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Original Article Detection of methicillin or vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from dental hospital
Jung-Hee Min1, Soon-Nang Park2,4, Ho-Keel Hwang1,3,4, Jung-Beum Min1,3, Hwa-Sook Kim5, Joong-Ki Kook2,3,4
2007;32(2):-110.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.2.102
Published online: March 31, 2007

1Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Korea.

2Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Korea.

3Oral Biology Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Korea.

4The Second Stage of BK21 High-tech Dental Care & Human Resource Training Center, Chosun University, Korea.

5Department of Dental Hygiene, Chunnam Techno College, Gokseong County, Jeonnam, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Joong-Ki Kook. Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Kwangju, 501-825, Korea. Tel: 82-62-230-6877, Fax: 82-62-224-3706, jkkook@chosun.ac.kr
• Received: March 15, 2006   • Revised: June 22, 2006   • Accepted: July 7, 2006

Copyright © 2007 Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry

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  • The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic information for the improvement of dental environment by investigating the presence of methicillin- or vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA or VRSA) isolated from dental health care workers (DHCWs) and environment of the Chosun University Dental Hospital (CUDH) and a private dental clinic (control group). Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was isolated from anterior nares of 42 DHCWs and 38 sites, unit chairs, x-ray devices, computers, etc., at 10 departments of the CUDH and 20 DHCWs and 11 sites at the private dental clinic. S. aureus was isolated on mannitol salt agar plate and confirmed by PCR with S. aureus species-specific primer. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of clinical isolates of S. aureus against several antibiotics including methicillin (oxacillin) was performed by investigating minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using broth microdilution assay. In addition, PCR was performed to detect the methicillin- or vancomycin-resistant gene. The data showed that one strain of S. aureus was isolated from DHCWs of the CUDH and three strains of S. aureus was isolated from 3 samples of the private dental clinic, respectively. All of the isolates from the CUDH and the private dental clinic had resistance to penicillin G, amoxicillin and vancomycin and susceptibility to oxacillin and ciprofloxacin. The S. aureus strains were already obtained the resistance to penicillin G and amoxicillin. These results suggest that two dental clinics were under relatively safe environment.
  • Keywords: MRSA; VRSA; Minimum inhibitory concentration; PCR
Figure 1
Isolation of S. aureus on mannitol salt agar (MSA) which is selective medium for the S. aureus. The color change of the medium to yellow means that mannitol was fermented by S. aureus (A). S. epidermidis had no ability of the fermentation of mannitol (B).
jkacd-32-102-g001.jpg
Table 1
PCR primers for the identification of S. aureus10)
jkacd-32-102-i001.jpg
Table 2
PCR primers for the detection of S. aureus-antibiotic resistance genes15)

PEN, penicillin; OXA, oxacillin; ERY, erythromycin; CLI, clindamycin; VAN, vamcomycin.

jkacd-32-102-i002.jpg
Table 3
Detection frequency of S. aureus in dental clinics

( ): Number of samples

jkacd-32-102-i003.jpg
Table 4
Minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics against S. aureus of clinical isolates

PEN, penicillin G; AMX, amoxicillin; OXA, oxacillin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CXM, cefuroxime; CLI, clindamycin; VAN, vancomycin

jkacd-32-102-i004.jpg
Table 5
MIC interpretive standards for S. aureus
jkacd-32-102-i005.jpg
Table 6
Detection of S. aureus-antibiotic resistance genes from clinical isolates of S. aureus

-, not detected; +, detected

jkacd-32-102-i006.jpg
  • 1. Shin SH, Jang JS, Im Y. Recently separated from Gwangju antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus. Med J Chosun Univ. 2000;25: 52-60.
  • 2. Kim Eunsuk, Moon SU, Kim GJ, Yu YU, Jeong SJ, Kim SM, Moon YH. Antimicrobial and Cadmium resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in hospital and its environment. Bull Life Sci Biotechnol. 1995;3: 61-67.
  • 3. Lim CH, Choi RJ, Kim BG, Lee MS, Kim GJ. Isolation & antiseptic susceptibility test of microorganisms isolated from dental environments. J Wonkwang Dent Res Inst. 1998;8: 103-110.
  • 4. Moon SE, Lee DK, Kwon GH, Kim KJ. Infection pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in the dental clinic. J Korean Assoc Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;25: 25-32.
  • 5. Hubar JS, Pelon W. Low-cost screening for microbial contaminants in aerosols generated in a dental office. Gen Dent. 2005;53(4):270-272.PubMed
  • 6. Kim GJ. Dental area, the distribution and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus. J Korean Dent Assoc. 1996;2: 110-118.
  • 7. Kim HB, Shin DH, Park KU, Oh MD, Kim EC, Choe KW. The Methicillin-resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus isolatd from anterior nares of healthy adults in the community. Korean J Infect Dis. 1998;30: 527-531.
  • 8. Kim HB, Oh MD. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Korean J Infect Dis. 2001;33: 62-70.
  • 9. Park SE, Kim JB. Characterization and frequency of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Korea. Korean J Biomed Lab Sci. 2000;6: 201-208.
  • 10. Martineau F, Picard FJ, Roy PH, Ouellette M, Bergeron MG. Species-specific and ubiquitous-DNA-based assays for rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol. 1998;36: 618-623.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
  • 11. Jung KH. Clinical observation on Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia of community hospital. Korean J Infect Dis. 1997;29: 39-47.
  • 12. Murray PR, Jorgensen JH. Quantitative susceptibility test methods in major United States medical centers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1981;20: 66-70.PubMedPMC
  • 13. Cuny C, Witte W. PCR for identification of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains using a single primer pair specific for SCCmec elements and neighbouring chromosome-borne orfX. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005;11(10):834-837.PubMed
  • 14. Moon SE, Kim ES, You YO, Kim KJ. Distribution and Characterization of Staphylococci in Hospital. J Oral Biol. 1996;21: 89-93.
  • 15. Strommenger B, Kettlitz C, Werner G, Witte W. Multiplex PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Nine Clinically Relevant Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41(9):4089-4094.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
  • 16. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institude. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Suscetibility Testing: Fifteenth Informational Supplement. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institude (CLSI)/NCCLS antimicrobial susceptibility testing standards M2-A8 and M7-A6 Wayne, Pa, 25(No.1). 2005;110-114.

Tables & Figures

Figure 1
Isolation of S. aureus on mannitol salt agar (MSA) which is selective medium for the S. aureus. The color change of the medium to yellow means that mannitol was fermented by S. aureus (A). S. epidermidis had no ability of the fermentation of mannitol (B).
jkacd-32-102-g001.jpg
Table 1
PCR primers for the identification of S. aureus10)
jkacd-32-102-i001.jpg
Table 2
PCR primers for the detection of S. aureus-antibiotic resistance genes15)

PEN, penicillin; OXA, oxacillin; ERY, erythromycin; CLI, clindamycin; VAN, vamcomycin.

jkacd-32-102-i002.jpg
Table 3
Detection frequency of S. aureus in dental clinics

( ): Number of samples

jkacd-32-102-i003.jpg
Table 4
Minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics against S. aureus of clinical isolates

PEN, penicillin G; AMX, amoxicillin; OXA, oxacillin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CXM, cefuroxime; CLI, clindamycin; VAN, vancomycin

jkacd-32-102-i004.jpg
Table 5
MIC interpretive standards for S. aureus
jkacd-32-102-i005.jpg
Table 6
Detection of S. aureus-antibiotic resistance genes from clinical isolates of S. aureus

-, not detected; +, detected

jkacd-32-102-i006.jpg

REFERENCES

  • 1. Shin SH, Jang JS, Im Y. Recently separated from Gwangju antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus. Med J Chosun Univ. 2000;25: 52-60.
  • 2. Kim Eunsuk, Moon SU, Kim GJ, Yu YU, Jeong SJ, Kim SM, Moon YH. Antimicrobial and Cadmium resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in hospital and its environment. Bull Life Sci Biotechnol. 1995;3: 61-67.
  • 3. Lim CH, Choi RJ, Kim BG, Lee MS, Kim GJ. Isolation & antiseptic susceptibility test of microorganisms isolated from dental environments. J Wonkwang Dent Res Inst. 1998;8: 103-110.
  • 4. Moon SE, Lee DK, Kwon GH, Kim KJ. Infection pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in the dental clinic. J Korean Assoc Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;25: 25-32.
  • 5. Hubar JS, Pelon W. Low-cost screening for microbial contaminants in aerosols generated in a dental office. Gen Dent. 2005;53(4):270-272.PubMed
  • 6. Kim GJ. Dental area, the distribution and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus. J Korean Dent Assoc. 1996;2: 110-118.
  • 7. Kim HB, Shin DH, Park KU, Oh MD, Kim EC, Choe KW. The Methicillin-resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus isolatd from anterior nares of healthy adults in the community. Korean J Infect Dis. 1998;30: 527-531.
  • 8. Kim HB, Oh MD. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Korean J Infect Dis. 2001;33: 62-70.
  • 9. Park SE, Kim JB. Characterization and frequency of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Korea. Korean J Biomed Lab Sci. 2000;6: 201-208.
  • 10. Martineau F, Picard FJ, Roy PH, Ouellette M, Bergeron MG. Species-specific and ubiquitous-DNA-based assays for rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol. 1998;36: 618-623.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
  • 11. Jung KH. Clinical observation on Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia of community hospital. Korean J Infect Dis. 1997;29: 39-47.
  • 12. Murray PR, Jorgensen JH. Quantitative susceptibility test methods in major United States medical centers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1981;20: 66-70.PubMedPMC
  • 13. Cuny C, Witte W. PCR for identification of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains using a single primer pair specific for SCCmec elements and neighbouring chromosome-borne orfX. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005;11(10):834-837.PubMed
  • 14. Moon SE, Kim ES, You YO, Kim KJ. Distribution and Characterization of Staphylococci in Hospital. J Oral Biol. 1996;21: 89-93.
  • 15. Strommenger B, Kettlitz C, Werner G, Witte W. Multiplex PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Nine Clinically Relevant Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41(9):4089-4094.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
  • 16. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institude. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Suscetibility Testing: Fifteenth Informational Supplement. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institude (CLSI)/NCCLS antimicrobial susceptibility testing standards M2-A8 and M7-A6 Wayne, Pa, 25(No.1). 2005;110-114.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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    Detection of methicillin or vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from dental hospital
    J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2007;32(2):102-110.   Published online March 31, 2007
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.2.102
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Detection of methicillin or vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from dental hospital
Image
Figure 1 Isolation of S. aureus on mannitol salt agar (MSA) which is selective medium for the S. aureus. The color change of the medium to yellow means that mannitol was fermented by S. aureus (A). S. epidermidis had no ability of the fermentation of mannitol (B).

Figure 1

Detection of methicillin or vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from dental hospital

PCR primers for the identification of S. aureus10)

PCR primers for the detection of S. aureus-antibiotic resistance genes15)

PEN, penicillin; OXA, oxacillin; ERY, erythromycin; CLI, clindamycin; VAN, vamcomycin.

Detection frequency of S. aureus in dental clinics

( ): Number of samples

Minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics against S. aureus of clinical isolates

PEN, penicillin G; AMX, amoxicillin; OXA, oxacillin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CXM, cefuroxime; CLI, clindamycin; VAN, vancomycin

MIC interpretive standards for S. aureus

Detection of S. aureus-antibiotic resistance genes from clinical isolates of S. aureus

-, not detected; +, detected
Table 1 PCR primers for the identification of S. aureus10)

Table 2 PCR primers for the detection of S. aureus-antibiotic resistance genes15)

PEN, penicillin; OXA, oxacillin; ERY, erythromycin; CLI, clindamycin; VAN, vamcomycin.

Table 3 Detection frequency of S. aureus in dental clinics

( ): Number of samples

Table 4 Minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics against S. aureus of clinical isolates

PEN, penicillin G; AMX, amoxicillin; OXA, oxacillin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CXM, cefuroxime; CLI, clindamycin; VAN, vancomycin

Table 5 MIC interpretive standards for S. aureus

Table 6 Detection of S. aureus-antibiotic resistance genes from clinical isolates of S. aureus

-, not detected; +, detected

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

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