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CBCT study of mandibular first molars with a distolingual root in Koreans
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Hee-Ho Kim, Hyoung-Hoon Jo, Jeong-Bum Min, Ho-Keel Hwang
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Restor Dent Endod 2018;43(3):e33. Published online July 30, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2018.43.e33
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Abstract
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- Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of a separate distolingual root and to measure the thickness of the buccal cortical bone in mandibular first molars in Koreans using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and MethodsHigh-quality CBCT data from 432 patients were analyzed in this study. The prevalence of a separate distolingual root of the mandibular first molar was investigated. The distance from the distobuccal and distolingual root apices to the outer surface of the buccal cortical bone was measured. We also evaluated the thickness of the buccal cortical bone. ResultsThe prevalence of a separate distolingual root (2 separate distal roots with 1 canal in each root; 2R2C) was 23.26%. In mandibular first molars with 2R2C, the distance from the distobuccal root apex to the outer surface of the buccal cortical bone was 5.51 mm. Furthermore, the distance from the distolingual root apex to the outer surface of the buccal cortical bone was 12.09 mm. In mandibular first molars with 2R2C morphology, the thickness of the buccal cortical bone at the distobuccal root apex of the mandibular first molar was 3.30 mm. The buccal cortical bone at the distobuccal root apex was significantly thicker in the right side (3.38 mm) than the left side (3.09 mm) (p < 0.05). ConclusionsA separate distolingual root is not rare in mandibular first molars in the Korean population. Anatomic and morphologic knowledge of the mandibular first molar can be useful in treatment planning, including surgical endodontic treatment.
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Citations
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- Radix molaris is a hidden truth of mandibular first permanent molars: A descriptive- analytic study using cone beam computed tomography
Mohammed A. Alobaid, Saurabh Chaturvedi, Ebtihal Mobarak S. Alshahrani, Ebtsam M. Alshehri, Amal S. Shaiban, Mohamed Khaled Addas, Giuseppe Minervini Technology and Health Care.2023; 31(5): 1957. CrossRef - Prevalence of radix entomolaris in India and its comparison with the rest of the world
Sumit MOHAN, Jyoti THAKUR Minerva Dental and Oral Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - A critical analysis of laboratory and clinical research methods to study root and canal anatomy
Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed International Endodontic Journal.2022; 55(S2): 229. CrossRef - Three-Rooted Permanent Mandibular First Molars: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence
Nyan M. Aung, Kyaw K. Myint, Luca Testarelli International Journal of Dentistry.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef - Reproducibilidad en el diagnóstico imagenológico de periodontitis apical a partir de CBCT
Sandra Milena Buitrago Rojas, Yeny Zulay Castellanos Dominguez, Jhonny Alexander Contreras Vargas, Yosdi Tomás Solano Diaz, Eder Fabián Gutierrez Argote Acta Odontológica Colombiana.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Assessment of Root and Root Canal Morphology of Human Primary Molars using CBCT
Yoomin Choi, Seonmi Kim, Namki Choi THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY.2020; 47(1): 25. CrossRef - The prevalence of radix molaris in the mandibular first molars of a Saudi subpopulation based on cone-beam computed tomography
Hassan AL-Alawi, Saad Al-Nazhan, Nassr Al-Maflehi, Mazen A. Aldosimani, Mohammed Nabil Zahid, Ghadeer N. Shihabi Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Preferred Reporting Items for Epidemiologic Cross-sectional Studies on Root and Root Canal Anatomy Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Technology: A Systematized Assessment
Jorge N.R. Martins, Anil Kishen, Duarte Marques, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, João Caramês, António Mata, Marco A. Versiani Journal of Endodontics.2020; 46(7): 915. CrossRef - Evaluation of roots and canal systems of mandibular first molars in a vietnamese subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography
KhoaVan Pham, AnhHoang Lan Le Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.2019; 9(4): 356. CrossRef
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Analysis of C-shaped root canal configuration in maxillary molars in a Korean population using cone-beam computed tomography
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Hyoung-Hoon Jo, Jeong-Bum Min, Ho-Keel Hwang
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Restor Dent Endod 2016;41(1):55-62. Published online January 29, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2016.41.1.55
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Abstract
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- Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of root fusion and C-shaped root canals in maxillary molars, and to classify the types of C-shaped canal by analyzing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a Korean population. Materials and MethodsDigitized CBCT images from 911 subjects were obtained in Chosun University Dental Hospital between February 2010 and July 2012 for orthodontic treatment. Among them, a total of selected 3,553 data of maxillary molars were analyzed retrospectively. Tomography sections in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes were displayed by PiViewstar and Rapidia MPR software (Infinitt Co.). The incidence and types of root fusion and C-shaped root canals were evaluated and the incidence between the first and the second molar was compared using Chi-square test. ResultsRoot fusion was present in 3.2% of the first molars and 19.5% of the second molars, and fusion of mesiobuccal and palatal root was dominant. C-shaped root canals were present in 0.8% of the first molars and 2.7% of the second molars. The frequency of root fusion and C-shaped canal was significantly higher in the second molar than the first molar (p < 0.001). ConclusionsIn a Korean population, maxillary molars showed total 11.3% of root fusion and 1.8% of C-shaped root canals. Furthermore, root fusion and C-shaped root canals were seen more frequently in the maxillary second molars.
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- A Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of C‐Shaped Canal Configuration in Maxillary Molars Among an Iranian Population
Nafiseh Nikkerdar, Mohammad Moslehi, Amin Golshah, Mario Dioguardi International Journal of Dentistry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Endodontic treatment of a C‐shaped mandibular second molar with narrow dentinal thickness: A case report
Mina Mehrjouei, Hamid Jafarzadeh, Pourya Esmaeelpour, Maryam Khorasanchi Clinical Case Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Evaluation of 2- and 3-dimensional anatomic parameters of C-shaped root canals with cone beam computed tomography, microcomputed tomography, and nanocomputed tomography
Miguel Angel Ventura Molina, Giovane Oliveira Silva, Amanda Pelegrin Candemil, Rafael Verardino de Camargo, Ruben Pauwels, Reinhilde Jacobs, Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto, Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology.2023; 136(6): 759. CrossRef - Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Analysis of an Unusual Configuration of the Upper First Molar With a C-shaped Canal With Apically Fused Roots: A Case Report
Kapil D Wahane, Anand V Bansod, Sudha mattigatti, Rushikesh Mahaparale, Yuvraj B Rote, Mayur B Wanjari Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Assessment of C-Shaped Canal Morphology in Mandibular and Maxillary Second Molars in an Iraqi Subpopulation Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Kazhan Abdalrahman, Ranjdar Talabani, Sara Kazzaz, Dlsoz Babarasul, Berndt Koslowski Scanning.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef - Root and canal-specific features of maxillary first molars with fused roots
Katarina Beljic-Ivanovic, Branislav Karadzic Vojnosanitetski pregled.2022; 79(11): 1092. CrossRef - Diagnosis and treatment of maxillary molar with abnormality
Kkot-Byeol Bae, Bin-Na Lee, Hoon-Sang Chang, In-Nam Hwang, Won-Mann Oh, Yun-Chan Hwang Oral Biology Research.2022; 46(4): 195. CrossRef - Endodontic treatment of the maxillary first molar with palatal canal variations: A case report and review of literature
Kai Chen, Xing Ran, Yan Wang World Journal of Clinical Cases.2022; 10(32): 12036. CrossRef - Evaluation of C-shaped canals in maxillary molars in a Chinese population using CBCT
Yuyan Qian, Yamei Li, Jukun Song, Ping Zhang, Zhu Chen BMC Medical Imaging.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Comprehensive evaluation of root and root canal morphology of mandibular second molars in a Saudi subpopulation evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography
Moazzy I. Almansour, Saad M. Al‑Zubaidi, Abdulmjeed S. Enizy, Ahmed A. Madfa BMC Oral Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Evaluation of C-shaped canal configuration in maxillary molars: A retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study
Emre KÖSE, Rüya AK Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences.2021; 11(3): 444. CrossRef - Maxillary First Molars with Two Palatal Root Canals
Kun-Hwa Sung, Ho-Keel Hwang, Hyoung-Hoon Jo, Konstantinos Michalakis Case Reports in Dentistry.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef - Preferred Reporting Items for Epidemiologic Cross-sectional Studies on Root and Root Canal Anatomy Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Technology: A Systematized Assessment
Jorge N.R. Martins, Anil Kishen, Duarte Marques, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, João Caramês, António Mata, Marco A. Versiani Journal of Endodontics.2020; 46(7): 915. CrossRef - Evaluation of root and root canal morphology of elderly Korean patients maxillary molars using cone-beam computed tomography
Tae-Yong Lee, Mi-Yeon Kim, Sun-Ho Kim, Jeong-Hee Kim The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics.2020; 58(2): 95. CrossRef - Second mesiobuccal root canal in maxillary molars—A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies using cone beam computed tomography
Jorge N.R. Martins, Duarte Marques, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, João Caramês, António Mata, Marco A. Versiani Archives of Oral Biology.2020; 113: 104589. CrossRef - Prevalência estimada de canais “C- Shaped”: Uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise
Natália Pereira da Silva Falcão, Sandro Junio de Oliveira Tavares, Ludmila Silva Guimarães, Katherine Azevedo Batistela Rodrigues Thuller, Leonardo dos Santos Antunes, Estefano Borgo Sarmento, Fellipe Navarro Azevedo de Azevedo, Cinthya Cristina Gomes, Ca Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento.2020; : 91. CrossRef - Evaluation of the internal anatomy of paramolar tubercles using cone-beam computed tomography
G. Colakoglu, I. Kaya Buyukbayram, M. A. Elcin, M. Kazak, H. Sezer Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy.2020; 42(1): 15. CrossRef - Analysis of Prevalence of Pyramidal Molars in Adolescent
Woojin Kwon, Hyung-Jun Choi, Jaeho Lee, Je Seon Song THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY.2020; 47(4): 389. CrossRef - Prevalence Studies on Root Canal Anatomy Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Imaging: A Systematic Review
Jorge N.R. Martins, Duarte Marques, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, João Caramês, Marco A. Versiani Journal of Endodontics.2019; 45(4): 372. CrossRef - Fused roots of maxillary molars: characterization and prevalence in a Latin American sub-population: a cone beam computed tomography study
Maytté Marcano-Caldera, Jose Luis Mejia-Cardona, María del Pilar Blanco-Uribe, Elena Carolina Chaverra-Mesa, Didier Rodríguez-Lezama, Jose Hernán Parra-Sánchez Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - An original micro‐CT study and meta‐analysis of the internal and external anatomy of maxillary molars—implications for endodontic treatment
Iwona M. Tomaszewska, Anna Jarzębska, Bendik Skinningsrud, Przemysław A. Pękala, Sebastian Wroński, Joe Iwanaga Clinical Anatomy.2018; 31(6): 838. CrossRef - A Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Study of Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary First and Second Permanent Molars in a Thai Population
Roserin Ratanajirasut, Anchana Panichuttra, Soontra Panmekiate Journal of Endodontics.2018; 44(1): 56. CrossRef - Retrospective Assessment of Healing Outcome of Endodontic Treatment for Mandibular Molars with C-shaped Root Canal
Kishore Kumar Majety, Basanta Kumar Choudhury, Anika Bansal, Achla Sethi, Jaina Panjabi The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2017; 18(7): 591. CrossRef - The morphology of maxillary first and second molars analyzed by cone-beam computed tomography in a polish population
Katarzyna Olczak, Halina Pawlicka BMC Medical Imaging.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
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Apical foramen morphology according to the length of merged canal at the apex
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Hee-Ho Kim, Jeong-Bum Min, Ho-Keel Hwang
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Restor Dent Endod 2013;38(1):26-30. Published online February 26, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2013.38.1.26
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Abstract
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- Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the apical foramen morphology and the length of merged canal at the apex in type II root canal system. Materials and MethodsThis study included intact extracted maxillary and mandibular human premolars (n = 20) with fully formed roots without any visible signs of external resorption. The root segments were obtained by removing the crown 1 mm beneath the cementum-enamel junction (CEJ) using a rotary diamond disk. The distance between the file tip and merged point of joining two canals was defined as Lj. The roots were carefully sectioned at 1 mm from the apex by a slow-speed water-cooled diamond saw. All cross sections were examined under the microscope at ×50 magnification and photographed to estimate the shape of the apical foramen. The longest and the shortest diameter of apical foramen was measured using ImageJ program (1.44p, National Institutes of Health). Correlation coefficient was calculated to identify the link between Lj and the apical foramen shape by Pearson's correlation. ResultsThe average value of Lj was 3.74 mm. The average of proportion (P), estimated by dividing the longest diameter into the shortest diameter of the apical foramen, was 3.64. This study showed a significant negative correlation between P and Lj (p < 0.05). ConclusionsAs Lj gets longer, the apical foramen becomes more ovally shaped. Likewise, as it gets shorter, the apical foramen becomes more flat shaped.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Mandibular first premolar apical morphology: A stereomicroscopic study
Lama Awawdeh, Mousa Abu Fadaleh, Aladdin Al‐Qudah Australian Endodontic Journal.2019; 45(2): 233. CrossRef - Surgical endodontic management of infected lateral canals of maxillary incisors
Ji-Hyun Jang, Jung-Min Lee, Jin-Kyu Yi, Sung-Baik Choi, Sang-Hyuk Park Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2015; 40(1): 79. CrossRef
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An evaluation of canal curvature at the apical one third in type II mesial canals of mandibular molars
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Hye-Rim Yun, Dong-Kyun Lee, Ho-Keel Hwang
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Restor Dent Endod 2012;37(2):104-109. Published online May 18, 2012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2012.37.2.104
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Abstract
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Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the buccolingual curvature at the apical one third in type II mesial canals of mandibular molars using the radius and angle of curvature.
Materials and Methods
Total 100 mandibular molars were selected. Following an endodontic access in the teeth, their distal roots were removed. #15 H- or K-files (Dentsply Maillefer) were inserted into the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals of the teeth. Radiographs of the teeth were taken for the proximal view. Among them, type II canals were selected and divided into two subgroups, IIa and IIb. In type IIa, two separate canals merged into one canal before reaching the apex and in type IIb, two separate canals merged into one canal within the apical foramen. The radius and angle of curvature of specimens were examined.
Results
In type II, mean radius of curvature in mesiolingual and mesiobuccal canals were 2.82 mm and 3.58 mm, respectively. The radius of the curvature of mesiolingual canals were significantly smaller than that of mesiobuccal canals in type II, and especially in type IIa. However, there were no statistically significant differences in radius of curvature between mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals in type IIb and there were no significant differences in angle of curvature between type IIa and IIb.
Conclusion
In this study, type II mesial canals of mandibular molars showed severe curvature in the proximal view. Especially, mesiolingual canals of type IIa had more abrupt curvature than mesiobuccal canals at the apical one third.
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An evaluation of the accuracy of Root ZX according to the conditions of major apical foramen
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Shin-Young Park, Dong-Kyun Lee, Ho-Keel Hwang
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Restor Dent Endod 2012;37(2):68-73. Published online May 18, 2012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2012.37.2.68
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Abstract
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Objectives
The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of Root ZX (J. Morita Corp.) according to the location of major foramen and open apex.
Materials and Methods
81 mandibular premolars with mature apices were selected. After access preparation, 27 teeth were instrumented to simulate open apices. 54 teeth were classified according to location of major foramen under surgical microscope (×16). The file was fixed at the location of apical constriction by Root ZX using glass ionomer cement. The apical 4 mm of the apex was exposed and photo was taken and the distance from file tip to the major foramen was measured by calibrating metal ruler on graph paper. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Scheffe test at p < 0.05 level.
Results
Mean distance from file tip to major foramen was 0.308 mm in Tip foramen group (I), 0.519 mm in Lateral foramen group (II) and 0.932 mm in open apex group (III). Root ZX located apical constriction accurately within ± 0.5 mm in group I of 85.71%, in group II of 59.09%, and in group III of 33.33%. There was a statistically significant difference between group I and III (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Root ZX located apical constriction accurately regardless of location of major foramen. However, Root ZX couldn't find it in open apex. Clinicians have to use a combination of methods to determine an appropriate working length at open apex. It may be more successful than relying on just electronic apex locator.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Effect of file size in measuring electronic working length of teeth with open apex
Ryeon Jin, Ju-Hee Jeong, A-Ra Cho, Hyoung-Hoon Jo Oral Biology Research.2022; 46(1): 36. CrossRef
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The Effect of canal obturation according to the depth of the System B Plugger tip in the Type IV canal
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Hee-Won Choi, Soo-Mee Kim, Ho-Keel Hwang
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J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2008;33(6):518-525. Published online November 30, 2008
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2008.33.6.518
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Abstract
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the apical sealing according to the depth of the System B Plugger tip when root canal was filled with gutta-percha and sealer by Continuous Wave of Condensation technique in the Type IV canal.
50 simulated resin blocks with J-shaped curvature canals were instrumented by ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballagiues, Switzerland) Ni-Ti files using the crown-down technique. Type IV canals were made using a broken ProTaper F3 Ni-Ti file for making a ledge at 3mm short from the working length. And ProTaper F1 Ni-Ti file was used for perforating resin block.
The prepared Type IV canals were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 15 each according to the depth of System B Plugger tip.
All of experimental groups were obturated with Continuous Wave of Condensation technique. The length of gutta-percha and sealer in lingual of the Type IV canals was measured with a measuring digital calliper under magnifying glass (× 2.3).
The results are as follows :
In control group, there was no gutta-percha and sealer in lingual canal.
3 mm group showed relatively more gutta-percha than 5mm or 7 mm group (p<0.05).
7 mm group did not showed gutta-percha and relatively more void were observed than 3mm or 5 mm group. (p<0.05)
In conclusion, within the limits of the results of this experiment, the 3 mm depth of System B Plugger tip was acceptable for obturating the Type IV canal.
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A comparison of master apical file size according to instrumentation in type II root canal
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Eun-Ju Jeong, Dong-Kyun Lee, Shin-Young Baek, Ho-Keel Hwang
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J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2008;33(5):435-442. Published online September 30, 2008
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2008.33.5.435
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Type II root canal was defined that two canals leave the chamber and merge to form a single canal at short of the apex. The aim of this study was to analyse the master apical file (MAF) size according to various instrumentation techniques in the type II root canal when each canal was enlarged to working length.
Eighty mesial roots of molar with ISO #15 initial apical file (IAF) size in type II root canals were randomly divided into four experimental groups with 20 teeth each. According to enlarging instruments, four groups are: K-FLEXOFILE® (KF), engine-driven Ni-Ti PROTAPER® (PT), HERO Shaper® (HS), K3 ™ (K3). All canals were enlarged to each working length with ISO #30 size: #30 in KF, F3 in PT, .04/30 in HS, and .06/30 in K3. The master apical file (MAF) size was confirmed by tactile sensation and universal testing machine (EZ test, Shimadzu Co., Kyoto, Japan). The mean MAF size was statistically compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test at the 0.05 probability level.
These results show that the MAF size was appeared one or two sizes larger than the final enlarging instrument when all canal in type II configuration were enlarged to each working length. Therefore, the clinician have to confirm the apical stop once more after instrumentation of type II root canal.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Apical foramen morphology according to the length of merged canal at the apex
Hee-Ho Kim, Jeong-Bum Min, Ho-Keel Hwang Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2013; 38(1): 26. CrossRef
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A study on the C-shaped root canal system of mandibular second molar
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Dong-Gyun Lee, Jun-Mo Park, Ho-Keel Hwang
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J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2007;32(4):335-342. Published online July 31, 2007
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.4.335
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C-shaped canals are known to present a complex canal anatomy with numerous fins connecting individual canals, thus requiring supplementary effort to accomplish a successful root canal treatment. This study examined the frequency of the C-shaped mandibular second molars and interrelation between the clinical records and radiographs to recognize them treated in the Department of Conservative Dentistry of the Chosun University Dental Hospital during a six-year period (1998 - 2004). This study reviewed the clinical records of 227 patients who underwent root canal treatment of the mandibular second molars. After opening the chamber, those cases with C-shaped orifices in the pulpal floor were selected, and the C-shaped root canal types were classified according to Melton's criteria. Three experienced dentists evaluated the radiographs of the C-shaped mandibular second molar on a viewer using a magnifying glass in order to determine if the root apex was fused or separated, the distal root canal was either centered or mesial shifted in the distal root, and if there was bilateral symmetry in a panorama. In conclusion, there is a high frequency of C-shaped mandibular second molars in Koreans. Simultaneous interpretation of the root shape and distal root canal using the preoperative, working length and post-treatment radiographs is important for diagnosing a C-shaped mandibular second molar.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- An evaluation of canal curvature at the apical one third in type II mesial canals of mandibular molars
Hye-Rim Yun, Dong-Kyun Lee, Ho-Keel Hwang Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(2): 104. CrossRef - A retrospective study on incidence of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars
Hee-Sun Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(4): 346. CrossRef
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Detection of methicillin or vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from dental hospital
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Jung-Hee Min, Soon-Nang Park, Ho-Keel Hwang, Jung-Beum Min, Hwa-Sook Kim, Joong-Ki Kook
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J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2007;32(2):102-110. Published online March 31, 2007
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.2.102
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The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic information for the improvement of dental environment by investigating the presence of methicillin- or vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA or VRSA) isolated from dental health care workers (DHCWs) and environment of the Chosun University Dental Hospital (CUDH) and a private dental clinic (control group). Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was isolated from anterior nares of 42 DHCWs and 38 sites, unit chairs, x-ray devices, computers, etc., at 10 departments of the CUDH and 20 DHCWs and 11 sites at the private dental clinic. S. aureus was isolated on mannitol salt agar plate and confirmed by PCR with S. aureus species-specific primer. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of clinical isolates of S. aureus against several antibiotics including methicillin (oxacillin) was performed by investigating minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using broth microdilution assay. In addition, PCR was performed to detect the methicillin- or vancomycin-resistant gene. The data showed that one strain of S. aureus was isolated from DHCWs of the CUDH and three strains of S. aureus was isolated from 3 samples of the private dental clinic, respectively. All of the isolates from the CUDH and the private dental clinic had resistance to penicillin G, amoxicillin and vancomycin and susceptibility to oxacillin and ciprofloxacin. The S. aureus strains were already obtained the resistance to penicillin G and amoxicillin. These results suggest that two dental clinics were under relatively safe environment.
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Citations
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- Survey of Staphylococcus epidermidis Contamination on the Hands of Dental Hygienists and Equipment Surface of Dental Clinics
Seol-Hee Kim Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2017; 17(6): 472. CrossRef - Antimicrobial susceptibility and pathogenic genes ofStaphylococcus aureusisolated from the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis
Ga-Yeon Kim, Chong Heon Lee Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science.2015; 45(6): 223. CrossRef - A Study Regarding Bacterial Contamination of Surfaces in Dental Offices
Kyoung-Ok Yun, Hye-Young Kim Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2015; 47(4): 279. CrossRef - A Study on Bacterial Concentrations in Dental Offices
Kyoung-Ok Yun, Hee-Jin Park, Bu-Soon Son Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2014; 40(6): 469. CrossRef
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Coincidence between radiographs and clearing samples on the root canal systems of single rooted premolars
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Ho-Keel Hwang, Ho-Min Kang, Kang Seo
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J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2005;30(6):461-469. Published online November 30, 2005
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2005.30.6.461
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The aim of this study was to compare the root canal systems of maxillary and mandibular premolars that had a single root using radiographs and clearing samples. 142 single rooted premolars were selected and mesio-distal and bucco-lingual views were radiographed using intra-oral dental standard films. Four equally trained examiners classify the root canal types from the developed radiographs. After opening the tooth for access, it was stored in 5% NaOCl to dissolve the pulp tissue. Indian ink was then injected into the pulp cavity to stain the pulp tissue. It was cleared in methyl salicylate after being decalcified with 5% nitric acid for 48 hours, and the root canal type was evaluated at a magnification of × 20 using a stereomicroscope.
The results are as follows;
There were statistically significant differences between the radiographs and clearing samples of the root canal types among examiners (p < 0.05). There might be differences in the root canal types among examiners when the same radiograph is used. Therefore, considering the difficulty in estimating the root canal types, clinicians need to be careful when interpreting radiographs before root canal therapy.
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An accuracy of the several electronic apex locators on the mesial root canal of the mandibular molar
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Young-Lin Cho, Wook-Hee Son, Ho-Keel Hwang
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J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2005;30(6):477-485. Published online November 30, 2005
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2005.30.6.477
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Abstract
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The aim of this study was to compare the length between the mesio-buccal and mesio-lingual canal of the mandibular molars before and after early coronal flaring at the different measuring time using several electronic apex locators. Fifty mandibular molars with complete apical formation and patent foramens were selected. After establishing the initial working length of the buccal and lingual canal of the mesial root using a surgical microscope (Carl Zeiss Co. Germany) at 25X with #15 K-file tip just visible at the foramen, radiographs were taken for the working length. After measuring the length of mesio-buccal and mesio-lingual canal (control group), the electronic lengths were measured at different times using several electronic apex locators (experimental groups; I-Root ZX, II-Bingo, III-Propex, IV-Diagnostic). After early coronal flaring using the K3 file, the additional electronic lengths were measured using the same manner.
The results were as follows: One canal has a correct working length for the mesial root of the mandibular molar, it can be used effectively for measuring the electronic working length of another canal when the files are superimposed or encountered at the apex. In addition, the accuracy of the electronic apex locators was increased as the measurement was accomplished after the early coronal flaring of the root canal and the measuring time was repeated.
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- An evaluation of the accuracy of Root ZX according to the conditions of major apical foramen
Shin-Young Park, Dong-Kyun Lee, Ho-Keel Hwang Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(2): 68. CrossRef - Study of endodontic working length of Korean posterior teeth
Jeong-Yeob Kim, Sang-Hoon Lee, Gwang-Hee Lee, Sang-Hyuk Park Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(6): 429. CrossRef
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Isolation and identification of bacteria from the root canal of the teeth diagnosed as the acute pulpitis and acute periapical abscess
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Yeon-Jae Lee, Mi-Kwang Kim, Ho-Keel Hwang, Joong-Ki Kook
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J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2005;30(5):409-422. Published online September 30, 2005
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2005.30.5.409
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Abstract
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The aim of this study was to identify the bacteria isolated from acute endodontic lesions by cell culture and 16S rDNA sequencing. The necrotic pulpal tissue was collected from 17 infected root canals, which were diagnosed as being either an acute pulpitis or acute periapical abscess. Samples were collected aseptically from the infected pulpal tissue of the infected root canals using a barbed broach and a paper point. The cut barbed broaches and paper points were transferred to an eppendorf tube containing 500 ul of 1 X PBS. The sample solution was briefly mixed and plated onto a BHI-agar plate containing 5% sheep blood. The agar plates were incubated in a 37℃ anaerobic chamber for 7 days. The bacteria growing on the agar plate were identified by 16S rRNA coding gene (rDNA) cloning and sequencing at the species level. Among the 71 colonies grown on the agar plates, 56 strains survived and were identified. In dental caries involving the root canals, Streptococcus spp. were mainly isolated. Actinomyces, Clostridia, Bacteroides and Fusobacteria were isolated in the periapical lesion without dental caries. Interestingly, two new Actinomyces spp. (ChDC B639 and ChDC B631) were isolated in this study. These results showed that there was diversity among the species in endodontic lesions. This suggests that an endodontic infection is a mixed infection with a polymicrobial etiology. These results may offer the bacterial strains for pathogenesis studies related to an endodontic infection.
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- Microorganism penetration in dentinal tubules of instrumented and retreated root canal walls.In vitroSEM study
Saad Al-Nazhan, Alaa Al-Sulaiman, Fellwa Al-Rasheed, Fatimah Alnajjar, Bander Al-Abdulwahab, Abdulhakeem Al-Badah Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2014; 39(4): 258. CrossRef - Microbial profile of asymptomatic and symptomatic teeth with primary endodontic infections by pyrosequencing
Sang-Min Lim, Tae-Kwon Lee, Eun-Jeong Kim, Jun-Hong Park, Yoon Lee, Kwang-Shik Bae, Kee-Yeon Kum Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2011; 36(6): 498. CrossRef
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A comparison of the length between mesio-buccal and mesio-lingual canals of the mandibular molar
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Seul-Hee Park, Bong-Hwan Noh, Ho-Keel Hwang
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J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2004;29(6):541-547. Published online November 30, 2004
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.6.541
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Abstract
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The aim of this study was to compare the initial apical file (IAF) length between the mesio-buccanl and mesio-lingual canals of the mandibular molar before and after early coronal flaring. Fifty mandibular molars with complete apical formation and patent foramens were selected. After establishing the initial working length of the buccal and lingual canal of the mesial root using the Root-ZX, radiographs were taken for the working length with a 0.5 mm short of #15 K-file tip just visible at the foramen under a surgical microscope (OPMI 1-FC, Carl Zeiss Co. Germany) at 25X. After early coronal flaring using the K3 file, additional radiographs were taken using the same procedure. The root canal morphology and the difference in working length between the buccal and lingual canals were evaluated.
These results show that the difference in the length between the mesio-buccal and mesio-lingual canals of the mandibular molar was ≤ 0.5 mm. If one canal has a correct working length for the mesial root of the mandibular molar, it can be used effectively for measuring the working length of another canal when the files are superimposed or loosening. In addition, the measured the working length after early coronal flaring is much more reasonable because the difference in the length between the mesio-buccal and mesio-lingual canals can be reduced.
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Citations
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- Study of endodontic working length of Korean posterior teeth
Jeong-Yeob Kim, Sang-Hoon Lee, Gwang-Hee Lee, Sang-Hyuk Park Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(6): 429. CrossRef
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Antibiotic susceptibility in mutans streptococci and Streptococcus anginosus isolated from dental plaque
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Joong-Ki Kook, Sang-Soo Lim, So Young Yoo, Ho-Keel Hwang
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J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2004;29(5):462-469. Published online September 30, 2004
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.5.462
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Abstract
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The aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of mutans streptococci (S. mutans and S. sobrinus) and Streptococcus anginosus, for seven antibiotics, penicillin G, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, erythromycin, bacitracin, and vancomycin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of seven antibiotics against 3 species (type strains) of mutans streptococci and S. anginosus, 10 strains (wild type) of S. mutans, 7 strains (wild type) of S. sobrinus, and 11 strains (wild type) of S. anginosus, were measured by broth dilution method. All of the type strains of mutans streptococci and S. anginosus had the same susceptibility for penicillin G, amoxicillin, cefuroxime and bacitracin. Type strain of S. anginosus was sensitive in ciprofloxacin, but those of mutans streptococci were not. All of the clinical isolates of mutans streptococci and S. anginosus had the same susceptibility for the seven antibiotics. Our data reveal that mutans streptococci and S. anginosus have similar antibiotic-resistant character. In addition, these results may offer the basic data to verify the antibiotic-resistant mechanism of mutans streptococci and S. anginosus.
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THE EFFECT OF GUTTA-PERCHA REMOVAL USING NICKEL-TITANIUM ROTARY INSTRUMENTS
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Jeong-Hun Jeon, Jeong-Beom Min, Ho-Keel Hwang
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J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2004;29(3):212-218. Published online January 14, 2004
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.3.212
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Abstract
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- ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to quantify the amount of remaining gutta-percha/sealer on the walls of root canals when three types of nickel-titanium rotary instruments(Profile, ProTaper and K3) and a hand instrument(Hedstrom file) used to remove these materials.
The results of this study were as follows:
In the total time for gutta-percha removal, Profile group was the fastest and followed by K3, Protaper, Hedstrom file group.
In case of the evaluation of the volume of remained gutta-percha from radiograph, K3 group got the highest score and followed by Protaper, Hedstrom file, Profile group in the apical 1/3.
In case of the evaluation of the volume of gutta-percha remained from stereomicroscope, K3 group got the highest score and followed by Protaper, Hedstrom file, Profile group in the apical 1/3.
These results showed that instrumentation using nickel-titanium rotary instrument groups was faster than that using hand instrument group. The effect of gutta-percha removal using Profile group was better than that using Protaper and K3 group in the nickel-titanium rotary instrument groups.
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The effect of early coronal flaring about apical extrusion of debris
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Min-Kyung Kim, Jeong-Beom Min, Ho-Keel Hwang
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J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2004;29(2):147-152. Published online March 31, 2004
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.2.147
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Abstract
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the quantity of debris which was extruded apically after canal instrumentation using different types of enlarging instrument in endodontic resin models.
Five groups of 9 endodontic resin models were instrumented using each different technique: hand instrumentation without early coronal flaring, hand instrumentation after early coronal flaring, and three nickel-titanium engine-driven instrumentations (Hero 642, Protaper, K3). Debris extruded from apical foramen during instrumentation was collected on preweighed CBC bottle, desiccated and weighted using electronic balance. The results were analyzed using Kruskal-wallis test and Mann-Whitney U rank sum test at a significance level of 0.05.
The results were as follows:
All of instrumentation techniques produced apically extruded debris.
Group without early coronal flaring extruded significant more debris than groups with early coronal flaring.
There was no significant difference among early coronal flaring groups.
The early coronal flaring is very important to reduce the amount of debris extruded apically.
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Identification of putative pathogens in acute endodontic infections by PCR based on 16S rDNA
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Jee-Hoon Kim, So Young Yoo, Sun-A Lim, Joong-Ki Kook, Sang-Soo Lim, Seul-Hee Park, Ho-Keel Hwang
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J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2003;28(2):178-183. Published online March 31, 2003
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2003.28.2.178
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Abstract
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of 7 putative pathogens in endodontic infections. The specimens were collected from infected pulpal tissue of patients who were referred for root canal treatment to the department of conservative dentistry, Chosun University. Samples were collected aseptically using a barbed broach and a paper point. The cut barbed broaches and paper points were transferred to an eppendorf tube containing 500 ml of 1 X PBS. DNAs were extracted from the samples by direct DNA extraction method using lysis buffer (0.5% EDTA, 1% Triton X-100). Identification of 7 putative pathogens was performed by PCR based on 16S rDNA. The target species were as follows: Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Bacteroides forsythus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Treponema denticola. Our data revealed that the prevalence of P. endodontalis was found in 88.6% (39/54), P. gingivalis 52.3% (23/44), P. nigrescens 18.2% (8/44), P. intermedia 15.9% (7/44), B. forsythus 18.2% (8/44), A. actinomycetemcomitans 2.3% (1/44), T. denticola 25% (11/44) of the samples. The high prevalence of P. endodontalis and P. gingivalis suggests that they may play an important role in the etiology of endodontic infections.
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The analysis of initial apical file size before and after coronal flaring
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Ho-Keel Hwang, Chan-Ho Park, Seong-Chul Bae
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J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2003;28(1):64-71. Published online January 31, 2003
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2003.28.1.064
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Abstract
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The purpose of this study was to compare the initial apical file(IAF) first file that fits to the apex in each canal before and after early flaring to analyze if the size of file to fit to the apex would increase after flaring. Eighty anterior teeth with complete apical formation and patent foramens were selected. The samples were randomly divided into 4 groups(GG, OS, GT, PT Group) of 20 teeth each. A file was fit to the apex in each canal and that size recorded. Radicular flaring were completed using different types of instruments. After flaring a file was again fit to the apex in the same manner as before and its size recorded.
The results of this study were as follows:
1. The mean diameter of IAF before flaring(file diameters in mm×10-2) was 19.81±8.32 before and 25.94±9.21 after(p<0.05).
2. The increase in diameter of IAF was approximately one file size for all groups.
3. Ranking of increasing diameter of IAF were GG>GT>OS>PT group. There was a statistically significant difference between before and after flaring(p<0.05).
4. Ranking of the time for flaring were GG>GT>OS>PT group. There was a statistically significant difference between GG group and other groups(p<0.05).
5. In the case without change of IAF diameter, they showed decrease in force after flaring when IAF was pulled out from root canal(p<0.05).
This study suggested that early radicular flaring increases the file size that is snug at the apex, and awareness of that difference gives the clinician a better sense of canal size. Early flaring of the canal provides better apical size information and with this awareness, a better decision can be made concerning the appropriate final diameter needed for complete apical shaping.
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The irrigating effect before and after coronal flaring
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Ho-Keel Hwang, Seong-Chul Bae, Young-Lin Cho
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J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2003;28(1):72-79. Published online January 31, 2003
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2003.28.1.072
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Abstract
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The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of a Ca(OH)2 removal before and after early coronal flaring using different types of instruments. 100 plastic blocks with 30° artificial curved canals were used in this study and randomly divided into a control group and 4 experimental groups(GG, OS, GT, PT Group) 20 teeth each. The canals were instrumented, and Ca(OH)2 was temporary filled into the each canal. Irrigation was performed with Max-i-Probe 25-, 30-gauge probes before and after recapitulation.
The results of this study were as follows:
1. There were no significant difference among the groups in size of irrigating needle(p<0.05).
2. There was a significant difference between before and after recapitulation regardless size of irrigating needle(p<0.05).
3. Before recapitulation, there was a significant difference between 25- and 30-gauge needle in all groups(p<0.05).
4. After recapitulation, there was a significant difference between 25- and 30-gauge needle in the control group(p<0.05). But there were no significant difference among the experimental groups.
It is concluded that the effectiveness of canal irrigation was decided to the depth of irrigating needle into the canal. The effect of canal irrigation tend to facilitate by the early coronal flaring. The recapitulation was the most effective during canal irrigation regardless the size of irrigating needle. Therefore, the recapitulation is a mandatory way to facilitate the effectiveness of canal irrigation during canal enlargement.
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Citations
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- In vitro evaluation of cleaning efficacy of various irrigation methods in mandibular molars
So-Young Lee, Won-Jun Son, WooCheol Lee, Kee-Yeon Kum, Kwang-Shik Bae, Seung-Ho Baek Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(3): 215. CrossRef - Evaluation ofEnterococcus faecalisremoval efficacy of the EndoVac® and EndoActivator® intracanal irrigation methods
Seung-Gon Song, Se-Hee Park, Kyung-Mo Cho, Jin-Woo Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(5): 390. CrossRef
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Comparative study on the apical sealing ability according to the obturation techniques
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Ho-Keel Hwang, Sun-Hee Park, Yeon-Jae Lee
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J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2002;27(3):290-298. Published online May 31, 2002
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2002.27.3.290
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Citations
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- Nanoleakage of apical sealing using a calcium silicate-based sealer according to canal drying methods
Yoon-Joo Lee, Kyung-Mo Cho, Se-Hee Park, Yoon Lee, Jin-Woo Kim Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Comparative Evaluation of Apical Sealing Ability of Different Obturation Techniques by Confocal Microscopy: An In Vitro Study
Reetu Arora, Yogesh Kumar, Neetu Jindal, Renu Aggarwal, Kavneet Takhar Dental Journal of Advance Studies.2020; 8(02): 55. CrossRef - Prognostic factors influencing clinical outcome of nonsurgical endodontic treatment
Seonah Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(6): 436. CrossRef - Microleakage of resilon by methacrylate-based sealer and self-adhesive resin cement
Sun-Young Ham, Jin-Woo Kim, Hye-Jin Shin, Kyung-Mo Cho, Se-Hee Park Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2008; 33(3): 204. CrossRef
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