An accuracy of the several electronic apex locators on the mesial root canal of the mandibular molar

Young-Lin Cho; Wook-Hee Son; Ho-Keel Hwang

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2005.30.6.477

Articles

Page Path: HOME > Restor Dent Endod > Volume 30(6); 2005 > Article

Original Article An accuracy of the several electronic apex locators on the mesial root canal of the mandibular molar: Young-Lin Cho, Wook-Hee Son, Ho-Keel Hwang; 2005;30(6):-485.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2005.30.6.477
Published online: November 30, 2005

Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Ho-Keel Hwang. Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Korea, 501-759. Tel: 82-62-220-3846, Fax: 82-62-232-9064, rootcanal@hanmail.net

• Received: July 11, 2005 • Revised: August 24, 2005 • Accepted: August 26, 2005

170 Views
0 Download
2 Crossref

prev next

Full Article

Download PDF

Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the length between the mesio-buccal and mesio-lingual canal of the mandibular molars before and after early coronal flaring at the different measuring time using several electronic apex locators. Fifty mandibular molars with complete apical formation and patent foramens were selected. After establishing the initial working length of the buccal and lingual canal of the mesial root using a surgical microscope (Carl Zeiss Co. Germany) at 25X with #15 K-file tip just visible at the foramen, radiographs were taken for the working length. After measuring the length of mesio-buccal and mesio-lingual canal (control group), the electronic lengths were measured at different times using several electronic apex locators (experimental groups; I-Root ZX, II-Bingo, III-Propex, IV-Diagnostic). After early coronal flaring using the K³ file, the additional electronic lengths were measured using the same manner.

The results were as follows: One canal has a correct working length for the mesial root of the mandibular molar, it can be used effectively for measuring the electronic working length of another canal when the files are superimposed or encountered at the apex. In addition, the accuracy of the electronic apex locators was increased as the measurement was accomplished after the early coronal flaring of the root canal and the measuring time was repeated.
Keywords: Electronic apex locators; Coronal flaring; Working length

Figure 1

The device for taking a standard radiograph at the same position.

Figure 2

Schematic drawing of experimental model.

Table 1

Group classification

B: Mesio-buccal root canal / L: Mesio-lingual root canal

Table 2

Average working length before and after coronal flaring at the different measuring times Unit: mm

B-L: Mesio-buccal length - Mesio-lingual length

^*Significantly different at p < 0.05 (paired t-test)

Table 3

An accuracy of electronic apex locators according to coronal flaring and mesuring time

^*Significantly different at p < 0.05 (paired t-test)

REFERENCES

1. Seltzer S, Bender I, Turkenkopf S. Factors affecting successful repair after RCT. J Am Dent Assoc. 1963;67: 651-662.PubMed
2. Seltzer S, Soltanoff W, Smith J. Periapical tissue reactions of root canal instrumentation beyond the apex. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1973;36: 725-737.PubMed
3. Sjogren U. Factors affecting the long-term results of endodontic treatment. J Endod. 1990;16: 498-504.Article PubMed
4. Strindberg L. The dependence of pulp therapy on certain factors: an analytic study based on radiographic and clinical follow-up examinations. Acta Odontol Scand. 1956;14: 1.
5. Swartz DB, Skidmore AE, Griffin JA Jr. Twenty years of endodontic success and failure. J Endod. 1983;9: 198-202.Article PubMed
6. Kuttler Y. Microcopic investigation of root apexes. J Am Dent Assoc. 1955;50: 544-552.PubMed
7. Altman M, Guttuso J, Seidberg BH, Langeland K. Apical root canal anatomy of human maxillary central incisors. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1970;30: 694-699.Article PubMed
8. Burch JG, Hulen S. The relationship of the apical foramen to the anatomic apex of the tooth root. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1972;34: 262-268.Article PubMed
9. Green D. A stereomicroscopic study of the root apices of 400 maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1956;9: 1224-1232.PubMed
10. Green D. Stereomicroscopic study of 700 root apices of maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1960;13: 728-733.Article PubMed
11. Goldman M, Pearson AH, Darzenta N. Reliability of radiographic interpretations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1974;38: 287-293.Article PubMed
12. Suzuki K. Experimental study on iontophoresis. J Jpn Stomatol. 1942;16: 411-417.
13. Sunada I. New method for measuring working lengths of root canal. J Dent Res. 1962;42: 375-378.
14. Huang L. An experimental study of the principle of electronic root canal measurement. J Endod. 1987;13: 60-64.Article PubMed
15. Seidberg BH, Alibrandi BV, Fine H, Logue B. Clinical investigation of measuring working lengths of root canals with an electronic device and with digital-tactile sense. J Am Dent Assoc. 1975;90: 379-387.Article PubMed
16. Fouad AF, Krell KV, McKendry DJ, Koorbusch GF, Olson RA. Clinical evaluation of five electronic root canal length measuring instruments. J Endod. 1990;16: 446-449.PubMed
17. Kobayashi C, Suda H. New Electronic canal length measuring device on the ratio method. J Endod. 1994;20: 111-114.PubMed
18. Shabahang S, Goon WWY, Gluskin AH. An in vivo Evaluation of Root ZX Electronic Apex Locator. J Endod. 1996;22: 616-618.Article PubMed
19. Caldwell JL. Change in working length following instrumentation of molar canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1976;41: 114-118.Article PubMed
20. Stabholz A, Rotstein I, Torabinejad M. Effect of pre-flaring on tactile detection of the apical constriction. J Endod. 1995;21: 92-94.Article PubMed
21. Gutierrez JH, Aguayo P. Apical foraminal openings in human teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995;79: 769-777.Article PubMed
22. Skidmore AE, Bjorndal AM. Root canal morphology of the human mandibular first molar. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1971;32: 778-784.Article PubMed
23. Pineda F, Kuttler Y. Mesiodistal and buccolingual roentgenographic investigation of 7225 root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1972;33: 101-110.PubMed
24. Green D. Morphology of the pulp cavity of the permanent teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1955;8: 743-759.Article PubMed
25. Wheeler RC. Dental Anatomy, Physiology and Occlusion. 1974;5th ed. W.B. Saunders Co; 267-297.
26. Woelfel JG, Scheid RC. Dental Anatomy. 2002;1st ed. philadelphia: Williams & Wilkins; 97-107.
27. Katz A, Tamse A, Kaufman AY. Tooth length determination: a review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1991;72: 238-242.PubMed
28. Seltzer S, Soltanoff W, Smith J. Biologic aspects of endodontics. V. Periapical tissue reactions to root canal instrumentation beyond the apex and root canal fillings short of and beyond the apex. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1973;36: 725-737.PubMed
29. Kim BH, Lee YK, Kim YS. A study on the accuracy of the ROOT-ZX in the canal with mechanically formed constriction. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 1999;24: 628-632.
30. Czerw RJ, Fulkerson MS, Donnelli JC. An in vitro test of simplified model to demonstrate the operation of electronic root canal measuring devices. J Endod. 1994;20: 605-606.PubMed
31. Cohen S, Burns R. Pathways of the pulp. 1998;7th ed. St. Louis: CV Mosby; 248-251.
32. Kang DH, Chung KH, Yoon SH, Bae KS. An in vitro evaluation of the accuracy of Root ZX electronic apex locator. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 1998;23: 339-345.
33. Park JH, Roh BD, Lee SJ. The accuracy of the frequency dependent type apex locator. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 1996;21: 150-160.
34. Kim HJ, Hong CU. In vivo evaluation of accuracy of two electronic apex locators. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 1996;21: 289-299.
35. Czerw RJ, Fulkerson MS, Donnelly JC, Walmann JO. In vitro evaluation of the accuracy of several electronic apex locators. J Endod. 1995;21: 572-575.Article PubMed
36. Dunlap CA, Remeikis NA, BeGole EA, Rauschenberger CR. An in vivo evaluation of an electronic apex locator that uses the ratio method in vital and necrotic canals. J Endod. 1998;24: 48-50.Article PubMed
37. Frank AL, Torabinejad M. An in vivo evaluation of endex electronic apex locator. J Endod. 1993;19: 177-179.Article PubMed
38. Lauper R, Lutz F, Barbakow F. An in vivo comparison of gradient and absolute impedance electronic apex locators. J Endod. 1996;22: 260-263.Article PubMed
39. Ounsi HF, Haddad G. In vitro evaluation of the reliability of the Endex electronic apex locator. J Endod. 1998;24: 120-121.Article PubMed
40. Pagavino G, Pace R, Baccetti T. A SEM study of in vivo accuracy of the Root ZX electronic apex locator. J Endod. 1998;24: 438-441.PubMed
41. Hwang HK, Shin YG, Kim PS. A study on the accuracy of the Root-ZX according to the various conditions of root canals. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2000;25: 474-481.
42. Hwang HK, Shin YG. The effectiveness of obturating techniques in sealing isthmuses. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2001;26: 499-506.

Tables & Figures

Figure 1

The device for taking a standard radiograph at the same position.

Figure 2

Schematic drawing of experimental model.

Table 1

Group classification

B: Mesio-buccal root canal / L: Mesio-lingual root canal

Table 2

Average working length before and after coronal flaring at the different measuring times Unit: mm

B-L: Mesio-buccal length - Mesio-lingual length

^*Significantly different at p < 0.05 (paired t-test)

Table 3

An accuracy of electronic apex locators according to coronal flaring and mesuring time

^*Significantly different at p < 0.05 (paired t-test)

REFERENCES

1. Seltzer S, Bender I, Turkenkopf S. Factors affecting successful repair after RCT. J Am Dent Assoc. 1963;67: 651-662.PubMed
2. Seltzer S, Soltanoff W, Smith J. Periapical tissue reactions of root canal instrumentation beyond the apex. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1973;36: 725-737.PubMed
3. Sjogren U. Factors affecting the long-term results of endodontic treatment. J Endod. 1990;16: 498-504.Article PubMed
4. Strindberg L. The dependence of pulp therapy on certain factors: an analytic study based on radiographic and clinical follow-up examinations. Acta Odontol Scand. 1956;14: 1.
5. Swartz DB, Skidmore AE, Griffin JA Jr. Twenty years of endodontic success and failure. J Endod. 1983;9: 198-202.Article PubMed
6. Kuttler Y. Microcopic investigation of root apexes. J Am Dent Assoc. 1955;50: 544-552.PubMed
7. Altman M, Guttuso J, Seidberg BH, Langeland K. Apical root canal anatomy of human maxillary central incisors. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1970;30: 694-699.Article PubMed
8. Burch JG, Hulen S. The relationship of the apical foramen to the anatomic apex of the tooth root. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1972;34: 262-268.Article PubMed
9. Green D. A stereomicroscopic study of the root apices of 400 maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1956;9: 1224-1232.PubMed
10. Green D. Stereomicroscopic study of 700 root apices of maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1960;13: 728-733.Article PubMed
11. Goldman M, Pearson AH, Darzenta N. Reliability of radiographic interpretations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1974;38: 287-293.Article PubMed
12. Suzuki K. Experimental study on iontophoresis. J Jpn Stomatol. 1942;16: 411-417.
13. Sunada I. New method for measuring working lengths of root canal. J Dent Res. 1962;42: 375-378.
14. Huang L. An experimental study of the principle of electronic root canal measurement. J Endod. 1987;13: 60-64.Article PubMed
15. Seidberg BH, Alibrandi BV, Fine H, Logue B. Clinical investigation of measuring working lengths of root canals with an electronic device and with digital-tactile sense. J Am Dent Assoc. 1975;90: 379-387.Article PubMed
16. Fouad AF, Krell KV, McKendry DJ, Koorbusch GF, Olson RA. Clinical evaluation of five electronic root canal length measuring instruments. J Endod. 1990;16: 446-449.PubMed
17. Kobayashi C, Suda H. New Electronic canal length measuring device on the ratio method. J Endod. 1994;20: 111-114.PubMed
18. Shabahang S, Goon WWY, Gluskin AH. An in vivo Evaluation of Root ZX Electronic Apex Locator. J Endod. 1996;22: 616-618.Article PubMed
19. Caldwell JL. Change in working length following instrumentation of molar canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1976;41: 114-118.Article PubMed
20. Stabholz A, Rotstein I, Torabinejad M. Effect of pre-flaring on tactile detection of the apical constriction. J Endod. 1995;21: 92-94.Article PubMed
21. Gutierrez JH, Aguayo P. Apical foraminal openings in human teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995;79: 769-777.Article PubMed
22. Skidmore AE, Bjorndal AM. Root canal morphology of the human mandibular first molar. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1971;32: 778-784.Article PubMed
23. Pineda F, Kuttler Y. Mesiodistal and buccolingual roentgenographic investigation of 7225 root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1972;33: 101-110.PubMed
24. Green D. Morphology of the pulp cavity of the permanent teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1955;8: 743-759.Article PubMed
25. Wheeler RC. Dental Anatomy, Physiology and Occlusion. 1974;5th ed. W.B. Saunders Co; 267-297.
26. Woelfel JG, Scheid RC. Dental Anatomy. 2002;1st ed. philadelphia: Williams & Wilkins; 97-107.
27. Katz A, Tamse A, Kaufman AY. Tooth length determination: a review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1991;72: 238-242.PubMed
28. Seltzer S, Soltanoff W, Smith J. Biologic aspects of endodontics. V. Periapical tissue reactions to root canal instrumentation beyond the apex and root canal fillings short of and beyond the apex. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1973;36: 725-737.PubMed
29. Kim BH, Lee YK, Kim YS. A study on the accuracy of the ROOT-ZX in the canal with mechanically formed constriction. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 1999;24: 628-632.
30. Czerw RJ, Fulkerson MS, Donnelli JC. An in vitro test of simplified model to demonstrate the operation of electronic root canal measuring devices. J Endod. 1994;20: 605-606.PubMed
31. Cohen S, Burns R. Pathways of the pulp. 1998;7th ed. St. Louis: CV Mosby; 248-251.
32. Kang DH, Chung KH, Yoon SH, Bae KS. An in vitro evaluation of the accuracy of Root ZX electronic apex locator. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 1998;23: 339-345.
33. Park JH, Roh BD, Lee SJ. The accuracy of the frequency dependent type apex locator. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 1996;21: 150-160.
34. Kim HJ, Hong CU. In vivo evaluation of accuracy of two electronic apex locators. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 1996;21: 289-299.
35. Czerw RJ, Fulkerson MS, Donnelly JC, Walmann JO. In vitro evaluation of the accuracy of several electronic apex locators. J Endod. 1995;21: 572-575.Article PubMed
36. Dunlap CA, Remeikis NA, BeGole EA, Rauschenberger CR. An in vivo evaluation of an electronic apex locator that uses the ratio method in vital and necrotic canals. J Endod. 1998;24: 48-50.Article PubMed
37. Frank AL, Torabinejad M. An in vivo evaluation of endex electronic apex locator. J Endod. 1993;19: 177-179.Article PubMed
38. Lauper R, Lutz F, Barbakow F. An in vivo comparison of gradient and absolute impedance electronic apex locators. J Endod. 1996;22: 260-263.Article PubMed
39. Ounsi HF, Haddad G. In vitro evaluation of the reliability of the Endex electronic apex locator. J Endod. 1998;24: 120-121.Article PubMed
40. Pagavino G, Pace R, Baccetti T. A SEM study of in vivo accuracy of the Root ZX electronic apex locator. J Endod. 1998;24: 438-441.PubMed
41. Hwang HK, Shin YG, Kim PS. A study on the accuracy of the Root-ZX according to the various conditions of root canals. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2000;25: 474-481.
42. Hwang HK, Shin YG. The effectiveness of obturating techniques in sealing isthmuses. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2001;26: 499-506.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

An evaluation of the accuracy of Root ZX according to the conditions of major apical foramen
Shin-Young Park, Dong-Kyun Lee, Ho-Keel Hwang
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(2): 68. CrossRef
Study of endodontic working length of Korean posterior teeth
Jeong-Yeob Kim, Sang-Hoon Lee, Gwang-Hee Lee, Sang-Hyuk Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(6): 429. CrossRef

CanvasJS.com

ePub Link

Cite

CITE: export Copy Download Format; Close

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

An accuracy of the several electronic apex locators on the mesial root canal of the mandibular molar

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2005;30(6):477-485. Published online November 30, 2005

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2005.30.6.477

XML Download

Figure

An accuracy of the several electronic apex locators on the mesial root canal of the mandibular molar

Figure 1 The device for taking a standard radiograph at the same position.

Figure 2 Schematic drawing of experimental model.

Figure 1

Figure 2

An accuracy of the several electronic apex locators on the mesial root canal of the mandibular molar

Table 1

Group classification

B: Mesio-buccal root canal / L: Mesio-lingual root canal

Table 2

Average working length before and after coronal flaring at the different measuring times Unit: mm

B-L: Mesio-buccal length - Mesio-lingual length

^*Significantly different at p < 0.05 (paired t-test)

Table 3

An accuracy of electronic apex locators according to coronal flaring and mesuring time

^*Significantly different at p < 0.05 (paired t-test)

Table 1 Group classification

B: Mesio-buccal root canal / L: Mesio-lingual root canal

Table 2 Average working length before and after coronal flaring at the different measuring times Unit: mm

B-L: Mesio-buccal length - Mesio-lingual length

^*Significantly different at p < 0.05 (paired t-test)

Table 3 An accuracy of electronic apex locators according to coronal flaring and mesuring time

^*Significantly different at p < 0.05 (paired t-test)