Analysis of para-chloroaniline after chemical interaction between alexidine and sodium hypochlorite using mass spectrometry: A preliminary study

Hyeon-Sik Kim; Seung-Hyun Han; Soram Oh; Sang-Min Lim; Yu Gu; Kee-Yeon Kum

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.4.295

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Basic Research Analysis of para-chloroaniline after chemical interaction between alexidine and sodium hypochlorite using mass spectrometry: A preliminary study: Hyeon-Sik Kim¹, Seung-Hyun Han^2,3,4, Soram Oh¹, Sang-Min Lim¹, Yu Gu^1,3,4, Kee-Yeon Kum^1,3,4; Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2010;35(4):295-301.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.4.295
Published online: July 31, 2010

¹Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

²Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

³Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

⁴BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Kee-Yeon Kum. Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, and BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 25-9 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-749, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2072-2651 Fax: +82-2-2072-3859, kum6139@snu.ac.kr

• Received: June 29, 2010 • Revised: July 7, 2010 • Accepted: July 7, 2010

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Abstract
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Abstract

The purposes of this study were firstly to investigate the any formation of precipitate after interaction between ALX and NaOCL and secondarily to analyze the PCA formation by using time of flight secondary ion mass (TOF-SIM) spectrometry. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed for the mixture of 0.5% ALX and 5.25% NaOCl. As controls, 2.5% CHX with 5.25% NaOCl and 1% PCA solutions were used. Any formation of precipitates in 10 tested solutions was evaluated by naked eye. Results of mass spectrum showed that the typical peak of PCA was not detected in mixed solution of ALX and NaOCl, whereas CHX/NaOCl mixture showed the same peak that found in the PCA spectrum. Precipitate formation was only observed in CHX/NaOCL mixture. The present TOF-SIM spectrometry results indicated that ALX can be a useful root canal irrigant combined with NaOCl during canal instrumentation. Further study is necessary to confirm the antimicrobial effect of ALX against endodontic pathogen before its clinical application as an endodontic irrigant.
Keywords: Alexidine; Chemical interaction; Mass spectrometry; Para-chloroaniline; Sodium hypochlorite

ARTICLE INFORMATION

※This study was supported by the grants from the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) (No.2009-0086835), Republic of Korea.

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Figure 1

Analysis of color change and precipitate of 10 tested solutions: Microtube number #1-3(a): negative controls. No precipitation was observed. Microtube number #4-5(b): positive controls. Brown precipitate was formed in NaOCl/CHX mixture (b, right), but no reaction precipitate was formed in the ALX/NaOCl mixtures (microtube number #6-10).

Figure 2

Mass spectrometry clearly showed the peak 128, which is the molecular weight of PCA.

Figure 3

Detailed analysis of the peak 128 area in PCA spectrum shown figure 1. 110.93 and 93.0548 peaks show dissociation of NH3 or chlorine ion from PCA.

Figure 4

Mass spectrum showing the molecular peaks of alexidine and its derivatives.

Figure 5

Mass spectrum of alexidine showing detailed analysis of the peak 545 area in figure 3.

Figure 6

Mass spectrum of mixed solutions of NaOCl and ALX. The specific 128 peak of PCA is not observed.

Figure 7

Molecular formula of PCA (a), ALX (b), and CHX (c). CHX contains phenol ring, ammonia and chlorine which are components of PCA. However, ALX does not consist of phenol ring.

Table 1

Composition and preparation of 6 test solutions for mass spectroscopy

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Analysis of para-chloroaniline after chemical interaction between alexidine and sodium hypochlorite using mass spectrometry: A preliminary study

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2010;35(4):295-301. Published online July 31, 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.4.295

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Figure

Analysis of para-chloroaniline after chemical interaction between alexidine and sodium hypochlorite using mass spectrometry: A preliminary study

Figure 1 Analysis of color change and precipitate of 10 tested solutions: Microtube number #1-3(a): negative controls. No precipitation was observed. Microtube number #4-5(b): positive controls. Brown precipitate was formed in NaOCl/CHX mixture (b, right), but no reaction precipitate was formed in the ALX/NaOCl mixtures (microtube number #6-10).

Figure 2 Mass spectrometry clearly showed the peak 128, which is the molecular weight of PCA.

Figure 3 Detailed analysis of the peak 128 area in PCA spectrum shown figure 1. 110.93 and 93.0548 peaks show dissociation of NH3 or chlorine ion from PCA.

Figure 4 Mass spectrum showing the molecular peaks of alexidine and its derivatives.

Figure 5 Mass spectrum of alexidine showing detailed analysis of the peak 545 area in figure 3.

Figure 6 Mass spectrum of mixed solutions of NaOCl and ALX. The specific 128 peak of PCA is not observed.

Figure 7 Molecular formula of PCA (a), ALX (b), and CHX (c). CHX contains phenol ring, ammonia and chlorine which are components of PCA. However, ALX does not consist of phenol ring.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Analysis of para-chloroaniline after chemical interaction between alexidine and sodium hypochlorite using mass spectrometry: A preliminary study

Table 1

Composition and preparation of 6 test solutions for mass spectroscopy

Table 1 Composition and preparation of 6 test solutions for mass spectroscopy