well as clumping of red blood cells with surface roughening and distortion. TGF-β1 release was significantly highest in BN₃ when all groups were compared to CG (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Each concentration of NaOCl affected the release of TGF-β1 from blood clots and altered the clotting mechanism of blood by affecting clotting kinetics and cell structure.

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Resin infiltrant protects deproteinized dentin against erosive and abrasive wear: Ana Theresa Queiroz de Albuquerque, Bruna Oliveira Bezerra, Isabelly de Carvalho Leal, Maria Denise Rodrigues de Moraes, Mary Anne S. Melo, Vanara Florêncio Passos; Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(3):e29. Published online July 1, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e29

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the anti-erosive/abrasive effect of resin infiltration of previous deproteinized dentin.

Materials and Methods

Dentin slabs were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 15): Control (no deproteinization; no resin infiltrant applied), RI (no deproteinization; resin infiltrant applied), and DRI (deproteinization; resin infiltrant applied). After undergoing the assigned treatment, all slabs were subjected to an in vitro cycling model for 5 days. The specimens were immersed in citric acid (0.05 M, pH = 3.75; 60 seconds; 3 times/day) and brushed (150 strokes). Between the challenges, the specimens were exposed to a remineralizing solution (60 minutes). The morphological alterations were analyzed by mechanical profilometry (µm) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were submitted to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests (p < 0.05).

Results

Control and RI groups presented mineral wear and did not significantly differ from each other (p = 0.063). DRI maintained a protective layer preserving the dentin (p < 0.001). After erosive/abrasive cycles, it was observed that in group RI, only 25% of the slabs partially evidenced the presence of the infiltrating, while, in the DRI group, 80% of the slabs presented the treated surface entirely covered by a resin-component layer protecting the dentin surface as observed in SEM images.

Conclusions

The removal of the organic content allows the resin infiltrant to efficiently protect the dentin surface against erosive/abrasive lesions.

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Acidic/abrasive challenges on simulated non-carious cervical lesions development and morphology
Giovanna C. Denucci, Ian Towle, Cecilia P. Turssi, George J. Eckert, Anderson T. Hara
Archives of Oral Biology.2025; 169: 106120. CrossRef
Physio‐Mechanic and Microscopic Analyses of Bioactive Glass‐Based Resin Infiltrants
Syed Zubairuddin Ahmed, Abdul Samad Khan, Wejdan Waleed Nasser, Methayel Abdulrahman Alrushaid, Zahrah Mohammed Alfaraj, Moayad Mohammed Aljeshi, Asma Tufail Shah, Budi Aslinie Md Sabri, Sultan Akhtar, Mohamed Ibrahim Abu Hassan
Microscopy Research and Technique.2025; 88(2): 595. CrossRef

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Review Article

Clinical efficacy of activated irrigation in endodontics: a focused review: Amelia Wan Tin Cheung, Angeline Hui Cheng Lee, Gary Shun Pan Cheung; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(1):e10. Published online January 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e10

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Root canal debridement, which includes the removal of infected tissues and microbial biofilms, is considered the corner stone of root canal treatment. Chemical adjuncts play a multitude of functions in this regard, as tissue solvents, antimicrobial agents and for removing the smear layer. These adjuncts (irrigants) are usually delivered using a syringe and needle. With increasing knowledge of the complexity of root canal anatomy and tenacity of microbial biofilms, the need for strategies that potentiate the action of these irrigants within the root canal system cannot be overemphasized. Several such activated irrigation strategies exist. The aim of this review is to comprehensively discuss the different irrigant activation methods from the context of clinical studies.

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REVOLUCIONANDO LA ENDODONCIA: LA IMPORTANCIA DE IRRIGANTES MÚLTIPLES PARA UNA DESINFECCIÓN EFECTIVA DEL SISTEMA DE CONDUCTOS RADICULARES UNA REVISIÓN NARRATIVA
Irving Pablo Fernandez Calle, Edwin Macias Limachi , Abigail Marisol Vargas Ticona , Jenny Paula Aguilar Avalos , Marivel Irene Condori Escobar, Alcides Ramber Maldonado Huaycho , Jenny Claudia Apaza Cayo , Miguel Angel Espinoza Vega , Jesús Alejan
RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218.2024; 5(11): e5115929. CrossRef
Cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system provided by four active supplementary irrigation methods
Alessandra Timponi Goes Cruz, Adriane Antoniw Klemz, Edvaldo Antônio Ribeiro Rosa, Fabiana Soares Grecca, Bianca Mattos, Lucila Piasecki, Ricardo Machado, Sérgio Aparecido Ignácio, Ulisses Xavier da Silva Neto
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Postendodontic Pain Using Single File System with Different Irrigation Protocols in Single-visit Root Canal Treatment: A Randomized Control Trial
Kiran Patel, Kailash Attur, Nishtha Patel, Kamal M Bagda, Karthik P Venkataraghavan, Mohammed B Mustafa, Shylaja K Attur
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2024; 25(2): 180. CrossRef
Bacteria debridement efficacy of two sonic root canal irrigant activation systems
Chang Zeng, Pei Hu, Colin P. Egan, Brian E. Bergeron, Franklin Tay, Jingzhi Ma
Journal of Dentistry.2024; 140: 104770. CrossRef
Evaluation of different activated irrigation protocols on debridement quality in various access cavity designs
Urvashi M. Ujariya, Mitul Lallubhai Gangani, Rajendra P. Bharatiya, Anjali K. Kothari
Endodontology.2024; 36(4): 400. CrossRef
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Cristiane DUQUE, Amanda Caselato Andolfatto SOUZA, Kelly Limi AIDA, Jesse Augusto PEREIRA, Karina Sampaio CAIAFFA, Vanessa Rodrigues dos SANTOS, Leopoldo COSME-SILVA, Anuradha PRAKKI
Journal of Applied Oral Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Insights of fluid dynamics in an optimally shaped root canal system
Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja, Sindhu Ramesh, Krishnamachari Janani
Saudi Endodontic Journal.2023; 13(2): 216. CrossRef
Diamond–coated ultrasonic tip decreases debris and uninstrumented surface after preparation of curved canals with isthmus
Maria Luiza GIOSTER–RAMOS, Mariana Mena Barreto PIVOTO–JOÃO, Jáder Camilo PINTO, Juliane Maria GUERREIRO–TANOMARU, Mário TANOMARU–FILHO
Brazilian Oral Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effectiveness of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation Protocols in Simulated Complex Root Canal Cavities
Flávia A. Plazza, Renan Dal-Fabbro, Leopoldo Cosme-Silva, Paulo C. T. Duarte, Caroline Loureiro, Vitória Z. Custódio, Luciano T. A. Cintra, Marco A. H. Duarte, João Eduardo Gomes-Filho
Oral.2022; 3(1): 1. CrossRef
Comparison of sealer penetration of sonic activation versus conventional needle irrigation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Li Tan, Qiong Liu, Yun Chen, Ya-Qiong Zhao, Jie Zhao, Marie Aimee Dusenge, Yao Feng, Qin Ye, Jing Hu, Ze-Yue Ou-Yang, Ying-Hui Zhou, Yue Guo, Yun-Zhi Feng
BMC Oral Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of Photoinduced Photoacoustic Streaming and Diode Laser Irrigation Techniques on Smear Layer Removal, Sealer Penetration and Push-out Bond Strength
Latifa Mohamed Abdelgawad, Nancy Attia Ahmed ElShafei, Somaia Abdlatif Eissa, Dalia Yahia Ibrahim
Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences.2022; 13(1): e12. CrossRef
Microbiological Aspects of Root Canal Infections and Disinfection Strategies: An Update Review on the Current Knowledge and Challenges
Jasmine Wong, Daniel Manoil, Peggy Näsman, Georgios N. Belibasakis, Prasanna Neelakantan
Frontiers in Oral Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
In vitro evaluation of efficacy of two endodontic sonic-powered irrigant agitation systems in killing single-species intracanal biofilms
Chang Zeng, Joseph Everett, Stephanie Sidow, Brian E. Bergeron, Fucong Tian, Jingzhi Ma, Franklin R. Tay
Journal of Dentistry.2021; 115: 103859. CrossRef
A novel three‐dimensionally printed model to assess biofilm removal by ultrasonically activated irrigation
Min‐Ji Choi, Mi‐Ah Kim, Yoorina Choi, Prasanna Neelakantan, Mi‐Kyung Yu, Kyung‐San Min
International Endodontic Journal.2021; 54(10): 1871. CrossRef

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Research Articles

Physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and penetration into dentinal tubules of sodium hypochlorite with and without surfactants: Hernán Coaguila-Llerena, Isadora Barbieri, Mário Tanomaru-Filho, Renato de Toledo Leonardo, Ana Paula Ramos, Gisele Faria; Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(4):e47. Published online September 10, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e47

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and penetration into dentinal tubules of ChlorCid™ Surf (3% sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl] with surfactant) in comparison to ChlorCid™ (3% NaOCl without surfactant).

Materials and Methods

The physicochemical properties evaluated were pH, surface tension, free available chlorine (FAC) and contact angle. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in L929 fibroblasts exposed to the solutions by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and neutral red assays. Assessment of penetration into dentinal tubules was performed by staining single-rooted permanent human teeth with crystal violet (n = 9), which were irrigated with the solutions and analyzed in cervical, middle and apical segments. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-test, 2-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post-test or t-test (α = 0.05).

Results

ChlorCid™ Surf and ChlorCid™ FAC values were close to those indicated by the manufacturer. ChlorCid™ Surf showed lower surface tension and contact angle on dentin, and higher pH than ChlorCid™ (p < 0.05). The penetration of ChlorCid™ Surf was higher in cervical and middle segments, compared with ChlorCid™ (p < 0.05). There was no difference in irrigant cytotoxicity (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

ChlorCid™ Surf showed lower surface tension, lower contact angle on root canal dentin, higher penetration into dentinal tubules and more alkaline pH, compared with ChlorCid™. However, both solutions showed similar cytotoxicity and FAC content.

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Research methods assessing sodium hypochlorite cytotoxicity: A scoping review
Hernán Coaguila-Llerena, Luana Raphael da Silva, Gisele Faria
Heliyon.2024; 10(1): e23060. CrossRef
Amelioration in the sodium hypochlorite as root canal irrigant – A review
Preety Sehrawat
International Dental Journal of Student's Research.2024; 12(2): 65. CrossRef
Sonic-assisted antibacterial photodynamic therapy: a strategy for enhancing lateral canal disinfection
Yanhuang Wang, Lishan Lei, Jing Huang, Zhiyu Cai, Xiaojing Huang
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A Comparative Evaluation of Contact Angle and Depth of Penetration of Sodium Hypochlorite With Various Surfactants: An In Vitro Study
Shubhashini N, Krithika D, Akhilesh Gowda , Shruthi Nagaraja , Rhea S Mathew, Nivaskumar G A, Vinaychandra R
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and hypochlorous acid on dentinal surfaces infected with Enterococcus faecalis
Aysenur Oncu, Berkan Celikten, Betül Aydın, Gulin Amasya, Erkan Tuncay, Gamze Guney Eskiler, Leyla Açık, Fatma Semra Sevimay
Microscopy Research and Technique.2024; 87(9): 2094. CrossRef
Advances in the Role of Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigant in Chemical Preparation of Root Canal Treatment
Chen Cai, Xuan Chen, Yang Li, Qianzhou Jiang, Yeliz Guven
BioMed Research International.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of sodium hypochlorite-based formulations on the adhesion interface after fiber post cementation
Joatan Lucas de Sousa Gomes COSTA, Tatiane Miranda MANZOLI, João Felipe BESEGATO, Joissi Ferrari ZANIBONI, Eliane Cristina Gulin DE OLIVEIRA, Lucas David GALVANI, Andréa Abi Rached DANTAS, Luis Geraldo VAZ, Milton Carlos KUGA
Dental Materials Journal.2023; 42(6): 878. CrossRef
Physicochemical properties and penetration into dentinal tubules of calcium hypochlorite with surfactants
Hernán Coaguila-Llerena, Julia da Silva Toledo, Ana Paula Ramos, Gisele Faria
Brazilian Dental Journal.2022; 33(2): 1. CrossRef

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Effect of phytic acid as an endodontic chelator on resin adhesion to sodium hypochlorite-treated dentin: Mohannad Nassar, Noriko Hiraishi, Md. Sofiqul Islam, Maria JRH. Romero, Masayuki Otsuki, Junji Tagami; Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(4):e44. Published online August 24, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e44

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

Phytic acid (IP6), a naturally occurring agent, has been previously reported as a potential alternative to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). However, its effect on adhesion to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)-treated dentin and its interactions with NaOCl have not been previously reported. Thus, in this study, the effects of IP6 on resin adhesion to NaOCl-treated dentin and the failure mode were investigated and the interactions between the used agents were analyzed.

Materials and Methods

Micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) testing was performed until failure on dentin treated with either distilled water (control), 5% NaOCl, or 5% NaOCl followed with chelators: 17% EDTA for 1 minute or 1% IP6 for 30 seconds or 1 minute. The failed specimens were assessed under a scanning electron microscope. The reaction of NaOCl with EDTA or IP6 was analyzed in terms of temperature, pH, effervescence, and chlorine odor, and the effects of the resulting mixtures on the color of a stained paper were recorded.

Results

The µTBS values of the control and NaOCl with chelator groups were not significantly different, but were all significantly higher than that of the group treated with NaOCl only. In the failure analysis, a distinctive feature was the presence of resin tags in samples conditioned with IP6 after treatment with NaOCl. The reaction of 1% IP6 with 5% NaOCl was less aggressive than the reaction of the latter with 17% EDTA.

Conclusions

IP6 reversed the adverse effects of NaOCl on resin-dentin adhesion without the chlorine-depleting effect of EDTA.

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Effect of phytic acid on dentinal collagen solubilization and its binding and debinding potentials to dentin
Diletta Forgione, Mohannad Nassar, Roda Seseogullari-Dirihan, Ahmed Jamleh, Arzu Tezvergil-Mutluay
Journal of Dentistry.2023; 128: 104361. CrossRef
Application of Inositol Hexaphosphate and Inositol in Dental Medicine: An Overview
Ana Druzijanic, Mare Kovic, Marija Roguljic, Livia Cigic, Martina Majstorovic, Ivana Vucenik
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Ahmed Mostafa Attia, Ahmed Fawzy Abo-Elezz, Rehab Khalil Safy
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Postspace pretreatment with 17% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 7% maleic acid, and 1% phytic acid on bond strength of fiber posts luted with a self-adhesive resin cement
PriyaC Yadav, Ramya Raghu, Ashish Shetty, Subhashini Rajasekhara
Journal of Conservative Dentistry.2021; 24(6): 558. CrossRef
Phytic Acid: Properties and Potential Applications in Dentistry
Mohannad Nassar, Rania Nassar, Husain Maki, Abdullah Al-Yagoob, Mahmood Hachim, Abiola Senok, David Williams, Noriko Hiraishi
Frontiers in Materials.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Invited Review Article

The effect of root canal irrigants on dentin: a focused review: Priti Pragati Rath, Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu, Jukka Pekka Matinlinna, Anil Kishen, Prasanna Neelakantan; Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(3):e39. Published online June 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e39

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Despite the vast literature on the effects of root canal irrigants on the dentin characteristics, the precise effects of clinically relevant irrigation sequences remain unclear. In this review, we systematically dissect the role of different sequential irrigation approaches that are used in clinical endodontics. Using a systematic search strategy, we attempt to answer the question: ‘Which irrigating sequence has the most deleterious effects on dentin structure and properties?’ The effect of irrigants on the dentin composition and mechanical properties have been reviewed. A wide variety of concentrations, duration and techniques have been employed to characterize the effects of chemicals on dentin properties, thus making it impossible to draw guidelines or recommendations of irrigant sequences to be followed clinically. It was apparent that all the studied irrigation sequences potentially result in some deleterious effects on dentin such as decrease in the flexural strength, microhardness, modulus of elasticity and inorganic content and organic-inorganic ratio of the dentin. However, the literature still lacks comprehensive investigations to compare the deleterious effect of different irrigation sequences, using a wide variety of qualitative and quantitative methods. Such investigations are essential to make clinical recommendations and strategize efforts to minimize chemically-induced damage to dentin characteristics.

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Suleman Abbas Khan, Harshal Gaidhane, Saumya Navit, Meenakshi Upadhyay, Sujeet Shriram Pal, Nishi Grover
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Research Articles

In vitro evaluation of octenidine as an antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus epidermidis in disinfecting the root canal system: Jia Da Chum, Darryl Jun Zhi Lim, Sultan Omer Sheriff, Shaju Jacob Pulikkotil, Anand Suresh, Fabian Davamani; Restor Dent Endod 2019;44(1):e8. Published online February 8, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2019.44.e8

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

Irrigants are imperative in endodontic therapy for the elimination of pathogens from the infected root canal. The present study compared the antimicrobial efficacy of octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) with chlorhexidine (CHX) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) for root canal disinfection.

Materials and Methods

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was obtained using serial dilution method. The agar diffusion method was then used to determine the zones of inhibition for each irrigant. Lastly, forty 6-mm dentin blocks were prepared from human mandibular premolars and inoculated with S. epidermidis. Samples were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 blocks and irrigated for 3 minutes with saline (control), 2% CHX, 3% NaOCl, or 0.1% OCT. Dentin samples were then collected immediately for microbial analysis, including an analysis of colony-forming units (CFUs).

Results

The MICs of each tested irrigant were 0.05% for CHX, 0.25% for NaOCl, and 0.0125% for OCT. All tested irrigants showed concentration-dependent increase in zones of inhibition, and 3% NaOCl showed the largest zone of inhibition amongst all tested irrigants (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the CFU measurements of 2% CHX, 3% NaOCl, and 0.1% OCT showing complete elimination of S. epidermidis in all samples.

Conclusions

This study showed that OCT was comparable to or even more effective than CHX and NaOCl, demonstrating antimicrobial activity at low concentrations against S. epidermidis.

Citations

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WITHDRAWN: Substantivity of different antiseptic oral gels. An In vitro study
Nirit Tagger Green, Roni Kolerman, Carlos Nemcovsky, Shlomo Matalon, Dan Gaukhman, Liat Chaushu
Heliyon.2025; : e42654. CrossRef
Evaluation of postoperative pain in endodontic retreatment with apical periodontitis using ozonated 2% chlorhexidine and 0.1% octenidine application: A randomized clinical trial
Nidhi Sinha, Geeta Asthana, Girish Parmar, Akshayraj Langaliya, Jinali Shah, Bijay Singh
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.2024; 27(6): 654. CrossRef
Research on NiTi instruments combined with ultrasonic irrigation and multiantibiotic paste in root canal therapy of periapical inflammation in deciduous teeth
Zongxia Zhu, Guangli Fu
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride, superoxidized solution, ozonated water, 0.1% silver nanoparticle solution, and Q mix™ 2 in 1 in root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis
Mahenaz Salam Inamdar, Dayanand G. Chole, Shrinivas S. Bakle, Preeti B. Vaprani, Neha P. Gandhi, Nikhil R. Hatte
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.2024; 27(10): 1059. CrossRef
Causal relationship, shared genes between rheumatoid arthritis and pulp and periapical disease: evidence from GWAS and transcriptome data
Huili Wu, Lijuan Wang, Chenjie Qiu
Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of octenidine dihydrochloride on the antibacterial activity of a formulated resin composite: an in vitro study
Mahitab Mansour, Tarek Salah, Haidy N. Salem
Bulletin of the National Research Centre.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Yuqiang Wang, Jiakang Zhu, Ying Tang, Cui Huang
International Endodontic Journal.2024; 57(5): 566. CrossRef
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Stefania-Irina Dumitrel, Anamaria Matichescu, Stefania Dinu, Roxana Buzatu, Ramona Popovici, Dorin Dinu, Dana Bratu
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Omer Sheriff Sultan, Haresh Kumar A/L Kantilal, Khoo Suan Phaik, Hira Choudhury, Fabian Davamani
Processes.2023; 11(3): 798. CrossRef
Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Herbal Formulations of Septilin and Triphala with Conventional 2% Chlorhexidine on Root Canal and Oral Commensal Bacteria using Kirby Bauer Method
Shadab Ahmed, Kamil Shahnawaz, Tapan Kumar Mandal, Mamnoon Ghafir, Shiva Shankar Gummaluri, Gaurav Vishal
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry.2022; 13(4): 383. CrossRef
A comparative assessment of pomegranate extract, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, Myrrh (Commiphora molmol), tulsi extract against Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Staphylococci epidermidis
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Effects of Octenidine on the Formation and Disruption of Dental Biofilms: An Exploratory In Situ Study in Healthy Subjects
B. Reda, J. Dudek, M. Martínez-Hernández, M. Hannig
Journal of Dental Research.2021; 100(9): 950. CrossRef
Does Cavity Disinfectant Affect Sealing Ability of Universal Self-etch Adhesive?
S Lata, Prasanti Kumari Pradhan, Gaurav Patri, Subhasmita Bhol, Kanhu C Sahoo, Khushboo Ghosh
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2021; 22(3): 273. CrossRef
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VinayaSusan Varghese, Nirmal Kurian
Journal of Conservative Dentistry.2020; 23(5): 463. CrossRef

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Effect of smear layer deproteinization on bonding of self-etch adhesives to dentin: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Khaldoan H. Alshaikh, Hamdi H. H. Hamama, Salah H. Mahmoud; Restor Dent Endod 2018;43(2):e14. Published online March 6, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2018.43.e14

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

The aim of this systematic review was to critically analyze previously published studies of the effects of dentin surface pretreatment with deproteinizing agents on the bonding of self-etch (SE) adhesives to dentin. Additionally, a meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the effects of the above-mentioned surface pretreatment methods on the bonding of SE adhesives to dentin.

Materials and Methods

An electronic search was performed using the following databases: Scopus, PubMed and ScienceDirect. The online search was performed using the following keywords: ‘dentin’ or ‘hypochlorous acid’ or ‘sodium hypochlorite’ and ‘self-etch adhesive.’ The following categories were excluded during the assessment process: non-English articles, randomized clinical trials, case reports, animal studies, and review articles. The reviewed studies were subjected to meta-analysis to quantify the effect of the application time and concentration of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) deproteinizing agents on bonding to dentin.

Results

Only 9 laboratory studies fit the inclusion criteria of this systematic review. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that the pooled average microtensile bond strength values to dentin pre-treated with deproteinizing agents (15.71 MPa) was significantly lower than those of the non-treated control group (20.94 MPa).

Conclusions

In light of the currently available scientific evidence, dentin surface pretreatment with deproteinizing agents does not enhance the bonding of SE adhesives to dentin. The HOCl deproteinizing agent exhibited minimal adverse effects on bonding to dentin in comparison with NaOCl solutions.

Citations

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Evaluating the remnants of Al 2 O 3 particles on different dentine substrate after sandblasting and various cleaning protocols
Faeze Hamze, Khotan Aflatoonian, Mahshid Mohammadibassir, Mohammad-Bagher Rezvani
Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology.2025; 39(6): 869. CrossRef
Preservation Strategies for Interfacial Integrity in Restorative Dentistry: A Non-Comprehensive Literature Review
Carmem S. Pfeifer, Fernanda S. Lucena, Fernanda M. Tsuzuki
Journal of Functional Biomaterials.2025; 16(2): 42. CrossRef
Outcome of Er, Cr:YSGG laser and antioxidant pretreatments on bonding quality to caries-induced dentin
Lamiaa M. Moharam, Haidy N. Salem, Ahmed Abdou, Rasha H. Afifi
BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A comparison of different cleaning approaches for blood contamination after curing universal adhesives on the dentine surface
Ting Liu, Haifeng Xie, Chen Chen
Dental Materials.2024; 40(11): 1786. CrossRef
Effect of fiber-reinforced direct restorative materials on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated mandibular molars restored with a conservative endodontic cavity design
Merve Nezir, Beyza Arslandaş Dinçtürk, Ceyda Sarı, Cemile Kedici Alp, Hanife Altınışık
Clinical Oral Investigations.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of the use of bromelain associated with bioactive glass-ceramic on dentin/adhesive interface
Rocio Geng Vivanco, Ana Beatriz Silva Sousa, Viviane de de Cássia Oliveira, Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti, Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza
Clinical Oral Investigations.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Experimental and Chitosan-Infused Adhesive with Dentin Pretreated with Femtosecond Laser, Methylene Blue-Activated Low-Level Laser, and Phosphoric Acid
Fahad Alkhudhairy
Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery.2024; 42(10): 634. CrossRef
Evaluation of Effective Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Etched Dentin after Dentin Pretreatment: An In-vitro Study
Muhammed Bilal, Shiraz Pasha, Arathi S. Nair
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Comparison of Different Dentin Deproteinizing Agents on Bond Strength and Microleakage of Universal Adhesive to Dentin
Fatih Bedir, Gül Yıldız Telatar
Journal of Advanced Oral Research.2023; 14(1): 44. CrossRef
Addition of metal chlorides to a HOCl conditioner can enhance bond strength to smear layer deproteinized dentin
Kittisak Sanon, Antonin Tichy, Takashi Hatayama, Ornnicha Thanatvarakorn, Taweesak Prasansuttiporn, Takahiro Wada, Yasushi Shimada, Keiichi Hosaka, Masatoshi Nakajima
Dental Materials.2022; 38(8): 1235. CrossRef
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Linah M. Ashy, Hanadi Marghalani
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Collagen-depletion strategies in dentin as alternatives to the hybrid layer concept and their effect on bond strength: a systematic review
António H. S. Delgado, Madalena Belmar Da Costa, Mário Cruz Polido, Ana Mano Azul, Salvatore Sauro
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NaOCl Application after Acid Etching and Retention of Cervical Restorations: A 3-Year Randomized Clinical Trial
M Favetti, T Schroeder, AF Montagner, RR Moraes, T Pereira-Cenci, MS Cenci
Operative Dentistry.2022; 47(3): 268. CrossRef
Resin infiltrant protects deproteinized dentin against erosive and abrasive wear
Ana Theresa Queiroz de Albuquerque, Bruna Oliveira Bezerra, Isabelly de Carvalho Leal, Maria Denise Rodrigues de Moraes, Mary Anne S. Melo, Vanara Florêncio Passos
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Bis[2-(Methacryloyloxy) Ethyl] Phosphate as a Primer for Enamel and Dentine
R. Alkattan, G. Koller, S. Banerji, S. Deb
Journal of Dental Research.2021; 100(10): 1081. CrossRef
Influence of Dentine Pre-Treatment by Sandblasting with Aluminum Oxide in Adhesive Restorations. An In Vitro Study
Bruna Sinjari, Manlio Santilli, Gianmaria D’Addazio, Imena Rexhepi, Alessia Gigante, Sergio Caputi, Tonino Traini
Materials.2020; 13(13): 3026. CrossRef
A novel prime-&-rinse mode using MDP and MMPs inhibitors improves the dentin bond durability of self-etch adhesive
Jingqiu Xu, Mingxing Li, Wenting Wang, Zhifang Wu, Chaoyang Wang, Xiaoting Jin, Ling Zhang, Wenxiang Jiang, Baiping Fu
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials.2020; 104: 103698. CrossRef
The effects of deproteinization and primer treatment on microtensile bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to dentin
In-Hye Bae, Sung-Ae Son, Jeong-Kil Park
Korean Journal of Dental Materials.2019; 46(2): 99. CrossRef
Effect of Papain and Bromelain Enzymes on Shear Bond Strength of Composite to Superficial Dentin in Different Adhesive Systems
Farahnaz Sharafeddin, Mina Safari
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2019; 20(9): 1077. CrossRef

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4 Download
19 Crossref

Root canal irrigants influence the hydrophobicity and adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis to root canal dentin: an in vitro study: Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu, Omer Sheriff Sultan, Sreedharan Kannathasan, Amir Shahreza Patel, Ebenezer Chitra, Prasanna Neelakantan, Fabian Davamani; Restor Dent Endod 2018;43(1):e1. Published online December 7, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2018.43.e1

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

To determine the effect of root canal irrigants on the hydrophobicity and adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) to root canal dentin in vitro.

Materials and Methods

Root dentin blocks (n = 60) were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the irrigation regimen: group 1, saline; group 2, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); group 3, 5.25% NaOCl followed by 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); group 4, same as group 3 followed by 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). The hydrophobicity of S. epidermidis to root dentin was calculated by cell surface hydrophobicity while the adherence was observed by fluorescence microscopy, and bacteria were quantified using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health). Statistical analysis of the data was done using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test (p = 0.05).

Results

The hydrophobicity and adherence of S. epidermidis to dentin were significantly increased after irrigating with group 3 (NaOCl-EDTA) (p < 0.05), whereas in group 4 (NaOCl-EDTA-CHX) both hydrophobicity and adherence were significantly reduced (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The adherence of S. epidermidis to dentin was influenced differently by root canal irrigants. Final irrigation with CHX reduces the bacterial adherence and may impact biofilm formation.

Citations

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Quaternary ammonium silane (k21) based intracanal medicament triggers biofilm destruction
Esther Sook Kuan Kok, Xian Jin Lim, Soo Xiong Chew, Shu Fen Ong, Lok Yin See, Siao Hua Lim, Ling Ang Wong, Fabian Davamani, Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu, Amr Fawzy, Umer Daood
BMC Oral Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

205 View
1 Download
1 Crossref

Antibacterial effect of urushiol on E. faecalis as a root canal irrigant: Sang-Wan Kim, Dong-Hoon Shin; Restor Dent Endod 2017;42(1):54-59. Published online January 25, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2017.42.1.54

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial activity of urushiol against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) to that of NaOCl.

Materials and Methods

The canals of thirty two single rooted human teeth were instrumented with Ni-Ti files (ProTaper Next X1, X2, X3, Dentsply). A pure culture of E. faecalis ATCC 19433 was prepared in sterile brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. The teeth were submerged in the suspension of E. faecalis and were incubated at 37℃ for 7 days to allow biofilm formation. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups according to the irrigant used, and a negative control group where no irrigant was used (n = 8). Group 1 used physiologic normal saline, group 2 used 6% NaOCl, and group 3 used 10 wt% urushiol solution. After canal irrigation, each sample was collected by the sequential placement of 2 sterile paper points (ProTaper NEXT paper points, size X3, Dentsply). Ten-fold serial dilutions on each vials, and 100 µL were cultured on a BHI agar plate for 8 hours, and colony forming unit (CFU) analysis was done. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-whitney U tests.

Results

Saline group exhibited no difference in the CFU counts with control group, while NaOCl and urushiol groups showed significantly less CFU counts than saline and control groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The result of this study suggests 10% urushiol and 6% NaOCl solution had powerful antibacterial activity against E. faecalis when they were used as root canal irrigants.

Citations

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Antimicrobial efficacy of natural-based endodontic solutions: a systematic review with a network meta-analysis
Danilo Cassiano FERRAZ, Anahi de Paula MELO, Felipe de Souza MATOS, Luiz Renato PARANHOS, Camilla Christian Gomes MOURA, Cauane BLUMENBERG, Juliane Maria GUERREIRO-TANOMARU, Mário TANOMARU-FILHO
Brazilian Oral Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Irrigants and irrigation activation systems in Endodontics
Brenda P. F. A. Gomes, Emelly Aveiro, Anil Kishen
Brazilian Dental Journal.2023; 34(4): 1. CrossRef
Effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite gel and solutions in endodontics: A systematic review
Sourabh Barbhi, SR Srinidhi, Rajesh Shetty, Poonam Joshi, Vini Mehta, Sanket Aras
Endodontology.2023; 35(4): 290. CrossRef
Antibiofilm activity of phytochemicals against Enterococcus faecalis: A literature review
Islam A. A. Ali, Prasanna Neelakantan
Phytotherapy Research.2022; 36(7): 2824. CrossRef
Chemical compounds Anti-bacterial of Citrus aurantifolia Ethanol Extract to Inhibit the Early Biofilm Formation and Growth of Enterococcus faecalis Root Canal Isolate
Nur Asmah, Dewi Fatma Suniarti, Endang Winiati Bachtiar, Dewi Angraini Margono, Basri A. Gani
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology.2022; : 2667. CrossRef
Antibacterial efficacy of silver diamine fluoride as a root canal irrigant
Ebtissam M. Al‐Madi, Manar A. Al‐Jamie, Noura M. Al‐Owaid, Amal A. Almohaimede, Albandary M. Al‐Owid
Clinical and Experimental Dental Research.2019; 5(5): 551. CrossRef

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Effect of dentin treatment on proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells: Minjeong Park, Nan-Sim Pang, Il-Young Jung; Restor Dent Endod 2015;40(4):290-298. Published online September 23, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.4.290

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is an excellent bactericidal agent, but it is detrimental to stem cell survival, whereas intracanal medicaments such as calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]₂) promote the survival and proliferation of stem cells. This study evaluated the effect of sequential NaOCl and Ca[OH]₂ application on the attachment and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).

Materials and Methods

DPSCs were obtained from human third molars. All dentin specimens were treated with 5.25% NaOCl for 30 min. DPSCs were seeded on the dentin specimens and processed with additional 1 mg/mL Ca[OH]₂, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) treatment, file instrumentation, or a combination of these methods. After 7 day of culture, we examined DPSC morphology using scanning electron microscopy and determined the cell survival rate with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. We measured cell adhesion gene expression levels after 4 day of culture and odontogenic differentiation gene expression levels after 4 wk using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

DPSCs did not attach to the dentin in the NaOCl-treated group. The gene expression levels of fibronectin-1 and secreted phosphoprotein-1 gene in both the Ca[OH]₂- and the EDTA-treated groups were significantly higher than those in the other groups. All Ca[OH]₂-treated groups showed higher expression levels of dentin matrix protein-1 than that of the control. The dentin sialophosphoprotein level was significantly higher in the groups treated with both Ca[OH]₂ and EDTA.

Conclusions

The application of Ca[OH]₂ and additional treatment such as EDTA or instrumentation promoted the attachment and differentiation of DPSCs after NaOCl treatment.

Citations

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Effect of erbium yttrium aluminium garnet laser dentin conditioning on dental pulp stem cells viability
Aryan Jafari, Mehdi Vatanpour, Nooshin Barikrow, Pouyan Razavi, Sohrab Tour Savadkouhi
Heliyon.2024; 10(5): e26954. CrossRef
Comparison of the effect of NaOCL, curcumin, and EDTA on differentiation, proliferation, and adhesion of dental pulp stem cells
Vahid Zand, Amin Salem Milani, Carolyn Primus, Marzie Aghazade, Hadi Mokhtari, Sabete Bagheri Sabzevar, Pardis Tehranchi
Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research.2023; 13(2): 347. CrossRef
Differential Effects of Extracellular Matrix Glycoproteins Fibronectin and Laminin-5 on Dental Pulp Stem Cell Phenotypes and Responsiveness
Hyungbin Lee, Allen Bae, John Kim, Karl Kingsley
Journal of Functional Biomaterials.2023; 14(2): 91. CrossRef
Assessment of the Influence of Various Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite on Stem Cell Derived From Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHED) Proliferation and Differentiation
Viral Maru, Ashwini KB, Manisha Madkaikar, R K Sarada Devi, Ashita Gada, Salil Bapat
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on proliferation, osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation, and mechanosensitive gene expression of human dental pulp stem cells
Yuejun Li, Changlong Jin, Shouliang Zhao, Han Xie
Tissue and Cell.2022; 79: 101955. CrossRef
Influence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on regenerative endodontics: A systematic review
Alexandre H. dos Reis‐Prado, Lucas G. Abreu, Rogéria R. Fagundes, Sabrina de C. Oliveira, Marco C. Bottino, Antônio P. Ribeiro‐Sobrinho, Francine Benetti
International Endodontic Journal.2022; 55(6): 579. CrossRef
An in-vitro Comparative Evaluation of Quantitative Release of Transforming Growth Factor β-1 from Dentin upon the Action of Endodontic Irrigants, Medicaments, Ultrasonic Activation, and Low-Level Laser Irradiation
Anilkumar Akhila, V. P. Prabath Singh, Kerala R. Varma, Senthil V. Vasudevan, V. Sukhithasri, Salu Sasikumar
Amrita Journal of Medicine.2021; 17(2): 34. CrossRef
Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Conditioned Root Dentin Promotes Attraction and Attachment of Primary Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Real-Time Ex Vivo
Yeon-Jee Yoo, Min-Ji Kang, Hiran Perinpanayagam, Joo-Cheol Park, Seung-Ho Baek, Kee-Yeon Kum
Applied Sciences.2021; 11(15): 6836. CrossRef
The Effects of Intracanal Irrigants and Medicaments on Dental-Derived Stem Cells Fate in Regenerative Endodontics: An update
Sara Ayoub, Ali Cheayto, Sanaa Bassam, Mehdi Najar, Antoine Berbéri, Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
Stem Cell Reviews and Reports.2020; 16(4): 650. CrossRef
An Immunofluorescence Study to Analyze Wound Healing Outcomes of Regenerative Endodontics in an Immature Premolar with Chronic Apical Abscess
Jeen Nee Lui, Wen Yi Lim, Domenico Ricucci
Journal of Endodontics.2020; 46(5): 627. CrossRef
Dynamic Irrigation Promotes Apical Papilla Cell Attachment in an Ex Vivo Immature Root Canal Model
Sanupong Prompreecha, Thanapat Sastraruji, Phumisak Louwakul, Tanida Srisuwan
Journal of Endodontics.2018; 44(5): 744. CrossRef
Odontoblast-like differentiation and mineral formation of pulpsphere derived cells on human root canal dentin in vitro
Jörg Neunzehn, Sandra Pötschke, Christian Hannig, Hans-Peter Wiesmann, Marie-Theres Weber
Head & Face Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate, an Antibacterial Cross-linking Agent, on Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells Cultured in Collagen Scaffolds
Young-Sun Kwon, Hee-Jin Kim, Yun-Chan Hwang, Vinicius Rosa, Mi-Kyung Yu, Kyung-San Min
Journal of Endodontics.2017; 43(2): 289. CrossRef

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Effect of three different irrigation solutions applied by passive ultrasonic irrigation: Carmen Llena, Leopoldo Forner, Raquel Cambralla, Adrian Lozano; Restor Dent Endod 2015;40(2):143-148. Published online February 11, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.2.143

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This study evaluated the maximum depth and percentage of irrigant penetration into dentinal tubules by passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI).

Materials and Methods

Thirty extracted human teeth were instrumented and divided into three groups. According to final irrigation regimen, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (Group A, NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (Group B, CHX) and saline solution (Group C, control group) were applied with Irrisafe 20 tips (Acteon) and PUI. Irrigant was mixed with 0.1% rhodamine B. Sections at 2 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm from the apex were examined with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The percentage and maximum depth of irrigant penetration were measured. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test were performed for overall comparison between groups at each level and for pairwise comparison, respectively. Within a group, Wilcoxon test was performed among different levels. p values less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results

In all groups, highest penetration depth and percentage of penetration were observed at the 8 mm level. At 2 mm level, Groups A and B had significantly greater depths and percentages in penetration than Group C (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between Groups A and B. At 5 mm level, penetration depths and percentage of penetration was not significantly different among the groups.

Conclusions

NaOCl and CHX applied by PUI showed similar depth and percentage of penetration at all evaluated levels.

Citations

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Comparative evaluation of side-vented needle, air sonic, and ultrasonic irrigation techniques on sodium hypochlorite penetration into tubules of dentin in root canal: An in vitro study
Anjali Meena, Nidhi Sharma, Dakshita Joy Sinha, Sarita Singh, Anu Dhawan, Neha Verma
Endodontology.2025; 37(1): 80. CrossRef
The influence of irrigant activation, concentration and contact time on sodium hypochlorite penetration into root dentine: an ex vivo experiment
S. S. Virdee, D. J. J. Farnell, M. A. Silva, J. Camilleri, P. R. Cooper, P. L. Tomson
International Endodontic Journal.2020; 53(7): 986. CrossRef
Sodium hypochlorite penetration into dentinal tubules after manual dynamic agitation and ultrasonic activation: a histochemical evaluation
Luigi Generali, Erica Campolongo, Ugo Consolo, Carlo Bertoldi, Luciano Giardino, Francesco Cavani
Odontology.2018; 106(4): 454. CrossRef
Sonic versus ultrasonic activation for the cleaning of the root canal after post space preparation: an in vitro study.
René Carrasco, Ricardo Román, Makarena Ojeda, Carolina Vergara
Journal Oral Of Research.2015; 4(4): 255. CrossRef

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Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Ferula gummosa plant essential oil compared to NaOCl and CHX: a preliminary in vitro study: Abbas Abbaszadegan, Ahmad Gholami, Hosein Mirhadi, Mina Saliminasab, Aboozar Kazemi, Mahmood Reza Moein; Restor Dent Endod 2015;40(1):50-57. Published online December 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.1.50

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

The usage of medicinal plants as natural antimicrobial agents has grown in many fields including dental medicine. The aim of this in vitro study was three-fold: (i) to determine the chemical compositions of the Ferula gummosa essential oil (FGEO), (ii) to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of the oil with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX), (iii) to assess the toxic behavior of FGEO in different concentrations compared to 5% NaOCl and 0.2% CHX.

Materials and Methods

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to determine the chemical compositions of the oil. The disk diffusion method and a broth micro-dilution susceptibility assay were exploited to assess the antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mitis, and Candida albicans. The cytocompatibility of the FGEO was assessed on L929 fibroblasts, and compared to that of NaOCl and CHX.

Results

Twenty-seven constituents were recognized in FGEO. The major component of the oil was β-pinene (51.83%). All three irrigants significantly inhibited the growth of all examined microorganisms compared to the negative control group. FGEO at 50 µg/mL was effective in lower concentration against Enterococcus faecalis than 5% NaOCl and 0.2% CHX, and was also more potent than 0.2% CHX against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. FGEO was a cytocompatible solution, and had significantly lower toxicity compared to 5% NaOCl and 0.2% CHX.

Conclusions

FGEO showed a promising biological potency as a root canal disinfectant. More investigations are required on the effectiveness of this oil on intracanal bacterial biofilms.

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Hernán Coaguila-Llerena, Luana Raphael da Silva, Gisele Faria
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bahareh nazemi salman, ali Yazdi Nejad, fakhri haghi, mahtab Mohammadi Gheydari, samira basir shabestari
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Calcium hydroxide dressing residues after different removal techniques affect the accuracy of Root-ZX apex locator: Emel Uzunoglu, Ayhan Eymirli, Mehmet Özgür Uyanik, Semra Çalt, Emre Nagas; Restor Dent Endod 2015;40(1):44-49. Published online November 5, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.1.44

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This study compared the ability of several techniques to remove calcium hydroxide (CH) from the root canal and determined the influence of CH residues on the accuracy of the electronic apex locator.

Materials and Methods

Root canals of 90 human maxillary lateral incisors with confirmed true working length (TWL) were prepared and filled with CH. The teeth were randomly assigned to one of the experimental groups according to the CH removal technique (n = 14): 0.9% saline; 0.9% saline + master apical file (MAF); 17% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA); 17% EDTA + MAF; 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); 5.25% NaOCl + MAF. Six teeth were used as negative control. After CH removal, the electronic working length was measured using Root-ZX (Morita Corp.) and compared with TWL to evaluate Root-ZX accuracy. All specimens were sectioned longitudinally, and the area of remaining CH (CH) and total canal area were measured using imaging software.

Results

The EDTA + MAF and NaOCl + MAF groups showed better CH removal than other groups (p < 0.05). Root-ZX reliability to prevent overestimated working length to be > 85% within a tolerance of ± 1.0 mm (p < 0.05). There was strong negative correlation between amount of CH residues and EAL accuracy (r = -0.800 for ± 0.5 mm; r = -0.940 for ± 1.0 mm).

Conclusions

The mechanical instrumentation improves the CH removal of irrigation solutions although none of the techniques removed the dressing completely. Residues of CH medication in root canals affected the accuracy of Root-ZX adversely.

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Effects of Intracanal Medicaments on the Measurement Accuracy of Four Apex Locators: An In Vitro Study
Hamza Cudal, Tuğrul Aslan, Bertan Kesim
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Zainab Shirazi, Anas Al-Jadaa, Abdul Rahman Saleh
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Mostafa Godiny, Reza Hatam, Roya Safari-Faramani, Atefeh Khavid, Mohammad Reza Rezaei
Journal of Advanced Oral Research.2022; 13(1): 38. CrossRef
Endodontic cement penetration after removal of calcium hydroxide dressing using XP-endo finisher
Alyssa Sales dos Santos, Maria Aparecida Barbosa de Sá, Marco Antônio Húngaro Duarte, Martinho Campolina Rebello Horta, Frank Ferreira Silveira, Eduardo Nunes
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Cangül Keskin, Ali Keleş, Öznur Sarıyılmaz
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Accuracy of electronic apex locator in the presence of different irrigating solutions
Padmanabh Jha, Vineeta Nikhil, Shalya Raj, Rohit Ravinder, Preeti Mishra
Endodontology.2021; 33(4): 232. CrossRef
Farklı Kanal İçi Ortamların Apeks Bulucuların Doğruluğu Üzerine Etkisi
Asena OKUR, Tuğrul ASLAN, Burak SAĞSEN
Selcuk Dental Journal.2021; 8(3): 859. CrossRef
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Pelin Tufenkci, Aylin Kalaycı
Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects.2020; 14(2): 125. CrossRef
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NooshinSadat Shojaee, Zahra Zaeri, MohammadMehdi Shokouhi, Fereshteh Sobhnamayan, Alireza Adl
Dental Research Journal.2020; 17(1): 48. CrossRef
The Effect of Calcium Hydroxide and File Sızes on the Accuracy of the Electronic Apex Locator in Simulated Immature Teeth
Leyla AYRANCİ, Ahmet ÇETİNKAYA, Serkan ÖZKAN
Middle Black Sea Journal of Health Science.2019; 5(3): 273. CrossRef
The Effect of File Size and Type and Irrigation Solutions on the Accuracy of Electronic Apex Locators: AnIn VitroStudy on Canine Teeth
Maciej Janeczek, Piotr Kosior, Dagmara Piesiak-Pańczyszyn, Krzysztof Dudek, Aleksander Chrószcz, Agnieszka Czajczyńska-Waszkiewicz, Małgorzata Kowalczyk-Zając, Aleksandra Gabren-Syller, Karol Kirstein, Aleksandra Skalec, Ewelina Bryła, Maciej Dobrzyński
BioMed Research International.2016; 2016: 1. CrossRef

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Basic Researchs

Analysis of para-chloroaniline after chemical interaction between alexidine and sodium hypochlorite using mass spectrometry: A preliminary study: Hyeon-Sik Kim, Seung-Hyun Han, Soram Oh, Sang-Min Lim, Yu Gu, Kee-Yeon Kum; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2010;35(4):295-301. Published online July 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.4.295

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The purposes of this study were firstly to investigate the any formation of precipitate after interaction between ALX and NaOCL and secondarily to analyze the PCA formation by using time of flight secondary ion mass (TOF-SIM) spectrometry. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed for the mixture of 0.5% ALX and 5.25% NaOCl. As controls, 2.5% CHX with 5.25% NaOCl and 1% PCA solutions were used. Any formation of precipitates in 10 tested solutions was evaluated by naked eye. Results of mass spectrum showed that the typical peak of PCA was not detected in mixed solution of ALX and NaOCl, whereas CHX/NaOCl mixture showed the same peak that found in the PCA spectrum. Precipitate formation was only observed in CHX/NaOCL mixture. The present TOF-SIM spectrometry results indicated that ALX can be a useful root canal irrigant combined with NaOCl during canal instrumentation. Further study is necessary to confirm the antimicrobial effect of ALX against endodontic pathogen before its clinical application as an endodontic irrigant.

Citations

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Chemical Interaction of Alexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite
Hyeon-Sik Kim, Qiang Zhu, Seung-Ho Baek, Il-Young Jung, Won-Jun Son, Seok-Woo Chang, Woocheol Lee, Yu Gu, Yoon Lee, Sung-Tae Hong, Kwang-Shik Bae, Ji-Woong Kim, Kun Cho, Kee-Yeon Kum
Journal of Endodontics.2012; 38(1): 112. CrossRef

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The comparison of different canal irrigation methods to prevent reaction precipitate between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine: Moon-Sun Choi, Se-Hee Park, Kyung-Mo Cho, Jin-Woo Kim; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2010;35(2):80-87. Published online March 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.2.080

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

The purpose of this study was to compare the different canal irrigation methods to prevent the formation of precipitate between sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX).

Extracted 50 human single-rooted teeth were used. The root canals were instrumented using NiTi rotary file (Profile .04/#40) with 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA as irrigants. Teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups and one control group as follows; Control group: 2.5% NaOCl only, Group 1: 2.5% NaOCl + 2% CHX, Group 2: 2.5% NaOCl + paper points + 2% CHX, Group 3: 2.5% NaOCl + preparation with one large sized-file + 2% CHX, Group 4: 2.5% NaOCl +95% alcohol+ 2% CHX.

The teeth were split in bucco-lingual aspect and the specimens were observed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. The percentages of remaining debris and patent dentinal tubules were determined. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy was used for analyzing the occluded materials in dentinal tubule for elementary analysis.

There were no significant differences in percentage of remaining debris and patent tubules between all experimental groups at all levels (p > .05).

In elementary analysis, the most occluded materials in dentinal tubule were dentin debris. NaOCl/CHX precipitate was detected in one tooth specimen of Group 1.

In conclusion, there were no significant precipitate on root canal, but suspected material was detected on Group 1. The irrigation system used in this study could be prevent the precipitate formation.

Citations

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Analysis of para-chloroaniline after chemical interaction between alexidine and sodium hypochlorite using mass spectrometry: A preliminary study
Hyeon-Sik Kim, Seung-Hyun Han, Soram Oh, Sang-Min Lim, Yu Gu, Kee-Yeon Kum
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(4): 295. CrossRef

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Original Articles

CYCLIC FATIGUE OF THE SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE TREATED AND /OR STEAM AUTOCLAVED NICKEL-TITANIUM ENDODONTIC FILES: Hye-Young Cho, Il-Young Jung, Chan-Young Lee, Euiseong Kim; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2008;33(1):54-65. Published online January 14, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2008.33.1.054

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sodium hypochlorite and steam autoclaving on the cyclic fatigue of nickel-titanium endodontic files.

Two types of files with a .06 taper and #30 were used, K3^® (SybronEndo, Glendora, California, USA) and Hero642^®(Micro-Mega, Besançon, France).

The files were divided into 6 experimental groups containing 10 files each group depending the soaking time in 6% sodium hypochlorite solution and number of cycles of steam autoclave. After sterilization, a cyclic fatigue test was performed on each file, and the fracture time was recorded in seconds. The control group underwent the cyclic fatigue test only. After the test, the surface characteristics of the files were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

All groups containing the Hero 642^® files showed a similar cyclic fatigue fracture time. However, the cyclic fatigue fracture time with the K3^® files was significantly shorter in groups which were treated with sodium hypochlorite than in the control group (P < 0.05). SEM revealed both Hero642^® and K3^® files to have significant corrosion on the file surface in groups treated with sodium hypochlorite, compared with the sharp and regular blades of the control group. K3^® files showed more corrosion than the Hero642^® files. Bluntness of the blades of the K3^® file was observed in groups treated with steam autoclave. Although there was no obvious destruction on the surface of steam autoclaved Hero642^® files, slight bluntness was observed.

Sterilizing with a steam autoclave is much less destructive to K3^® files than sodium hypochlorite. The longer time exposed to sodium hypochlorite, the more destructive pattern was shown on the blades of the files. Therefore, when using sodium hypochlorite solution, the exposure time should be as short as possible in order to prevent corrosion and increase the cyclic fatigue fracture time.

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Evaluation of time-dependent antimicrobial effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) on Enterococcus faecalis in the root canal: Hye-Jeong Kim, Se-Hee Park, Kyung-Mo Cho, Jin-Woo Kim; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2007;32(2):121-129. Published online March 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.2.121

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The purpose of this study was to assess the antibacterial effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and chlorhexidine (CHX) on Enterococcus faecalis and to evaluate and to compare the time-dependant antimicrobial effect of NaDCC with NaOCl and CHX in the root canal in vitro before and after instrumentation.

Extracted human single teeth were prepared by serial instrumentation technique. The samples were autoclaved and contaminated for 3 days with E. faecalis monocultures. The teeth were then divided into 4 groups. Each group was irrigated and inserted with 2% NaOCl, 2% NaDCC, 2% CHX and sterilized saline. After 6, 12, 24, 72h, and 1 week incubation, sterilized paper point was inserted into the root canal. Paper points containing root canal contents were then placed on the agar plate. And then each root canal was prepared with #4 and #5 GG (Gates-Glidden) drill. The debris were collected in the sterilized microtube and the plates were incubated at 37℃ in an increased CO₂ atmosphere. After 24h incubation the growth of bacteria around the paper points were measured.

NaOCl and NaDCC solution shows similar antimicrobial effect for E. faecalis at 6, 12, 24, 72h and 1 week. In control group, irrigated with sterilized saline, no antimicrobial effect was observed.

The results are in agreement with other investigators, who have shown the bactericidal property and possibility of NaDCC as a root canal irrigation solution. Thus it seems that NaDCC solutions can be clinically applied into the root canal within 1 week after dilution.

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Hyeon-Sik Kim, Seung-Hyun Han, Soram Oh, Sang-Min Lim, Yu Gu, Kee-Yeon Kum
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(4): 295. CrossRef
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