Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics (Restor Dent Endod, RDE) is a peer-reviewed and open-access electronic journal providing up-to-date information regarding the research and developments on new knowledge and innovations pertinent to the field of contemporary clinical operative dentistry, restorative dentistry, and endodontics. In the field of operative and restorative dentistry, the journal deals with diagnosis, treatment planning, treatment concepts and techniques, adhesive dentistry, esthetic dentistry, tooth whitening, dental materials, and implant restoration. In the field of endodontics, the journal deals with a variety of topics such as etiology of periapical lesions, outcome of endodontic treatment, surgical endodontics including replantation, transplantation and implantation, dental trauma, intracanal microbiology, endodontic materials (MTA, nickel-titanium instruments, etc.), molecular biology techniques, and stem cell biology. RDE publishes research articles, review articles and case reports dealing with aforementioned topics from all over the world.

Manuscripts submitted to RDE should be prepared according to the instructions below. For issues not addressed in these instructions, the author should refer to the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/) from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).

Table of Contents

• 1. Research and Publication Ethics
• 2. Authorship
• 3. Copyrights, Open Access, Data Sharing, and Archiving
• 4. Article Processing Charge
• 5. Submission of Manuscripts
• 6. Manuscript Preparation
• 7. Manuscript Files Accepted
• 8. Contacting the Journal
• 9. History of the Recommendations

Research and Publication Ethics

All of the manuscripts should be prepared based on strict observation of research and publication ethics guidelines recommended by the Council of Science Editors (https://www.councilscienceeditors.org), International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE, https://www.icmje.org), World Association of Medical Editors (WAME, https://www.wame.org), and the Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors (KAMJE, https://www.kamje.or.kr/en/main_en).

All studies involving human subjects or human data must be reviewed and approved by a responsible Institutional Review Board (IRB). Please refer to the principles embodied in the Declaration of Helsinki (https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects) for all investigations involving human materials. Animal experiments also should be reviewed by an appropriate committee (IACUC) for the care and use of animals. Also, studies with pathogens requiring a high degree of biosafety should pass review of a relevant committee (Institutional Biosafety Committee). The approval should be described in the Methods section. For studies of humans including case reports, state whether informed consents were obtained from the study participants (or from a parent or legal guardian if the participant is unable to provide consent). The editor of RDE may request submission of copies of the documents regarding ethical issues.

The RDE will follow the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE, https://publicationethics.org) for the settlement of any misconduct.

Authorship

Authorship credit should be based on (1) substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data, and analysis and interpretation of data; (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; (3) final approval of the version to be published; and (4) agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Authors should meet these four conditions.

Role of Corresponding Author: The corresponding author takes primary responsibility for communication with the journal during the manuscript submission, peer review, and publication process. The corresponding author typically ensures that all of the journal’s administrative requirements, such as providing the details of authorship, ethics committee approval, clinical trial registration documentation, and conflict of interest forms and statements, are properly completed, although these duties may be delegated to one or more co-authors. The corresponding author should be available throughout the submission and peer review process to respond to editorial queries in a timely manner, and after publication, should be available to respond to critiques of the work and cooperate with any requests from the journal for data or additional information or questions about the article.

Contributors: Any researcher who does not meet all four ICMJE criteria for authorship discussed above but contribute substantively to the study in terms of idea development, manuscript writing, conducting research, data analysis, and financial support should have their contributions listed in the Acknowledgments section of the article.

Changes to Authorship: Any changes to authorship (the addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship of accepted manuscript) needs to be approved by the Editor-in-Chief after a written confirmation by a corresponding author including the reason the name should be rearranged and all the signature of co-authors.

For more information, please refer to the Research and Publication Ethics page on the journal website.

Copyrights, Open Access, Data Sharing, and Archiving

Copyright: Copyright in all published material is owned by the Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry. Authors must agree to transfer copyright (https://rde.ac/file/rde_Copyright_transfer_agreement.pdf) during the submission process. The corresponding author is responsible for submitting the copyright transfer agreement to the publisher.

Open Access Policy: RDE is an open-access journal. Articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Author(s) do not need permission to use tables or figures published in RDE in other journals, books, or media for scholarly and educational purposes.

Data Sharing: RDE encourages data sharing wherever possible unless this is prevented by ethical, privacy, or confidentiality matters. Authors so may deposit their data in a publicly accessible repository and include a link to the DOI within the text of the manuscript.

Clinical Trials: RDE accepts the ICMJE Recommendations for data sharing statement policy. Authors may refer to the editorial, “Data Sharing Statements for Clinical Trials: A Requirement of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors,” in the Journal of Korean Medical Science (https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2017.32.7.1051).

Archiving Policy: It is accessible without barrier from PubMed Central (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/2010/), Korea Citation Index (https://kci.go.kr), or National Library of Korea (https://nl.go.kr) in the event a journal is no longer published.

For more information, please refer to the Editorial Policy page on the journal website.

Article Processing Charge

There are no author submission fees or other publication-related charges. All cost for the publication process is supported by the Publisher.

Submission of Manuscripts

Copyright Assignment: Authors submitting a paper do so on the understanding that the work and its essential substance have not been published before and are not being considered for publication elsewhere. The submission of the manuscript by the authors means that the authors automatically agree to assign exclusive copyright to RDE if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication.

Submission: RDE requires electronic submission of all manuscripts. All manuscripts must be submitted to RDE through the website (https://www.editorialmanager.com/rde/) with a cover letter to the editor. Manuscripts may be submitted at any time. Authors may send queries concerning the submission process, manuscript status, or journal procedures to the Editor. Please contact the Editor by E-mail at editor@rde.ac.

Blinded Peer Review Process: Manuscripts that do not conform to the general aims and scope of the journal will be returned immediately without review. All other manuscripts will be reviewed by experts in the corresponding field (at least two referees). The Editorial Board may request authors to revise the manuscripts according to the reviewer’s opinion. The revised manuscript may go through a second review by referees. A final decision on approval of publication of the submitted manuscripts is made by the Editorial Board.

Manuscript Preparation

General Requirements

• Publication types: Articles falling into the following categories are invited for submission: Research Articles, Case Reports, Review Articles, Editorials, Open Lectures, and Comments for the Reader's Forum.

• Language: The language of publication is English. It is recommended that international authors who are not native speakers of English seek help during manuscript preparation. The authors must have the article reviewed by a professional English editorial service before submission and submit the certificate of English proofreading as a supplement. The terminology used should follow the most recent edition of Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary.

• General text style: Use Times New Roman 10-point font. Scientific units should be followed by the International System of Units. When non-standard terms appearing 3 or more times in the manuscript are to be abbreviated, they should be written out completely in the text when first used with the abbreviation in parenthesis. For medicine, use generic names. If a brand name should be used, insert it in parentheses after the generic name.

• Statistical analysis: Authors are strongly encouraged to consult a statistician for statistical analysis. Manuscripts with inappropriate statistical analysis methods will be returned to the authors without being reviewed.

• Ethical approval: All studies using human and animal subjects or specimens obtained from such subjects (such as extracted teeth) should include an explicit statement in the Methods section identifying the review and approval by the ethics committee for each study and provide an approval number. Manuscripts must be accompanied by a statement in the cover letter that the experiments were undertaken with the understanding and written consent of each subject and according to the above-mentioned principles.

• Permissions: If all or parts of previously published quotations, tables, or illustrations are used, permission must be obtained from the copyright holder concerned. The authors will be held responsible for failing to acquire proper permission before submission.

• Reporting guideline: For specific study designs, such as randomized controlled trials, studies of diagnostic accuracy, meta-analyses, observational studies, and non-randomized studies, we strongly recommend that authors follow and adhere to the reporting guidelines relevant to their specific research design. Randomized controlled trials should be presented according to the CONSORT guidelines (http://www.consort-statement.org). For case reports, authors should follow the CARE guidelines (https://www.care-statement.org). Authors should upload a completed checklist for the appropriate reporting guidelines during initial submission. Some reliable sources of reporting guidelines are EQUATOR Network (https://www.equator-network.org/) and NLM (https://www.nlm.nih.gov/services/research_report_guide.html).

• Data statement: Authors should state the availability of data in submission. If you have made your research data available in a data repository, you can link your article directly to the dataset. If the data is unavailable to access or unsuitable to post, authors must indicate why during the submission process, for example by stating that the research data is confidential. The statement will appear with your published article.

Manuscript Structure and Format

Key features and limits of articles are summarized below. However, the limits are negotiable with the editor.

Type	Abstract	Reference (max)	Table/Fig (max)
Review Article	· Unstructured · Max 200 words	70	NL
Research Article	· Structured : Objectives / Methods / Results / Conclusions · Max 250 words	40	Total 8
Case Report	· Unstructured · Max 200 words	30	Total 6
Editorial	No abstract	10	Total 2
Open Lectures	No abstract	NL	NL
Comments for the Reader's Forum	No abstract	NL	NL

NL, no limit.

Units, symbols, figures, tables, and references used must conform to the current issue or the linked article on our website.

• Title page: The title page of the manuscript should include the title of the article, the full name of the author(s), academic degrees, institutional affiliations, a running title (of seven or fewer words), correspondence, and declarations.

• - Title: The title should be concise and precise. It should be of 20 or less words, or it should fit within two lines. Only the first letter of the first word of the title should be capitalized.
• - Authors: Listed authors should include only those individuals who have made a significant creative contribution. RDE allows multiple authors to be specified as having equally contributed to the article as co-first authors or co-corresponding authors. While the contact information of all the corresponding authors is published in the article, only one corresponding author (the submitting author) is solely responsible for communicating with the journal.
• - Correspondence: The affiliation, address, telephone number, and e-mail address should be given.
• - Declarations: The declarations include conflicts of interest, funding, authors’ contributions, ORCID, data availability statement, and acknowledgments.

Conflicts of interest	If there are any conflicts of interest, authors should disclose them in the manuscript. Disclosures allow editors, reviewers, and readers to approach the manuscript with an understanding of the situation and background of the completed research. If there are no conflicts of interest, authors should include the following sentence: “No potential cconflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.”
Funding	All sources of funding applicable to the study should be stated here explicitly.
Authors’ contributions	The contributions of all authors must be described using the CRediT (https://credit.niso.org/) taxonomy of author roles.
	Author Contributions Conceptualization: name; Data curation: name; Formal analysis: name; Funding acquisition: name; Investigation: name; Methodology: name; Project administration: name; Resources: name; Software: name; Supervision: name; Validation: name; Visualization: name; Writing - original draft: name; Writing - review & editing: name. (name: the last name and initials, e.g., Cho BH)
ORCID	All authors are required to provide ORCID identification numbers. Please list the names of all authors and include the corresponding ORCID iD next to each name.
	ORCID Byeong-Hoon Cho https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9641-5507 Kyung-San Min https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1928-3384
Data availability statement	Data are available in a public, open-access repository: Please state the repository name, the persistent URL, and any conditions of reuse. All data that are publicly available and used in the writing of an article should be cited in the text and the reference list, whether they are data generated by the author(s) or by other researchers. Data are available upon reasonable request: Please describe the data (e.g., de-identified participant data), who has access to the data, their publishable contact information, and the conditions under which reuse is permitted. All study-related data is included in the publication or provided as supplementary information: Please ensure this does not include patient identifiable data. Data sharing is not relevant because no datasets were created and/or analyzed for this study: Please state ‘Not applicable’ in this section. No data are available: Please state ‘Not applicable’ in this section.
Acknowledgments	All persons who have made substantial contributions, but who have not met the criteria for authorship, are acknowledged here.

• Abstract: The abstract should consist of a single paragraph with no more than 250 words for research articles and 200 words for case reports or review articles and should give details of what was done. The structured abstracts of research articles are to contain the following major headings: Objective, Methods, Results, Conclusion; and Keywords of no more than six words in alphabetical order. The abstracts of review articles or case reports don’t need a structured format, but keywords should be listed. The keywords should be from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) subject headings when possible (https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/search) but non-MeSH subject headings may be used if deemed appropriate by the authors. Keywords should be written in small alphabetic letters with the first letter in capital. Separate each word by a semicolon.

• Main text

• - Introduction: The introduction should briefly review the pertinent literature in order to identify the gap in knowledge that the study is intended to address. The purpose of the study, the tested hypothesis, and its scope should be described.
• - Methods: The explanation of the experimental methods should be concise and sufficient for repetition by other qualified investigators. Procedures that have been published previously should not be described in detail. However, new or significant modifications of previously published procedures need full descriptions. Clinical studies or experiments using laboratory animals or pathogens should mention approval of the studies by relevant committees in this section. The sources of special chemicals or preparations should be given along with their location (name of company, city and state, and country). If the study utilized a commercial product, the generic term should be used and the product name, manufacturer, city, and country should be stated in parentheses. The methods of statistical analysis and the criteria for determining significance levels should be described.

An ethics statement should be placed here when the studies are performed using clinical samples or data, and animals. An exemplary is shown below.

Human	The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of OOO (IRB No: OO-OO-OO). Informed consent was obtained by all participants (or the participant's legal guardian) / Informed consent was waived by the IRB.
Animal	The procedures used and the care of animals were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at OOO University (approval No. ******).
Clinical trial	This is a randomized clinical trial on the second phase, registered at the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS, https://cris.nih.go.kr), No. *******. * Other international registration is also acceptable.

Description of participants: Ensure correct use of the terms sex (when reporting biological factors) and gender (identity, psychosocial or cultural factors), and, unless inappropriate, report the sex or gender of study participants, the sex of animals or cells, and describe the methods used to determine sex or gender. If the study was done involving an exclusive population, for example in only one sex, authors should justify why, except in obvious cases (e.g., prostate cancer). Authors should define how they determined race or ethnicity and justify their relevance.

• - Results: This section should present only the observations with minimal reference to earlier literature or possible interpretations by the authors. Data must not be duplicated in Tables and Figures. In tables and figures, magnification rates and units should be stated. SI (Le système International d'Unités) units should be used. Tables, figures, and legends of tables and figures may be included in the text or attached as separate pages at the end of the manuscript. Files containing figures and tables must also be submitted as separate files.
• - Discussion: The discussion section should describe the major findings of the study. Both the strengths and the weaknesses of the observations should be discussed. In addition, suggestions for further research topics may be included if needed.
• - Conclusions: A brief conclusion based on the findings of the study and a comment on the potential clinical relevance of the findings should be summarized. The conclusion section should be described in a narrative manner, without numbering.
• • References: References should be obviously related to the document. In the text, references should be cited with Arabic numerals in brackets, numbered in the order cited. The reference list should be typed double-spaced on a separate page and numbered in the order the reference citations appear in the text. For journal citations, include surnames and initials of authors, complete title of article, name of journal (abbreviated according to the NLM Catalog; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals/), volume, inclusive page numbers, and year of publication. When books are cited, either inclusive page numbers or chapter numbers should be included. Please note that theses or doctoral dissertations, which have not been published in peer-reviewed journals, should not be cited as references.

If needed, single or double authors should be acknowledged in the text, e.g. Ford and Roberts. If there are more than two authors, the first author followed by et al. is sufficient, e.g. Tobias et al.

We recommend the use of EndNote for reference management and formatting. For reference style and format, please refer to the following examples.

Journal article	1. Oh HK, Shin DH. Effect of adhesive application method on repair bond strength of composite. Restor Dent Endod 2021;46:e32. List all authors when six or fewer (ex. reference 1); when seven or more, list six and add et al. (ex. reference 2 and 4). 2. Bergamo ET, Yamaguchi S, Lopes AC, Coelho PG, de Araújo-Júnior EN, Benalcázar Jalkh EB, et al. Performance of crowns cemented on a fiber-reinforced composite framework 5-unit implant-supported prostheses: in silico and fatigue analyses. Dent Mater 2021;37:1783-1793. 3. Shah RA, Hsu JI, Patel RR, Mui UN, Tyring SK. Antibiotic resistance in dermatology: the scope of the problem and strategies to address it. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021 Sep 20 [Epub]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2021.09.024. 4. Van Meerbeek B, Vargas M, Inoue S, Yoshida Y, Peumans M, Lambrechts P, et al. Adhesives and cements to promote preservation dentistry. Oper Dent 2001;(Supplement 6):119-144. 5. Yoshida Y, Van Meerbeek B, Okazaki M, Shintani H, Suzuki K. Comparative study on adhesive performance of functional monomers. J Dent Res 2003;82(Special Issue B):Abstract 0051, pB-19.
Book & Book chapter	6. Seltzer S, Bender IB. The dental pulp: biologic considerations in dental procedures. 3rd ed. Lippincott; 1984. p400. 7. Fouad AF, Levin L. Pulpal reactions to caries and dental procedures. In: Hargreaves KM, Cohen S, Berman LH, eds. Cohen's pathways of the pulp. 10th ed. Mosby Elsevier; 2010. p504-528.
Web site	8. International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT). The dental trauma guide [Internet]. IADT; 2014 [cited June 10, 2021]. Available from: https://dentaltraumaguide.org
Corporate publication	9. ISO-Standards ISO 4287 Geometrical Product Specifications Surface texture. Profile method: terms, definitions and surface texture parameters. 1st ed. Geneve: International Organization for Standardization; 1997. p1-25.

• Tables: Tables should be included in the text so that they may be edited if necessary. The title of each table should be placed on the top. The first letter of the first word should be capitalized. All abbreviations should be explained in each table. Footnotes should be indicated in superscript as ^{a), b), c),} and so on.

• Figures: Illustrations must be submitted in electronic format with file sizes appropriate for publication. Figures should be submitted as .tif or .jpg files. PowerPoint files are not accepted. All images should be at least 300 dpi and 5 × 5 cm in size, with 500 dpi recommended. If the figures represent a series of related content, it is recommended to present them as panels (A, B, C...) within a single figure. Figure legends should be included as text so that they be edited if necessary. All abbreviations should be explained in each figure. Microscopic images should include the staining method and magnification (e.g., hematoxylin and eosin stain, ×400). Figures may use arrows, arrowheads, asterisks, circles, or other indicators as needed for clarity, with each indicated element described in the figure legends.

• Other types of articles

• - Review articles: Review articles should be divided into Introduction, Review, and Conclusions. The Introduction section should focus on placing the subject matter in context and justifying the need for the review. The Review section should be divided into logical sub-sections in order to improve readability and enhance understanding. Search strategies must be described and the use of state-of-the-art evidence-based systematic approaches is expected. The use of tabulated and illustrative material is encouraged. The Conclusion section should reach clear conclusions and/or recommendations on the basis of the evidence presented. If a review includes a meta-analysis as part of a systematic review, it should be submitted as a research article.
• - Case reports: Case reports should be divided into Introduction, Case Report(s), Discussion, and Conclusions. They should be well illustrated with clinical images, radiographs, diagrams, and where appropriate, supporting tables and graphs. However, all illustrations must be of the highest quality.
• - Comments for the Reader's forum: Reader's forum will present various questions, suggestions, and critiques on the subjects of operative dentistry, restorative dentistry, and endodontics from the readers.

Manuscript Files Accepted

• Final version: After a paper has been accepted for publication, the author(s) should submit the final version of the manuscript. The names and affiliations of authors should be double-checked, and if the originally submitted image files were of poor resolution, higher-resolution image files should be submitted at this time. Illustrations must be submitted in electronic format with file sizes appropriate for publication. All images should be at least 300 dpi and 5 × 5 cm in size, with 500 dpi recommended. Symbols (e.g., circles, triangles, squares), letters (e.g., words, abbreviations), and numbers should be large enough to be legible on reduction to the journal’s column widths. All symbols must be defined in the figure caption. When submitted as separate files, name of the author, and illustration number should be stated in the file name. If references, tables, or figures are moved, added, or deleted during the revision process, renumber them to reflect such changes so that all tables, references, and figures are cited in numeric order.

• Errata and Corrigenda: To correct errors in published articles, the corresponding author should contact the journal’s Editorial Office with a detailed description of the proposed correction. Corrections that profoundly affect the interpretation or conclusions of the article will be reviewed by the editors. Corrections will be published as corrigenda (corrections of author’s errors) or errata (corrections of publisher’s errors) in a later issue of the journal.

Contacting the Journal

Editorial assistant: Hye-Young Lee
RDE editorial office
The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry
B163, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
Tel: +82-2-763-3818, Fax: +82-2-763-3819, E-mail: editor@rde.ac

History of the Recommendations

Enacted in March 2, 2012
Modified: August 4, 2023
Last modified: November 4, 2024