Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Research Article

Surface properties and susceptibility to staining of a resin composite after brushing with different whitening toothpastes: Aline da Silva Barros, Carolina Meneghin Barbosa, Renata Siqueira Scatolin, Waldemir Francisco Vieira Junior, Laura Nobre Ferraz; Restor Dent Endod 2025;50(1):e6. Published online February 26, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2025.50.e6

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Objectives
This study investigated the effects of different whitening toothpaste (WT) on the surface properties and staining susceptibility of a resin composite.
Methods
Cylindrical samples were prepared with a micro-hybrid resin composite and were randomized into groups according to the toothpaste (n = 12): distilled water (DW), regular toothpaste (RT), WT with silica + pyrophosphate (WT-S/P), WT with pentaphosphate and pyrophosphate (WT-P/P), WT with hydrogen peroxide and pyrophosphate (WT-HP/P) and WT with charcoal and pyrophosphate (WT-Ch/P). The samples were brushed for 825 cycles in an automatic brushing machine, simulating 30 days of brushing. After that, an immersion in coffee (10 mL/sample) was performed for 30 minutes for 30 days. The analyses of color, surface microhardness (SMH), and surface roughness (Ra) were performed at the initial time, after brushing with toothpaste and after immersion in coffee. The ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔEab, Δand E00 values were calculated comparing after toothpaste with initial time and after coffee with after toothpaste. Data were analyzed using a mixed linear model for repeated measures (SMH), Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Friedman, and Nemenyi tests, with α = 0.05.
Results
For ΔL*, the WT-Ch/P group had the lowest values and differed from the other groups comparing the after toothpaste with the initial time interval (p < 0.001). The WT-Ch/P group had the lowest SMH values in after-toothpaste time (p < 0.001). In after-toothpaste time and after coffee time, the WT-S/P group had the highest Ra values and differed from the groups except the WT-Ch/P group (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
The toothpaste composition affects the surface characteristics and susceptibility to staining of the resin composite. The charcoal-based toothpaste had the worst performance for the color analyses and SMH.

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Review Article

Comparative evaluation of the biological response of conventional and resin modified glass ionomer cement on human cells: a systematic review: Shishir Singh, Gaurav Kulkarni, R S Mohan Kumar, Romi Jain, Ameya M Lokhande, Teena K Sitlaney, Musharraf H F Ansari, Navin S Agarwal; Restor Dent Endod 2024;49(4):e41. Published online November 1, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e41

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This review aimed to evaluate and compare the biological response (biocompatibility and cytotoxicity) of resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) in contrast to conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) on human cells. Articles reporting parallel and split-mouth clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, prospective studies, and in vitro studies on human permanent teeth that assessed the biological response of GIC and RMGIC were included. The following electronic bibliographic databases were searched using the keywords: MEDLINE/PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar. For the risk of bias MINORS tool and the modified scale of Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments and Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials were used. Initial screening identified 552 studies, of which 9 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Different parameters such as odontoblastic changes, inflammatory response, tertiary dentin formation, presence of microorganisms, morphological changes, cell viability, number, and metabolism were used to evaluate the biological response of conventional GIC and RMGICs. Conventional GIC shows lower cytotoxicity compared to RMGIC in vital pulp therapy procedures. Further, in vivo studies and long-term clinical trials are needed to compare these observations for pulp therapy using the 2 test materials.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42023426021

Citations

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The conventional glass ionomers – A forgotten paradigm
Shishir Singh
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.2024; 27(12): 1201. CrossRef

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Research Articles

Effect of surface sealant on the color stability and whiteness index of single-shade resin composites after staining and bleaching: Muhammet Fidan, Özhan Yağcı; Restor Dent Endod 2024;49(3):e30. Published online July 11, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e30

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Objectives

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of polishing systems and surface sealant on the color stability and whiteness index of single-shade resin composites after staining and bleaching.

Materials and Methods

Three single-shade (Omnichroma, Charisma Diamond One, Zenchroma) and one multi-shade (Filtek Z250) materials were tested. From each resin composite, 40 specimens were prepared. The specimens were divided into 4 subgroups (n = 10) according to the surface treatments: 1-step polishing, 1-step + Biscover LV, 2-step polishing, and 2-step polishing + Biscover LV. Color differences (ΔE₀₀) were calculated after being immersed in the coffee solution for 12 days. After the staining, the specimens were immersed in a whitening mouthrinse (Crest-3D White) for 12 hours. Whiteness index differences (∆WI_D = WI_D after staining − WI_D after bleaching) values were recorded. The generalized linear model was used for analysis (p < 0.05).

Results

The lowest and highest ΔE₀₀ values were found for Zenchroma and Charisma Diamond One respectively. Sealed groups indicated higher ΔE₀₀ values than nonsealed groups with significant differences (p = 0.008). The lowest and highest ΔWI_D values were found for Zenchroma and Charisma Diamond One respectively. Sealed groups indicated lower ΔWI_D values than nonsealed groups with significant differences (p = 0.022).

Conclusions

The use of surface sealant increased the discoloration and showed less whiteness change in resin materials. When the 1-step was compared with the 2-step polishing, the effects on the color stability and whiteness index values of the resin materials were similar.

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Evaluating the effects of bleaching on color stability and surface roughness in single-shade and multi-shade resin composites
Hatice Tepe, Özge Çeliksöz, Zeynep Biçer, Batucan Yaman
Anatolian Current Medical Journal.2024; 6(6): 372. CrossRef

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Can discolored dental composites be bleached in depth?: Luca Giachetti, Daniele Scaminaci Russo, Michele Nieri, Francesca Cinelli; Restor Dent Endod 2024;49(3):e23. Published online June 11, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e23

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Objectives
Previous in vitro studies determined the whitening effects of bleaching products on stained resin composite surfaces. This in vitro study aimed to verify the effectiveness of a whitening system on composite resin previously subjected to pigmentation, specifically examining the depth of whitening effectiveness within the material structure.
Materials and Methods
A commercially available nano-filled composite resin was used. Specimens were stained using a coffee-based solution and a 10% carbamide peroxide-based gel was employed as the whitening agent. The pigment’s penetration and the effect of the bleaching gel were evaluated by measuring color (CieLab values) from the outer edge to the inner part of the specimens. Color measurements were taken at 14 points, starting from 0.1 mm from the external perimeter up to 3.0 mm.
Results
Analysis of variance tests showed a statistically significant difference between the Control Group (CG), Pigmentation Group, and Whitening Group. The whitening agent was effective up to 1.5 mm in depth, with Whiteness index (W) values not statistically different from those of CG up to 0.5 mm in depth.
Conclusions
Whitening agents on nano-filled resin composite previously pigmented appear effective in restoring the W to values similar to the original, particularly in the superficial layers of the sample.

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Effects of a relined fiberglass post with conventional and self-adhesive resin cement: Wilton Lima dos Santos Junior, Marina Rodrigues Santi, Rodrigo Barros Esteves Lins, Luís Roberto Marcondes Martins; Restor Dent Endod 2024;49(2):e18. Published online March 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e18

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Objectives

This study was conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of relined and non-relined fiberglass posts when cemented to root canal dentin using a conventional dual-cure resin cement or a self-adhesive resin cement.

Materials and Methods

Two types of resin cements were utilized: conventional and self-adhesive. Additionally, 2 cementation protocols were employed, involving relined and non-relined fiberglass posts. In total, 72 bovine incisors were cemented and subjected to push-out bond strength testing (n = 10) followed by failure mode analysis. The cross-sectional microhardness (n = 5) was assessed along the root canal, and interface analyses (n = 3) were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data from the push-out bond strength and cross-sectional microhardness tests were analyzed via 3-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post-hoc test (α = 0.05).

Results

For non-relined fiberglass posts, conventional resin cement exhibited higher push-out bond strength than self-adhesive cement. Relined fiberglass posts yielded comparable results between the resin cements. Type II failure was the most common failure mode for both resin cements, regardless of cementation protocol. The use of relined fiberglass posts improved the cross-sectional microhardness values for both cements. SEM images revealed voids and bubbles in the incisors with non-relined fiberglass posts.

Conclusions

Mechanical properties were impacted by the cementation protocol. Relined fiberglass posts presented the highest push-out bond strength and cross-sectional microhardness values, regardless of the resin cement used (conventional dual-cure or self-adhesive). Conversely, for non-relined fiberglass posts, the conventional dual-cure resin cement yielded superior results to the self-adhesive resin cement.

Citations

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Push-Out Bond Strength of Different Luting Cements Following Post Space Irrigation with 2% Chitosan: An In Vitro Study
Shimaa Rifaat, Ahmed Rahoma, Hind Muneer Alharbi, Sawsan Jamal Kazim, Shrouq Ali Aljuaid, Basmah Omar Alakloby, Faraz A. Farooqi, Noha Taymour
Prosthesis.2025; 7(1): 18. CrossRef

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Color discrepancy of single-shade composites at different distances from the interface measured using cell phone images: Márcia Luciana Carregosa Santana, Gabriella de Jesus Santos Livi, André Luis Faria-e-Silva; Restor Dent Endod 2024;49(1):e7. Published online January 24, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e7

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Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of substrate color and interface distance on the color adjustment of 2 single-shade composites, Vittra APS Unique and Charisma Diamond One.

Materials and Methods

Dual disc-shaped specimens were created using Vittra APS Unique or Charisma Diamond One as the center composite, surrounded by shaded composites (A1 or A3). Color measurements were taken with a spectrophotometer against a gray background, recording the color coordinates in the CIELAB color space. Illumination with a light-correcting device and image acquisition using a polarizing filter-equipped cell phone were performed on specimens over the same background. Image processing software was used to measure the color coordinates in the center and periphery of the inner composite and in the outer composite. The color data were then converted to CIELAB coordinates and adjusted using data from the spectrophotometer. Color differences (ΔE₀₀) between the center/periphery of single-shade and outer composites were calculated, along with color changes in single-shade composites caused by different outer composites. Color differences for the inner composites surrounded by A1 and A3 were also calculated. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (α = 0.05).

Results

The results showed that color discrepancies were lowest near the interface and when the outer composite was whiter (A1). Additionally, Charisma Diamond One exhibited better color adjustment ability than Vittra APS Unique.

Conclusions

Color discrepancies between the investigated single-shade composites diminished towards the interface with the surrounding composite, particularly when the latter exhibited a lighter shade.

Citations

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Evaluation of color stability in single-shade composite resins using spectrophotometer and cross-polarized mobile photography
Hatice Tepe, Ozge Celiksoz, Batu Can Yaman
BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Comparison between a bulk-fill resin-based composite and three luting materials on the cementation of fiberglass-reinforced posts: Carlos Alberto Kenji Shimokawa, Paula Mendes Acatauassú Carneiro, Tamile Rocha da Silva Lobo, Roberto Ruggiero Braga, Míriam Lacalle Turbino, Adriana Bona Matos; Restor Dent Endod 2023;48(3):e30. Published online August 8, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e30

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Objectives

This study verified the possibility of cementing fiberglass-reinforced posts using a flowable bulk-fill composite (BF), comparing its push-out bond strength and microhardness with these properties of 3 luting materials.

Materials and Methods

Sixty endodontically treated bovine roots were used. Posts were cemented using conventional dual-cured cement (CC); self-adhesive cement (SA); dual-cured composite (RC); and BF. Push-out bond strength (n = 10) and microhardness (n = 5) tests were performed after 1 week and 4 months of storage. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), 1-way ANOVA, t-test, and Tukey post-hoc tests were applied for the push-out bond strength and microhardness results; and Pearson correlation test was applied to verify the correlation between push-out bond strength and microhardness results (α = 0.05).

Results

BF presented higher push-out bond strength than CC and SA in the cervical third before aging (p < 0.01). No differences were found between push-out bond strength before and after aging for all the luting materials (p = 0.84). Regarding hardness, only SA presented higher values measured before than after aging (p < 0.01). RC and BF did not present 80% of the maximum hardness at the apical regions. A strong positive correlation was found between the luting materials' push-out bond strength and microhardness (p < 0.01, R² = 0.7912).

Conclusions

The BF presented comparable or higher push-out bond strength and microhardness than the luting materials, which indicates that it could be used for cementing resin posts in situations where adequate light curing is possible.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effects of a relined fiberglass post with conventional and self-adhesive resin cement
Wilton Lima dos Santos Junior, Marina Rodrigues Santi, Rodrigo Barros Esteves Lins, Luís Roberto Marcondes Martins
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Impact of combined at-home bleaching and whitening toothpaste use on the surface and color of a composite resin: Carolina Meneghin Barbosa, Renata Siqueira Scatolin, Waldemir Francisco Vieira-Junior, Marcia Hiromi Tanaka, Laura Nobre Ferraz; Restor Dent Endod 2023;48(3):e26. Published online July 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e26

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Objective

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effects of different whitening toothpastes on a composite resin during at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide.

Materials and Methods

Sixty samples (7 mm × 2 mm) were used for color and roughness analyses, while another 60 samples (3 mm × 2 mm) were utilized to assess microhardness. The factors analyzed included toothpaste, for which 5 options with varying active agents were tested (distilled water; conventional toothpaste; whitening toothpaste with abrasive agents; whitening toothpaste with abrasive and chemical agents; and whitening toothpaste with abrasive, chemical, and bleaching agents). Brushing and application of whitening gel were performed for 14 days. Surface microhardness (SMH), surface roughness (Ra), and color (∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b, ∆E*_ab, and ∆E₀₀) were analyzed. The Ra and SMH data were analyzed using mixed generalized linear models for repeated measures, while the color results were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests.

Results

Between the initial and final time points, all groups demonstrated significant increases in Ra and reductions in SMH. No significant differences were found between groups for SMH at the final time point, at which all groups differed from the distilled water group. Conventional toothpaste exhibited the lowest Ra, while whitening toothpaste with abrasive agent had the highest value. No significant differences were observed in ∆L*, ∆a*, and ∆b.

Conclusions

While toothpaste composition did not affect the color stability and microhardness of resin composite, combining toothbrushing with whitening toothpaste and at-home bleaching enhanced the change in Ra.

Citations

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At‐Home and In‐Office Bleaching Protocols on the Color Match of Restorations Made With Single‐Shade Composites
Luciana Vasconcelos Ramos, Dayana Fernandes Rocha Aparicio, André Luis Faria‐e‐Silva, Maíra do Prado, Andréa Vaz Braga Pintor, Marcela Baraúna Magno
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Surface properties and susceptibility to staining of a resin composite after brushing with different whitening toothpastes
Aline da Silva Barros, Carolina Meneghin Barbosa, Renata Siqueira Scatolin, Waldemir Francisco Vieira Junior, Laura Nobre Ferraz
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2025; 50(1): e6. CrossRef
Effect of bleaching and repolishing on whiteness change and staining susceptibility of resin-based materials
Sultan Aktuğ Karademir, Samet Atasoy, Beyza Yılmaz
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of using different toothpaste during bleaching with violet LED light (405 nm) on the colour and roughness of dental enamel: an in vitro study
Franco Sousa Leticia, Mazzalli Redondo Victor, Ferraz Nobre Laura, Vitti Pino Rafael, Renata Siqueira Scatolin
Lasers in Medical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of coffee staining and simulated oral hygiene methods on the color and translucency of a nanoceramic resin
Luiz Felipe Schneider, Bruna Mueller, Rubens Nisie Tango, Claudia Angela Maziero Volpato
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2024; 36(7): 1020. CrossRef

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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate prior to composite resin in abfraction lesions: a split-mouth randomized clinical trial: Luísa Valente Gotardo Lara Alves, Lisiane Martins Fracasso, Thiago Vinicius Cortez, Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel, Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona; Restor Dent Endod 2023;48(2):e13. Published online March 20, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e13

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Natural extracts have been investigated as a biomimetic strategy to mechanically strengthen the collagen network and control the biodegradation of extracellular matrix. This study evaluated the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on abfraction lesions prior to the composite resin.
Materials and Methods
The sample consisted of 30 patients (aged between 28 and 60 years) with abfraction lesions located in 2 homologous premolars. The teeth were randomly assigned according to dentin treatment: 0.02% EGCG solution or distilled water (control). After enamel acid etching, the solutions were applied immediately for 1 minute. The teeth were restored with Universal Adhesive (3M) and Filtek Z350 XT (3M). Analyzes were done by 2 independent examiners using modified USPHS (retention, secondary caries, marginal adaptation, and postoperative sensitivity) and photographic (color, marginal pigmentation, and anatomical form) criteria at baseline (7 days) and final (18 months). The data analysis used Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (α = 0.05).
Results
At baseline, all restorations were evaluated as alpha for all criteria. After 18 months, restorations were evaluated as alpha for secondary caries, color, and marginal pigmentation. There was significant difference between baseline and 18 months (p = 0.009) for marginal adaptation and postoperative sensitivity (p = 0.029), but no significant difference were verified between treatments (p = 0.433). The EGCG group had a restoration retention rate of 93.3%, while the control group had 96.7%.
Conclusions
The application of EGCG solution on abfraction lesions did not significantly influence the survival of the restorations based on clinical and photographic criteria.

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Effects of surrounding and underlying shades on the color adjustment potential of a single-shade composite used in a thin layer: Mariana Silva Barros, Paula Fernanda Damasceno Silva, Márcia Luciana Carregosa Santana, Rafaella Mariana Fontes Bragança, André Luis Faria-e-Silva; Restor Dent Endod 2023;48(1):e7. Published online December 29, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e7

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Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the surrounding and underlying shades’ effect on the color adjustment potential (CAP) of a single-shade composite used in a thin layer.

Materials and Methods

Cylinder specimens (1.0 mm thick) were built with the Vittra APS Unique composite, surrounded (dual specimens) or not (simple specimens) by a control composite (shade A1, A2, or A3). Simple specimens were also built only with the control composites. Each specimen’s color was measured against white and black backgrounds or the simple control specimens with a spectrophotometer (CIELAB system). The whiteness index for dentistry (WI_D) and translucency parameters (TP₀₀) were calculated for simple specimens. Differences (ΔE₀₀) in color between the simple/dual specimens and the controls were calculated. The CAP was calculated based on the ratios between data from simple and dual specimens.

Results

The Vittra APS Unique composite showed higher WI_D and TP₀₀ values than the controls. The highest values of ΔE₀₀ were observed among simple specimens. The color measurements of Vittra APS Unique (simple or dual) against the control specimens presented the lowest color differences. Only surrounding the single-shade composite with a shaded composite barely impacted the ΔE₀₀. The highest CAP values were obtained using a shaded composite under simple or dual specimens.

Conclusions

The CAP of Vittra APS Unique was strongly affected by the underlying shade, while surrounding this composite with a shaded one barely affected its color adjustment.

Citations

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At‐Home and In‐Office Bleaching Protocols on the Color Match of Restorations Made With Single‐Shade Composites
Luciana Vasconcelos Ramos, Dayana Fernandes Rocha Aparicio, André Luis Faria‐e‐Silva, Maíra do Prado, Andréa Vaz Braga Pintor, Marcela Baraúna Magno
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of color matching of three single-shade composites employing simulated 3D printed cavities with different thicknesses using CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color difference formulae
Engin Kariper, Aylin Cilingir
REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of cavity wall thickness on the color adjustment potential of single-shade resin composites
Fabrício Luscino Alves de Castro, Letícia Brandão Durand
The Journal of the American Dental Association.2024; 155(7): 605. CrossRef
Assessing color mismatch in single-shade composite resins for enamel replacement
Rafaella Mariana Fontes de Bragança, Diana Leyva Del Rio, Luiz Alves Oliveira-Neto, William Michael Johnston
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.2024; 132(3): 613.e1. CrossRef
Color discrepancy of single-shade composites at different distances from the interface measured using cell phone images
Márcia Luciana Carregosa Santana, Gabriella de Jesus Santos Livi, André Luis Faria-e-Silva
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Is It Possible for Single-shade Composites to Mimic the Color, Lightness, Chroma, and Hue of Other Single-shade Composites? An In Vitro Study
M Buldur, G Ayan
Operative Dentistry.2024; 49(6): 691. CrossRef
Color evaluation of a one-shade used for restoration of non-carious cervical lesions: an equivalence randomized clinical trial
Michael Willian Favoreto, Amanda de Oliveira de Miranda, Thalita P. Matos, Andrea dos Santos de Castro, Mylena de Abreu Cardoso, Julia Beatriz, Jenny Collantes-Acuña, Alessandra Reis, Alessandro Dourado Loguercio
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of Thickness on the Translucency Parameter and Whiteness Index of Single-Shade Resin Composites
Ö Yağcı, M Fidan
Operative Dentistry.2024; 49(2): 189. CrossRef
A Comparative Study of the Sensitivity and Specificity of the Ishihara Test With Various Displays
Thomas Klinke, Wolfgang Hannak, Klaus Böning, Holger Jakstat
International Dental Journal.2024; 74(4): 892. CrossRef
Color match evaluation using instrumental method for three single-shade resin composites before and after in-office bleaching
Aylin Cilingir, Engin Kariper
REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The role of interface distance and underlying substrate on the color adjustment potential of single‐shade composites
Gabriella Jesus Santos de Livi, Tauan Rosa Santana, Rafaella Mariana Fontes Bragança, Rosa Maria Viana de Bragança Garcez, André Luis Faria‐e‐Silva
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2023; 35(8): 1279. CrossRef

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Relationship between battery level and irradiance of light-curing units and their effects on the hardness of a bulk-fill composite resin: Fernanda Harumi Oku Prochnow, Patricia Valéria Manozzo Kunz, Gisele Maria Correr, Marina da Rosa Kaizer, Carla Castiglia Gonzaga; Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(4):e45. Published online November 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e45

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Objectives

This study evaluated the relationship between the battery charge level and irradiance of light-emitting diode (LED) light-curing units (LCUs) and how these variables influence the Vickers hardness number (VHN) of a bulk-fill resin.

Materials and Methods

Four LCUs were evaluated: Radii Plus (SDI), Radii-cal (SDI), Elipar Deep Cure (Filtek Bulk Fill, 3M Oral Care), and Poly Wireless (Kavo Kerr). Irradiance was measured using a radiometer every ten 20-second activations until the battery was discharged. Disks (4 mm thick) of a bulk-fill resin (Filtek Bulk Fill, 3M Oral Care) were prepared, and the VHN was determined on the top and bottom surfaces when light-cured with the LCUs with battery levels at 100%, 50% and 10%. Data were analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance, the Tukey’s test, and Pearson correlations (α = 5%).

Results

Elipar Deep Cure and Poly Wireless showed significant differences between the irradiance when the battery was fully charged versus discharged (10% battery level). Significant differences in irradiance were detected among all LCUs, within each battery condition tested. Hardness ratios below 80% were obtained for Radii-cal (10% battery level) and for Poly Wireless (50% and 10% battery levels). The battery level showed moderate and strong, but non-significant, positive correlations with the VHN and irradiance.

Conclusions

Although the irradiance was different among LCUs, it decreased in half of the devices along with a reduction in battery level. In addition, the composite resin effectiveness of curing, measured by the hardness ratio, was reduced when the LCUs’ battery was discharged.

Citations

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Effect of Battery Level During Successive Charging Cycles on the Performance of Certified and Low-cost Uncertified Light-curing Units Available on E-commerce
TS Peres, G Oliveira, SP da Silva Sakamoto, M da Silva Faria, HL Carlo, CJ Soares
Operative Dentistry.2024; 49(6): 673. CrossRef
Influence of Exposure Distance on Light Irradiance of Dental Curing Lamps in Various Operating Modes
Anna Lehmann, Kacper Nijakowski, Marta Mroczyk, Filip Podgórski, Beata Czarnecka, Anna Surdacka
Applied Sciences.2024; 14(21): 9999. CrossRef
ESTADO DA INTENSIDADE LUMINOSA DAS LÂMPADAS DE FOTOPOLIMERIZAÇÃO DAS CLÍNICAS ODONTOLÓGICAS DOS CENTROS DE SAÚDE DA CIDADE DE CUENCA
Milton Alexis Quinchiguano Caraguay, David Ismael Bravo Achundia , Esteban Eduardo Amoroso Calle, Manuel Estuardo Bravo Calderon
RECISATEC - REVISTA CIENTÍFICA SAÚDE E TECNOLOGIA - ISSN 2763-8405.2023; 3(6): e36296. CrossRef

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Surface gloss, gloss retention, and color stability of 2 nano-filled universal resin composites: Gustavo Fabián Molina, Ricardo Juan Cabral, Ignacio Mazzola, Michael Burrow; Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(4):e43. Published online October 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e43

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Objectives

This study compared the surface gloss (SG), gloss retention (GR), and color stability (CS) of 2 universal resin composites after chemical (CA) and mechanical (MA) aging.

Materials and Methods

Twenty disc-shaped samples of G-ænial A´Chord (GC-Europe) and Filtek Universal (3M-ESPE) were polished with sequential abrasive papers. For CA, specimens were stored in 1 mL of 75% ethanol for 15 days at 37°C, and readings (SG, GR, and CS) were obtained at baseline and 5, 10, and 15 days. For MA, specimens were subjected to 10,750 simulated brushing cycles. SG and CS were evaluated after every 3,583 cycles. SG was measured with a glossmeter (geometrical configuration: 60°), and values were expressed in gloss units. Color was measured with a spectrophotometer using the CIE-L*a*b* color system. The Student’s t-test, 1-way analysis of variance, and Scheffé test were used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05).

Results

G-ænial presented significantly higher SG values than Filtek (p = 0.02), with GR reductions of 5.2% (CA) and 5.3% (MA) for G-ænial and 7.6% (CA) and 7.2% (MA) for Filtek. The aging protocol had no statistically significant effect on SG or GR (p = 0.25) from baseline to the final readings. G-ænial–MA presented the lowest color difference (∆E = 1.8), and G-ænial–CA and Filtek–CA had the largest changes (∆E = 8.6 and ∆E = 11.8, respectively).

Conclusion

G-ænial presented higher SG values and better CS. Both restorative materials demonstrated acceptable GR and CS. Aging protocols impacted these properties negatively.

Citations

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Surface roughness of composite resins subjected to brushing with whitening toothpastes: an in vitro study
Nicolle Madruga Ramos FERREIRA, Vinicius Funghetto LIPPERT, Amanda Baptista da Silva HECK, Ana Maria SPOHR, Marcel Ferreira KUNRATH, Carlos Alberto FELDENS, Paulo Floriani KRAMER
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Evaluation of Color Stability and Surface Abrasion of Nano-modified Glass Ionomer Cement with Dentifrices: An In Vitro Study
Jessy Paulraj, Subhabrata Maiti, Harini Palani
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Fadia Awadalkreem, Nancy S Farghal, Nadin A Abouelhonoud, Raiyan I Khan
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Effect of different finishing and polishing systems on surface properties of universal single shade resin-based composites
Ghada Alharbi, Hend NA Al Nahedh, Loulwa M. Al-Saud, Nourah Shono, Ahmed Maawadh
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The Effect of Chemical Degradation and Polishing on the Gloss of Composite Dental Materials
Ružica Zovko, Stipo Cvitanović, Mirela Mabić, Zdenko Šarac, Anka Ćorić, Domagoj Glavina, Kristina Goršeta
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Influence of inorganic composition and filler particle morphology on the mechanical properties of self-adhesive resin cements: Marina Rodrigues Santi, Rodrigo Barros Esteves Lins, Beatriz Ometto Sahadi, Giovanna Corrêa Denucci, Gabriela Soffner, Luís Roberto Marcondes Martins; Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(3):e32. Published online July 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e32

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Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of inorganic composition and filler particle morphology on the mechanical properties of different self-adhesive resin cements (SARCs).

Materials and Methods

Three SARCs including RelyX Unicem-2 (RUN), Maxcem Elite (MAX), and Calibra Universal (CAL) were tested. Rectangular bar-shaped specimens were prepared for flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM) and determined by a 3-point bending test. The Knoop microhardness (KHN) and top/bottom microhardness ratio (%KHN) were conducted on the top and bottom faces of disc-shaped samples. Sorption (Wsp) and solubility (Wsl) were evaluated after 24 hours of water immersion. Filler morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). FS, FM, %KHN, Wsp, Wsl, and EDS results were submitted to 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc test, and KHN also to paired t-test (α = 0.05).

Results

SARC-CAL presented the highest FS value, and SARC-RUN presented the highest FM. SARC-MAX and RUN showed the lowest Wsp and Wsl values. KHN values decreased from top to bottom and the SARCs did not differ statistically. Also, all resin cements presented carbon, aluminum, and silica in their composition. SARC-MAX and RUN showed irregular and splintered particles while CAL presented small and regular size particles.

Conclusions

A higher mechanical strength can be achieved by a reduced spread in grit size and the filler morphology can influence the KHN, as well as photoinitiators in the composition. Wsp and Wsl can be correlated with ions diffusion of inorganic particles.

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Light transmittance through resin-matrix composite onlays adhered to resin-matrix cements or flowable composites
Rita Fidalgo-Pereira, Susana O. Catarino, Óscar Carvalho, Nélio Veiga, Orlanda Torres, Annabel Braem, Júlio C.M. Souza
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials.2024; 151: 106353. CrossRef
Effects of a relined fiberglass post with conventional and self-adhesive resin cement
Wilton Lima dos Santos Junior, Marina Rodrigues Santi, Rodrigo Barros Esteves Lins, Luís Roberto Marcondes Martins
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Dental Resin-Based Luting Materials—Review
Aleksandra Maletin, Milica Jeremić Knežević, Daniela Đurović Koprivica, Tanja Veljović, Tatjana Puškar, Bojana Milekić, Ivan Ristić
Polymers.2023; 15(20): 4156. CrossRef
A Scoping Review on the Polymerization of Resin-Matrix Cements Used in Restorative Dentistry
Rita Fidalgo-Pereira, Orlanda Torres, Óscar Carvalho, Filipe S. Silva, Susana O. Catarino, Mutlu Özcan, Júlio C. M. Souza
Materials.2023; 16(4): 1560. CrossRef

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Cytotoxicity of two self-adhesive resin cements and their interference in the phagocytic activity of murine macrophages: Danilo Couto da Silva, Leonardo Gomes Vaz, Warley Luciano Fonseca Tavares, Leda Quercia Vieira, Ricardo Reis de Oliveira, Antônio Paulino Ribeiro Sobrinho; Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(3):e31. Published online July 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e31

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Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effects of the self-adhesive resin cements RelyX U200 (3M ESPE) and seT PP (SDI Limited) on murine macrophages and the interference of the photoactivation.

Materials and Methods

Cell viability assays, cell adherence, yeast phagocytosis of Saccharomyces boulardii and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed in the presence of capillaries containing the respective self-adhesive cement when photoactivated or not.

Results

After long periods of contact, both types of cements, when not photoactivated, are more cytotoxic for macrophages. The seT PP cement when only chemically activated seems to interfere more negatively in the process of phagocytosis of yeasts S. boulardii. Both types of cements interfere in the cell adhesion process, independent of photoactivation. None of the types of cements tested was able to induce the production of ROS.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the great importance of the photoactivation of self-adhesive resin cements in the dental clinic, since RelyX U200, when photoactivated, presented the best results within the evaluated parameters.

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Influence of Preheating Self-Adhesive Cements on the Degree of Conversion, Cell Migration, and Cell Viability
Henrique Cantarelli, Fernando Antonio Costa Xavier, Fernando Freitas Portella, Keiichi Hosaka, Eduardo Galia Reston, Louis Hardan, Rim Bourgi, Celso Afonso Klein-Junior
Applied Mechanics.2024; 5(3): 553. CrossRef
Dental Luting Cements: An Updated Comprehensive Review
Artak Heboyan, Anna Vardanyan, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Anand Marya, Tatevik Avagyan, Hamid Tebyaniyan, Mohammed Mustafa, Dinesh Rokaya, Anna Avetisyan
Molecules.2023; 28(4): 1619. CrossRef

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Effects of 3 different light-curing units on the physico-mechanical properties of bleach-shade resin composites: Azin Farzad, Shahin Kasraei, Sahebeh Haghi, Mahboubeh Masoumbeigi, Hassan Torabzadeh, Narges Panahandeh; Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(1):e9. Published online February 7, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e9

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Objectives

This study investigated the microhardness, flexural strength, and color stability of bleach-shade resin composites cured with 3 different light-curing units.

Materials and Methods

In this in vitro experimental study, 270 samples were fabricated of bleach and A2 shades of 3 commercial resin composites (Point 4, G-aenial Anterior, and Estelite Sigma Quick). Samples (n = 5 for each trial) were cured with Bluephase N, Woodpecker LED.D, and Optilux 501 units and underwent Vickers microhardness and flexural strength tests. The samples were tested after 24 hours of storage in distilled water. Color was assessed using a spectrophotometer immediately after preparation and 24 hours after curing. Data were analyzed using 3-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.001).

Results

Samples cured with Optilux exhibited the highest and those cured with LED.D exhibited the lowest microhardness (p = 0.023). The bleach shade of Point 4 composite cured with Optilux displayed the highest flexural strength, while the same composite and shade cured with Sigma Quick exhibited the lowest (p ≤ 0.001). The color change after 24 hours was greatest for the bleach shade of G-aenial cured with Bluephase N and least for the A2 shade of Sigma Quick cured with Optilux (p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions

Light curing with polywave light-emitting diode (LED) yielded results between or statistically similar to those of quartz-tungsten-halogen and monowave LED in the microhardness and flexural strength of both A2 and bleach shades of resin composites. However, the brands of light-curing devices showed significant differences in color stability.

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Mechanical Behaviour of Novel Nanohybrid Resin Composite Using Two Light Cure Systems
Ghada H. Naguib, Jumana Mazhar, Abeer Alnowaiser, Abdulghani Mira, Hisham Mously, Rabab Aljawi, Samar H. Abuzinadah, Mohamed T. Hamed
International Dental Journal.2025; 75(2): 1136. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Depth of Cure by Microhardness of Bulk-Fill Composites with Monowave and Polywave LED Light-Curing Units
Socratis Thomaidis, Dimitris Kampouropoulos, Maria Antoniadou, Afrodite Kakaboura
Applied Sciences.2024; 14(24): 11532. CrossRef
Effect of hard segment chemistry and structure on the self‐healing properties of UV‐curable coatings based on the urethane acrylates with built‐in Diels–Alder adduct
Paulina Bednarczyk, Karolina Mozelewska, Małgorzata Nowak, Joanna Klebeko, Joanna Rokicka, Paula Ossowicz‐Rupniewska
Journal of Applied Polymer Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Dental Bleaching Agents on the Surface Roughness of Dental Restoration Materials
Alexandru Dan Popescu, Mihaela Jana Tuculina, Oana Andreea Diaconu, Lelia Mihaela Gheorghiță, Claudiu Nicolicescu, Cristian Niky Cumpătă, Cristiana Petcu, Jaqueline Abdul-Razzak, Ana Maria Rîcă, Ruxandra Voinea-Georgescu
Medicina.2023; 59(6): 1067. CrossRef
Effect of Polywave and Monowave Light Curing Units on Color Change of Composites Containing Trime-thylbenzoyl-Diphenyl-Phosphine Before and After Aging
Negar Madihi, Maryam Hoorizad ganjkar, Negin Nasoohi, Ali Kaboudanian Ardestani
Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences.2023; 8(4): 249. CrossRef

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Comparison of instrumental methods for color change assessment of Giomer resins: Luiza de Almeida Queiroz Ferreira, Rogéli Tibúrcio Ribeiro da Cunha Peixoto, Cláudia Silami de Magalhães, Tassiana Melo Sá, Monica Yamauti, Francisca Daniele Moreira Jardilino; Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(1):e8. Published online February 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e8

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Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the color change of the Giomer resin composite (Beautifil-Bulk) by using photographs obtained with a smartphone (iPhone 6S) associated with Adobe Photoshop software (digital method), with the spectrophotometric method (Vita Easyshade) after immersion in different pigment solutions.

Materials and Methods

Twenty resin composite samples with a diameter of 15.0 mm and thickness of 1.0 mm were confectioned in A2 color (n = 5). Photographs and initial color readings were performed with a smartphone and spectrophotometer, respectively. Then, samples were randomly divided and subjected to cycles of immersion in distilled water (control), açai, Coke, and tomato sauce, 3 times a day, 20 minutes for 7 days. Later, new photographs and color readings were taken.

Results

The analysis (2-way analysis of variance, Holm-Sidak, p < 0.05) demonstrated no statistical difference (p < 0.005) between the methods in all groups. Similar color changes were observed for all pigment solutions when using the spectrophotometric method. For the digital method, all color changes were clinically unacceptable, with distilled water and tomato sauce similar to each other and with statistical differences (p < 0.005) for Coke and açai.

Conclusions

Only the tomato sauce produced a color change above the acceptability threshold using both methods of color assessment. The spectrophotometric and digital methods produce different patterns of color change. According to our results, the spectrophotometric method is more recommended in color change assessment.

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Color Image Expression through CIE L*a*b* System in Foods
Hyun-Woong Choi, Seong-Eun Park, Hong-Seok Son
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2023; 52(2): 223. CrossRef

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A 3-year retrospective study of clinical durability of bulk-filled resin composite restorations: Muhittin Ugurlu, Fatmanur Sari; Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(1):e5. Published online December 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e5

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Objectives

This study aimed to assess the clinical longevity of a bulk-fill resin composite in Class II restorations for 3-year.

Materials and Methods

Patient record files acquired from the 40 patients who were treated due to needed 2 similar sizes Class II composite restorations were used for this retrospective study. In the experimental cavity, the flowable resin composite SDR was inserted in the dentinal part as a 4 mm intermediate layer. A 2 mm coverage layer with a nano-hybrid resin composite (CeramX) was placed on SDR. The control restoration was performed by an incremental technique of 2 mm using the nano-hybrid resin composite. The restorations were blindly assessed by 2 calibrated examiners using modified United States Public Health Service criteria at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 years. The data were analyzed using non-parametric tests (p = 0.05).

Results

Eighty Class II restorations were evaluated. After 3-years, 4 restorations (5%) failed, 1 SDR + CeramX, and 3 CeramX restorations. The annual failure rate (AFR) of the restorations was 1.7%. The SDR + CeramX group revealed an AFR of 0.8%, and the CeramX group an AFR of 2.5% (p > 0.05). Regarding anatomical form and marginal adaptation, significant alterations were observed in the CeramX group after 3-years (p < 0.05). The changes in the color match were observed in each group over time (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The use of SDR demonstrated good clinical durability in deep Class II resin composite restorations.

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Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Microhardness of New Generation Bulk-Fill Composites
Zehra SÜSGÜN YILDIRIM, Ezgi SONKAYA, Zeliha Gonca BEK KÜRKLÜ
Cumhuriyet Dental Journal.2023; 26(2): 180. CrossRef
Damping Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Restorative Materials for Primary Teeth
Thomas Niem, Roland Frankenberger, Stefanie Amend, Bernd Wöstmann, Norbert Krämer
Materials.2022; 15(21): 7698. CrossRef

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Spectrophotometric evaluation of restorative composite shades and their match with a classical shade guide: Rafael Melara, Luciana Mendonça, Fábio Herrmann Coelho-de-Souza, Juliana Nunes Rolla, Luciano de Souza Gonçalves; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(4):e60. Published online November 12, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e60

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Objectives

The aim of this study was to verify the match between 5 shades of composites from different manufacturers with a shade guide and among the systems using a portable spectrophotometer.

Materials and Methods

Shade measurements were performed on specimens of Z350 XT (3M ESPE), Charisma Diamond (Heraeus Kulzer GmbH), Esthet X-HD (Dentsply Caulk), and Empress Direct (Ivoclar-Vivadent) for shades A1, A2, A3, B1, and C3 using a Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer (Vita Zahnfabrik) against a white background. Corresponding shades of Vitapan Classical (Vita Zahnfabrik) guide were measured likewise and shade variation (ΔE) was calculated based on International Commission on Illumination L*a*b* parameters. The ΔE of the composites in each shade was compared by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05).

Results

All composites presented ΔE > 3.7 compared with the shade guide. Variation in shades A3, B1, and C3 was significantly different for all composites. ΔE of Z350 XT was significantly lower for A1 than for the other shades, whereas ΔE of Z350 XT and Charisma Diamond were significantly lower for A2 than for the other shades.

Conclusions

No composite shade matched with the shade guide. Equivalent shades of the restorative composite from different manufacturers may show clinically noticeable ΔE.

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Evaluation of the roughness, color match, and color stability of two monochromatic composite resins: a randomized controlled laboratory study
Iara Campos Santana, Sabrina Sobral de Oliveira, Karolina Pena Botelho, Renan Leonardi de Oliveira Rigotti, José Cristiano Ramos Glória, Adriana Maria Botelho, Dhelfeson Willya Douglas-de-Oliveira, Karine Taís Aguiar Tavano
BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Instrumental and Visual Evaluation of the Chameleon Effect of Single-shaded Composite Resins
RM Adiguzel, LK Kose, N Arhun
Operative Dentistry.2024; 49(4): 432. CrossRef
Color Stability of Bioactive Restorative Material vs Nanohybrid Resin Composite: An In Vitro Study
Esraa H Saber, Mohsen H Abielhassan, Yasser A Abed, Shereen E Fahim
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2024; 25(3): 221. CrossRef
A system for reliable composite shade matching: Custom shade tabs and an intra‐oral mockup
Adamo Notarantonio, Amanda Seay
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2023; 35(5): 787. CrossRef
Instrumental and visual evaluation of the color adjustment potential of a recently introduced single‑shade composite resin versus multishade composite resins
Jiakang Zhu, Yue Xu, Mengxun Li, Cui Huang
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Color Stability of Bioactive Restorative Materials After Immersion in Various Media
Shara I Sajini, Ali B Mushayt, Talal A Almutairi, Roaa Abuljadayel
Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.2022; 12(4): 418. CrossRef

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Errors in light-emitting diodes positioning when curing bulk fill and incremental composites: impact on properties after aging: Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad, Isadora M. Garcia, Haifa Maktabi, Maria Salem Ibrahim, Qoot Alkhubaizi, Howard Strassler, Fabrício M. Collares, Mary Anne S. Melo; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(4):e51. Published online September 24, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e51

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Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of improper positioning single-peak and multi-peak lights on color change, microhardness of bottom and top, and surface topography of bulk fill and incremental composites after artificial aging for 1 year.

Materials and Methods

Bulk fill and incremental composites were cured using multi-peak and single-peak light-emitting diode (LED) following 4 clinical conditions: (1) optimal condition (no angulation or tip displacement), (2) tip-displacement (2 mm), (3) slight tip angulation (α = 20°) and (4) moderate tip angulation (α = 35°). After 1-year of water aging, the specimens were analyzed for color changes (ΔE), Vickers hardness, surface topography (Ra, Rt, and Rv), and scanning electron microscopy.

Results

For samples cured by single-peak LED, the improper positioning significantly increases the color change compared to the optimal position regardless of the type of composite (p < 0.001). For multi-peak LED, the type of resin composite and the curing condition displayed a significant effect on ΔE (p < 0.001). For both LEDs, the Vickers hardness and bottom/top ratio of Vickers hardness were affected by the type of composite and the curing condition (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The bulk fill composite presented greater resistance to wear, higher color stability, and better microhardness than the incremental composite when subjected to improper curing. The multi-peak LED improves curing under improper conditions compared to single-peak LED. Prevention of errors when curing composites requires the attention of all personnel involved in the patient's care once the clinical relevance of the appropriate polymerization reflects on reliable long-term outcomes.

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The demineralization resistance and mechanical assessments of different bioactive restorative materials for primary and permanent teeth: an in vitro study
Maria Salem Ibrahim, Fahad Rakad Aldhafeeri, Abdullah Sami Banaemah, Mana S. Alhaider, Yousif A. Al-Dulaijan, Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
BDJ Open.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Inorganic Compounds as Remineralizing Fillers in Dental Restorative Materials: Narrative Review
Leena Ibraheem Bin-Jardan, Dalal Ibrahim Almadani, Leen Saleh Almutairi, Hadi A. Almoabid, Mohammed A. Alessa, Khalid S. Almulhim, Rasha N. AlSheikh, Yousif A. Al-Dulaijan, Maria S. Ibrahim, Afnan O. Al-Zain, Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(9): 8295. CrossRef

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Physicochemical characterization of two bulk fill composites at different depths: Guillermo Grazioli, Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez, Leina Nakanishi, Alejandro Francia, Rafael Ratto de Moraes; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(3):e39. Published online July 5, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e39

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Objectives

This study analyzed the physical-chemical behavior of 2 bulk fill resin composites (BFCs; Filtek Bulk Fill [FBF], and Tetric-N-Ceram Bulk Fill [TBF]) used in 2- and 4-mm increments and compared them with a conventional resin composite (Filtek Z250).

Materials and Methods

Flexural strength and elastic modulus were evaluated by using a 3-point bending test. Knoop hardness was measured at depth areas 0–1, 1–2, 2–3, and 3–4 mm. The translucency parameter was measured using an optical spectrophotometer. Real-time polymerization kinetics was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Results

Flexural strength was similar among the materials, while TBF showed lower elastic modulus (Z250: 6.6 ± 1.3, FBF: 6.4 ± 0.9, TBF: 4.3 ± 1.3). The hardness of Z250 was similar only between 0–1 mm and 1–2 mm. Both BFCs had similar hardness until 2–3 mm, and showed significant decreases at 3–4 mm (FBF: 33.45 ± 1.95 at 0–1 mm to 23.19 ± 4.32 at 3–4 mm, TBF: 23.17 ± 2.51 at 0–1 mm to 15.11 ± 1.94 at 3–4 mm). The BFCs showed higher translucency than Z250. The polymerization kinetics of all the materials were similar at 2-mm increments. At 4-mm, only TBF had a similar degree of conversion compared with 2 mm.

Conclusions

The BFCs tested had similar performance compared to the conventional composite when used in up to 2-mm increments. When the increment was thicker, the BFCs were properly polymerized only up to 3 mm.

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Translucency of bulk‐fill composite materials: A systematic review
Gaetano Paolone, Sofia Baldani, Niccolò De Masi, Mauro Mandurino, Giacomo Collivasone, Nicola Scotti, Enrico Gherlone, Giuseppe Cantatore
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2024; 36(7): 995. CrossRef
Can composite packaging and selective enamel etching affect the clinical behavior of bulk-fill composite resin in posterior restorations? 24-month results of a randomized clinical trial
Marcos de Oliveira BARCELEIRO, Chane TARDEM, Elisa Gomes ALBUQUERQUE, Leticia de Souza LOPES, Stella Soares MARINS, Luiz Augusto POUBEL, Roberta BARCELOS, Romina ÑAUPARI-VILLASANTE, Alessandro Dourado LOGUERCIO, Fernanda Signorelli CALAZANS
Journal of Applied Oral Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
No-Cap Flowable Bulk-Fill Composite: Physico-Mechanical Assessment
Abdullah Alshehri, Feras Alhalabi, Ali Robaian, Mohammed A. S. Abuelqomsan, Abdulrahman Alshabib, Eman Ismail, Faisal Alzamil, Nawaf Alotaibi, Hamad Algamaiah
Polymers.2023; 15(8): 1847. CrossRef
The Microhardness and Surface Roughness Assessment of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites Treated with and without the Application of an Oxygen-Inhibited Layer and a Polishing System: An In Vitro Study
Ann Carrillo-Marcos, Giuliany Salazar-Correa, Leonor Castro-Ramirez, Marysela Ladera-Castañeda, Carlos López-Gurreonero, Hernán Cachay-Criado, Ana Aliaga-Mariñas, Alberto Cornejo-Pinto, Luis Cervantes-Ganoza, César Félix Cayo-Rojas
Polymers.2022; 14(15): 3053. CrossRef

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Microleakage and characteristics of resin-tooth tissues interface of a self-etch and an etch-and-rinse adhesive systems: Xuan Vinh Tran, Khanh Quang Tran; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(2):e30. Published online May 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e30

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Objectives

This study was conducted to compare the microleakage and characteristics of the resin-tooth tissue interface between self-etch and etch-and-rinse adhesive systems after 48 hours and 3 months.

Materials and Methods

40 extracted premolar teeth were randomly divided into 2 groups: 1-step self-etch adhesive system – Optibond™ All-In-One, and 2-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system - Adper™ Single Bond 2. Both groups were subjected to 500 thermocycles (5°C–55°C) before scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis or microleakage trial at 48-hour and 3-month time periods.

Results

SEM images showed the hybrid layer thickness, diameter, and length of resin tags of the self-etch adhesive (0.42 ± 0.14 µm; 1.49 ± 0.45 µm; 16.35 ± 14.26 µm) were smaller than those of the etch-and-rinse adhesive (4.39 ± 1.52 µm; 3.49 ± 1 µm; 52.81 ± 35.81 µm). In dentin, the microleakage scores of the 2 adhesives were not different in both time periods (48 hours/3 months). However, the microleakage score of etch-and-rinse adhesive increased significantly after 3 months (0.8 ± 0.63 and 1.9 ± 0.88, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The self-etch adhesive exhibited better long-term sealing ability in dentin when compared to that of the etch-and-rinse adhesive. The greater hybrid layer thickness and dimensions of resin tags did not guarantee reliable, long-lasting sealing in the bonding area.

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Ravinder S. Saini, Rajesh Vyas, Sunil Kumar Vaddamanu, Syed Altafuddin Quadri, Seyed Ali Mosaddad, Artak Heboyan
Evidence-Based Dentistry.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Nabih Alkhouri, Wendy Xia, Paul Ashley, Anne Young
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Lucineide Silva da Rocha, Daniela Ferreira de Oliveira, Cinthya Luna Veloso de Lima, Ticiano Gomes do Nascimento, Johnnatan Duarte de Freitas, Jeniffer Mclaine Duarte de Freitas, Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes Porto
European Journal of Oral Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploration and preliminary clinical investigation of an adhesive approach for primary tooth restoration
Xiangqin Xu, Jiansheng Zhu, May Lei Mei, Huaying Wu, Kaipeng Xie, Shoulin Wang, Yaming Chen
The Journal of Biomedical Research.2023; 37(2): 138. CrossRef
Adhesion to enamel and dentine: an update
Rana Alkattan
Primary Dental Journal.2023; 12(3): 33. CrossRef
Effects of carbodiimide combined with ethanol–wet bonding pretreatment on dentin bonding properties: an in vitro study
Xiaoxiao You, Long Chen, Jie Xu, Sihui Li, Zhenghao Zhang, Ling Guo
PeerJ.2022; 10: e14238. CrossRef
The effects of amalgam contamination and different surface modifications on microleakage of dentin bonded to bulk fill composite when using different adhesive protocols
Nojoud Alshehri, Abdullah Aljamhan, Mohammed Bin-Shuwaish
BMC Oral Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of low-shrinkage dental adhesives via blending with spiroorthocarbonate expanding monomer and unsaturated epoxy resin monomer
Zonghua Wang, Xiaoran Zhang, Shuo Yao, Jiaxin Zhao, Chuanjian Zhou, Junling Wu
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials.2022; 133: 105308. CrossRef
Influence of silver nanoparticles on the resin-dentin bond strength and antibacterial activity of a self-etch adhesive system
Jia Wang, Wei Jiang, Jingping Liang, Shujun Ran
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.2022; 128(6): 1363.e1. CrossRef

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Retrospective study of fracture survival in endodontically treated molars: the effect of single-unit crowns versus direct-resin composite restorations: Kanet Chotvorrarak, Warattama Suksaphar, Danuchit Banomyong; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(2):e29. Published online May 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e29

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Objectives

This study was conducted to compare the post-fracture survival rate of endodontically treated molar endodontically treated teeth (molar ETT) restored with resin composites or crowns and to identify potential risk factors, using a retrospective cohort design.

Materials and Methods

Dental records of molar ETT with crowns or composite restorations (recall period, 2015–2019) were collected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The incidence of unrestorable fractures was identified, and molar ETT were classified according to survival. Information on potential risk factors was collected. Survival rates and potential risk factors were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier log-rank test and Cox regression model.

Results

The overall survival rate of molar ETT was 87% (mean recall period, 31.73 ± 17.56 months). The survival rates of molar ETT restored with composites and crowns were 81.6% and 92.7%, reflecting a significant difference (p < 0.05). However, ETT restored with composites showed a 100% survival rate if only 1 surface was lost, which was comparable to the survival rate of ETT with crowns. The survival rates of ETT with composites and crowns were significantly different (97.6% vs. 83.7%) in the short-term (12–24 months), but not in the long-term (> 24 months) (87.8% vs. 79.5%).

Conclusions

The survival rate from fracture was higher for molar ETT restored with crowns was higher than for ETT restored with composites, especially in the first 2 years after restoration. Molar ETT with limited tooth structure loss only on the occlusal surface could be successfully restored with composite restorations.

Citations

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Risk factors for the appearance of cracks and fractures of teeth according to a survey of dentists
Emilia A. Olesova, Alexander A. Ilyin, Sergey D. Arutyunov, Elena V. Glazkova, Arsen A. Popov, Svetlana P. Iarilkina
Russian Journal of Dentistry.2024; 28(6): 562. CrossRef
Performance of Bonded Lithium Disilicate Partial-coverage Crowns in the Restoration of Endodontically Treated Posterior Teeth: An Up to Seven-Year Retrospective Study
Q Jiang, Z Wang, S Zhang, X Liu, B Fu
Operative Dentistry.2024; 49(4): 365. CrossRef
In Vitro Bond Strength of Dentin Treated with Sodium Hypochlorite: Effects of Antioxidant Solutions
Guillermo Grazioli, Elisa de León Cáceres, Romina Tessore, Rafael Lund, Ana Monjarás-Ávila, Monika Lukomska-Szymanska, Louis Hardan, Rim Bourgi, Carlos Cuevas-Suárez
Antioxidants.2024; 13(9): 1116. CrossRef
Stress Analysis on Mesiolingual Cavity of Endodontically Treated Molar Restored Using Bidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Composite (Wallpapering Technique)
Harnia Neri, Dudi Aripin, Anna Muryani, Hendra Dharsono, Yolanda Yolanda, Andi Mahyuddin
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry.2024; Volume 16: 75. CrossRef
Effect of Luting Cement Film Thickness on the Pull-Out Bond Strength of Endodontic Post Systems
Khalil Aleisa, Syed Rashid Habib, Abdul Sadekh Ansari, Ragad Altayyar, Shahad Alharbi, Sultan Ali S. Alanazi, Khalid Tawfik Alduaiji
Polymers.2021; 13(18): 3082. CrossRef

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Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of single-cone obturation with three sealers: Sahar Zare, Ivy Shen, Qiang Zhu, Chul Ahn, Carolyn Primus, Takashi Komabayashi; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(2):e25. Published online April 16, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e25

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This study used micro-computed tomography (µCT) to compare voids and interfaces in single-cone obturation among AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, and prototype surface pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) sealers and to determine the percentage of sealer contact at the dentin and gutta-percha (GP) interfaces.

Materials and Methods

Fifteen single-rooted human teeth were shaped using ProTaper NEXT size X5 rotary files using 2.5% NaOCl irrigation. Roots were obturated with a single-cone ProTaper NEXT GP point X5 with AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, or prototype S-PRG sealer (n = 5/group).

Results

The volumes of GP, sealer, and voids were measured in the region of 0–2, 2–4, 4–6, and 6–8 mm from the apex, using image analysis of sagittal µCT scans. GP volume percentages were: AH Plus (75.5%), EndoSequence BC (87.3%), and prototype S-PRG (94.4%). Sealer volume percentages were less: AH Plus (14.3%), EndoSequence BC (6.8%), and prototype S-PRG (4.6%). Void percentages were AH Plus (10.1%), EndoSequence BC (5.9%), and prototype S-PRG (1.0%). Dentin-sealer contact ratios of AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, and prototype S-PRG groups were 82.4% ± 6.8%, 71.6% ± 25.3%, and 70.2% ± 9.4%, respectively. GP-sealer contact ratios of AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, and prototype S-PRG groups were 65.6% ± 29.1%, 80.7% ± 25.8%, and 87.0% ± 8.6%, respectively.

Conclusions

Prototype S-PRG sealer created a low-void obturation, similar to EndoSequence BC sealer with similar dentin-sealer contact (> 70%) and GP-sealer contact (> 80%). Prototype S-PRG sealer presented comparable filling quality to EndoSequence BC sealer.

Citations

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Assessment of gap areas of root filling techniques in teeth with 3D-printed different configurations of C-shaped root canals: a micro-computed tomography study
Tuba Gok, Adem Gok, Haydar Onur Aciksoz
BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessment of isthmus filling using two obturation techniques performed by students with different levels of clinical experience
Yang Yu, Chong-Yang Yuan, Xing-Zhe Yin, Xiao-Yan Wang
Journal of Dental Sciences.2024; 19(1): 169. CrossRef
Micro-CT determination of the porosity of two tricalcium silicate sealers applied using three obturation techniques
Jinah Kim, Kali Vo, Gurmukh S. Dhaliwal, Aya Takase, Carolyn Primus, Takashi Komabayashi
Journal of Oral Science.2024; 66(3): 163. CrossRef
Ex-vivo evaluation of clinically-set hydraulic sealers used with different canal dryness protocols and obturation techniques: a randomized clinical trial
Nawar Naguib Nawar, Mohamed Mohamed Elashiry, Ahmed El Banna, Shehabeldin Mohamed Saber, Edgar Schäfer
Clinical Oral Investigations.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Hydraulic (Single Cone) Versus Thermogenic (Warm Vertical Compaction) Obturation Techniques: A Systematic Review
Haytham S Jaha
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Sealing ability of various endodontic sealers with or without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) treatment on bovine root canal
Yusuke AIGAMI, Tomofumi SAWADA, Shunsuke SHIMIZU, Akiko ASANO, Mamoru NODA, Shinji TAKEMOTO
Dental Materials Journal.2024; 43(3): 420. CrossRef
A Literature Review of the Effect of Heat on the Physical-Chemical Properties of Calcium Silicate–Based Sealers
Israa Ashkar, José Luis Sanz, Leopoldo Forner, James Ghilotti, María Melo
Journal of Endodontics.2024; 50(8): 1044. CrossRef
Assessment of the Prevalence of Head Lice Infestation and Parents’ Attitudes Towards Its Management: A School-based Epidemiological Study in İstanbul, Türkiye
Özben Özden, İnci Timur, Hale Ezgi Açma, Duygu Şimşekli, Barış Gülerman, Özgür Kurt
Turkish Journal of Parasitology.2023; 47(2): 112. CrossRef
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Gabriela Leite de Souza, Thamara Eduarda Alves Magalhães, Gabrielle Alves Nunes Freitas, Nelly Xiomara Alvarado Lemus, Gabriella Lopes de Rezende Barbosa, Anielle Christine Almeida Silva, Camilla Christian Gomes Moura
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Micro‐CT assessment of gap‐containing areas along the gutta‐percha‐sealer interface in oval‐shaped canals
Gustavo De‐Deus, Gustavo O. Santos, Iara Zamboni Monteiro, Daniele M. Cavalcante, Marco Simões‐Carvalho, Felipe G. Belladonna, Emmanuel J. N. L. Silva, Erick M. Souza, Raphael Licha, Carla Zogheib, Marco A. Versiani
International Endodontic Journal.2022; 55(7): 795. CrossRef
A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study root canal fillings
Gustavo De‐Deus, Erick Miranda Souza, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, Felipe Gonçalves Belladonna, Marco Simões‐Carvalho, Daniele Moreira Cavalcante, Marco Aurélio Versiani
International Endodontic Journal.2022; 55(S2): 384. CrossRef
Use of micro-CT to examine effects of heat on coronal obturation
Ivy Shen, Joan Daniel, Kali Vo, Chul Ahn, Carolyn Primus, Takashi Komabayashi
Journal of Oral Science.2022; 64(3): 224. CrossRef
Obturation of Root Canals By Vertical Condensation of Gutta-Percha – Benefits and Pitfalls
Calkovsky Bruno, Slobodnikova Ladislava, Bacinsky Martin, Janickova Maria
Acta Medica Martiniana.2021; 21(3): 103. CrossRef

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Clinical performance of class I cavities restored with bulk fill composite at a 1-year follow-up using the FDI criteria: a randomized clinical trial: Chinni Suneelkumar, Puttaganti Harshala, Koppolu Madhusudhana, Anumula Lavanya, Anirudhan Subha, Sannapureddy Swapna; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(2):e24. Published online April 16, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e24

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

The present study aimed to evaluate the survival rate and clinical performance of class 1 composite restorations restored with the Filtek Bulk Fill composite material using either the bulk fill technique or the incremental technique at baseline (1 week) and at 3, 6 and 12 months of follow-up.

Materials and Methods

Forty-two patients with at least 2 carious teeth were selected. Following randomization, one tooth was restored with the Filtek Bulk Fill composite using the incremental fill technique, and the other tooth was restored with the same material using the bulk fill technique. Patients were recalled for follow-up at baseline (1 week) and 3, 6, and 12 months and evaluated using the FDI criteria.

Results

The data were analyzed using the McNemar χ² test. No statistically significant differences were found between the scores of teeth restored with either technique. At baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up; there were no significant difference in the clinical status of both groups of restorations.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, using the bulk fill technique for restorations with the Filtek Bulk Fill material seems to be equally efficient to using the incremental fill technique.

Trial Registration

Clinical Trials Registry-India Identifier: CTRI/2017/07/008961

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Clinical, radiographic and biochemical assessment of proximal cavities restored with composite resin using incremental vs. bulk packing techniques: One-year randomized clinical trial
Monaliza Maher Abdelaziz, Shereen Fathy, Amany Ahmed Alaraby, Wessam Ibrahim Shehab, Marwa Mohamed Temirek
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Outcomes of Bulk‐Fill Resin Composite Restorations: A 10‐Year Mapping Review and Evidence Gap Map
Anna Júlia Oliveira de Menezes, Lucas do Nascimento Barbosa, Juan Vitor Costa Leite, Laryssa Mylenna Madruga Barbosa, Robinsom Viégas Montenegro, Raquel Venâncio Fernandes Dantas, Grace Mendonça de Souza, Ana Karina Maciel de Andrade, Renally Bezerra Wand
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The 24 months clinical evaluation of class II bulk fill composite restorations
Serdar Akarsu, Ebru Uslu Cender, Tuğçe Yılmaz, Dilara Yıldız, Sultan Aktuğ Karademir
Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology.2024; 13(2): 72. CrossRef
Patients´ satisfaction concerning direct anterior dental restoration
Bruna Neves de Freitas, Paulo Oliveira da Silva, Karen Pintado-Palomino, Cecília Vilela Vasconcelos Barros de Almeida, Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel, Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona, Saulo Geraldeli, Brigitte Grosgogeat, Jean-François Roulet, Camila Tir
Brazilian Dental Journal.2023; 34(3): 82. CrossRef
Randomized prospective clinical trial of class II restorations using flowable bulk-fill resin composites: 4-year follow-up
Isis Almela Endo Hoshino, André Luiz Fraga Briso, Lara Maria Bueno Esteves, Paulo Henrique dos Santos, Sandra Meira Borghi Frascino, Ticiane Cestari Fagundes
Clinical Oral Investigations.2022; 26(9): 5697. CrossRef
Evaluation Of The Clinical Performance Of Different Bulk-Fill Composites According To Clinical Evaluation Criteria
Özlem Akyüz Begeç, Emrullah Bahşi
Annals of Dental Specialty.2021; 9(1): 53. CrossRef

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Color assessment of resin composite by using cellphone images compared with a spectrophotometer: Rafaella Mariana Fontes de Bragança, Rafael Ratto Moraes, André Luis Faria-e-Silva; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(2):e23. Published online April 5, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e23

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This study assessed the reliability of digital color measurements using images of resin composite specimens captured with a cellphone.

Materials and Methods

The reference color of cylindrical specimens built-up with the use of resin composite (shades A1, A2, A3, and A4) was measured with a portable spectrophotometer (CIELab). Images of the specimens were obtained individually or pairwise (compared shades in the same photograph) under standardized parameters. The color of the specimens was measured in the images using RGB system and converted to CIELab system using image processing software. Whiteness index (WI_D) and color differences (ΔE₀₀) were calculated for each color measurement method. For the cellphone, the ΔE₀₀ was calculated between the pairs of shades in separate images and in the same image. Data were analyzed using 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (α = 0.05). Linear regression models were used to predict the reference ΔE₀₀ values of those calculated using color measured in the images.

Results

Images captured with the cellphone resulted in different WI_D values from the spectrophotometer only for shades A3 and A4. No difference to the reference ΔE₀₀ was observed when individual images were used. In general, a similar ranking of ΔE₀₀ among resin composite shades was observed for all methods. Stronger correlation coefficients with the reference ΔE₀₀ were observed using individual than pairwise images.

Conclusions

This study showed that the use of cellphone images to measure the color difference seems to be a feasible alternative providing outcomes similar to those obtained with the spectrophotometer.

Citations

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Evaluation of color stability in single-shade composite resins using spectrophotometer and cross-polarized mobile photography
Hatice Tepe, Ozge Celiksoz, Batu Can Yaman
BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Color discrepancy of single-shade composites at different distances from the interface measured using cell phone images
Márcia Luciana Carregosa Santana, Gabriella de Jesus Santos Livi, André Luis Faria-e-Silva
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Aman Verma, Sonali Taneja, Surabhi Ghosh
World Journal of Dentistry.2023; 14(9): 803. CrossRef
Comparison of instrumental methods for color change assessment of Giomer resins
Luiza de Almeida Queiroz Ferreira, Rogéli Tibúrcio Ribeiro da Cunha Peixoto, Cláudia Silami de Magalhães, Tassiana Melo Sá, Monica Yamauti, Francisca Daniele Moreira Jardilino
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Review Article

Wear of contemporary dental composite resin restorations: a literature review: Dimitrios Dionysopoulos, Olga Gerasimidou; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(2):e18. Published online February 25, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e18

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Composite resins are the most commonly used dental restorative materials after minimally invasive dental procedures, and they offer an aesthetically pleasing appearance. An ideal composite restorative material should have wear properties similar to those of tooth tissues. Wear refers to the damaging, gradual loss or deformation of a material at solid surfaces. Depending on the mechanism of action, wear can be categorized as abrasive, adhesive, fatigue, or corrosive. Currently used composite resins cover a wide range of materials with diverse properties, offering dental clinicians multiple choices for anterior and posterior teeth. In order to improve the mechanical properties and the resistance to wear of composite materials, many types of monomers, silane coupling agents, and reinforcing fillers have been developed. Since resistance to wear is an important factor in determining the clinical success of composite resins, the purpose of this literature review was to define what constitutes wear. The discussion focuses on factors that contribute to the extent of wear as well as to the prevention of wear. Finally, the behavior of various types of existing composite materials such as nanohybrid, flowable, and computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing materials, was investigated, along with the factors that may cause or contribute to their wear.

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Research Articles

Assessment of the radiant emittance of damaged/contaminated dental light-curing tips by spectrophotometric methods: Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad, Isadora Garcia, Fabrício Collares, Cristopher M. Felix, Nisha Ganesh, Qoot Alkabashi, Ward Massei, Howard Strassler, Mary Anne Melo; Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(4):e55. Published online November 3, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e55

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This study investigated the effects of physically damaged and resin-contaminated tips on radiant emittance, comparing them with new undamaged, non-contaminated tips using 3 pieces of spectrophotometric laboratory equipment.

Materials and Methods

Nine tips with damage and/or resin contaminants from actual clinical situations were compared with a new tip without damage or contamination (control group). The radiant emittance was recorded using 3 spectrophotometric methods: a laboratory-grade thermopile, a laboratory-grade integrating sphere, and a portable light collector (checkMARC).

Results

A significant difference between the laboratory-grade thermopile and the laboratory-grade integrating sphere was found when the radiant emittance values of the control or damaged/contaminated tips were investigated (p < 0.05), but both methods were comparable to checkMARC (p > 0.05). Regardless of the method used to quantify the light output, the mean radiant emittance values of the damaged/contaminated tips were significantly lower than those of the control (p < 0.05). The beam profile of the damaged/contaminated tips was less homogeneous than that of the control.

Conclusions

Damaged/contaminated tips can reduce the radiant emittance output and the homogeneity of the beam, which may affect the energy delivered to composite restorations. The checkMARC spectrophotometer device can be used in dental offices, as it provided values close to those produced by a laboratory-grade integrated sphere spectrophotometer. Dentists should assess the radiant emittance of their light-curing units to ensure optimal curing in photoactivated, resin-based materials.

Citations

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Evaluation of Radiant Power of the Light Curing Units Used in Clinics at Governmental and Privates Dental Faculties
Sami Ali Hasan, Ibrahim Al-Shami, Mohsen Al-Hamzi, Ghadeer Alwadai, Nada Alamoudi, Saleh Alqahtani, Arwa Daghrery, Wafa Alaajam, Mansoor Shariff, Hussain Kinani, Mohammed Al Moaleem
Medical Devices: Evidence and Research.2024; Volume 17: 301. CrossRef
Evaluation of the information provided in the instruction manuals of dental light‐curing units
Afnan O. Al‐Zain, Eman H. Ismail, Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad, Osamah Toras, Yousif Alharthy, Rafa Alsultan, Abeer Alrossais, Richard B. Price
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2024; 36(10): 1466. CrossRef
Utilizing Light Cure Units: A Concise Narrative Review
Fatin A. Hasanain, Hani M. Nassar
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Haifa Maktabi, Maria Salem Ibrahim, Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad, Qoot Alkhubaizi, Isadora Martini Garcia, Fabrício Mezzomo Collares, Howard Strassler, Ana Paula P. Fugolin, Carmem S. Pfeifer, Mary Anne S. Melo
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Effect of phytic acid as an endodontic chelator on resin adhesion to sodium hypochlorite-treated dentin: Mohannad Nassar, Noriko Hiraishi, Md. Sofiqul Islam, Maria JRH. Romero, Masayuki Otsuki, Junji Tagami; Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(4):e44. Published online August 24, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e44

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Objectives

Phytic acid (IP6), a naturally occurring agent, has been previously reported as a potential alternative to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). However, its effect on adhesion to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)-treated dentin and its interactions with NaOCl have not been previously reported. Thus, in this study, the effects of IP6 on resin adhesion to NaOCl-treated dentin and the failure mode were investigated and the interactions between the used agents were analyzed.

Materials and Methods

Micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) testing was performed until failure on dentin treated with either distilled water (control), 5% NaOCl, or 5% NaOCl followed with chelators: 17% EDTA for 1 minute or 1% IP6 for 30 seconds or 1 minute. The failed specimens were assessed under a scanning electron microscope. The reaction of NaOCl with EDTA or IP6 was analyzed in terms of temperature, pH, effervescence, and chlorine odor, and the effects of the resulting mixtures on the color of a stained paper were recorded.

Results

The µTBS values of the control and NaOCl with chelator groups were not significantly different, but were all significantly higher than that of the group treated with NaOCl only. In the failure analysis, a distinctive feature was the presence of resin tags in samples conditioned with IP6 after treatment with NaOCl. The reaction of 1% IP6 with 5% NaOCl was less aggressive than the reaction of the latter with 17% EDTA.

Conclusions

IP6 reversed the adverse effects of NaOCl on resin-dentin adhesion without the chlorine-depleting effect of EDTA.

Citations

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The Effect of Chemical Surface Modification on the Repair Bond Strength of Resin Composite: An In Vitro Study
Md Sofiqul Islam, Shadi El Bahra, Smriti Aryal A C, Vivek Padmanabhan, Abdulaziz Al Tawil, Ihab Saleh, Muhammed Mustahsen Rahman, Upoma Guha
Polymers.2025; 17(4): 513. CrossRef
Advancing Adhesive Strategies for Endodontically Treated Teeth—Part I: Impact of Endodontic Irrigation Protocols on the Chemical Composition and Structural Integrity of Coronal Dentin
Joana A. Marques, Rui I. Falacho, Sara Fateixa, Francisco Caramelo, João Miguel Santos, João Rocha, Markus B. Blatz, João Carlos Ramos, Paulo J. Palma
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of collagen crosslinkers on sodium hypochlorite treated dentin bond strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Weiqing Zhou, Shuting Feng, Xiaojun Chu, Shuaimei Xu, Xiongqun Zeng
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Oracle of phytic acid in dental panacea – Insight into properties, therapeutic effect, regeneration, materials interaction and oral physiology
Ummey Salma, C. Pushpalatha, SV. Sowmya, Dominic Augustine, Ahmed Alamoudi, Bassam Zidane, Nassreen Hassan Mohammad Albar, Shilpa Bhandi
The Saudi Dental Journal.2024; 36(8): 1093. CrossRef
In Vitro Bond Strength of Dentin Treated with Sodium Hypochlorite: Effects of Antioxidant Solutions
Guillermo Grazioli, Elisa de León Cáceres, Romina Tessore, Rafael Lund, Ana Monjarás-Ávila, Monika Lukomska-Szymanska, Louis Hardan, Rim Bourgi, Carlos Cuevas-Suárez
Antioxidants.2024; 13(9): 1116. CrossRef
Is a mix – A fix? “A microscopic analysis of depth of penetration of three combinations of irrigants”
Yantrapragada Lakshmi Sunanda, Krishna Prasad Parvathaneni, T. B. V. G. Raju, Abitha Seshadri, Nadimpalli Mahendra Varma, Gowtam Dev Dondapati
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.2024; 27(2): 186. CrossRef
Effect of phytic acid on dentinal collagen solubilization and its binding and debinding potentials to dentin
Diletta Forgione, Mohannad Nassar, Roda Seseogullari-Dirihan, Ahmed Jamleh, Arzu Tezvergil-Mutluay
Journal of Dentistry.2023; 128: 104361. CrossRef
Application of Inositol Hexaphosphate and Inositol in Dental Medicine: An Overview
Ana Druzijanic, Mare Kovic, Marija Roguljic, Livia Cigic, Martina Majstorovic, Ivana Vucenik
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Ex-vivo study about antimicrobial effectiveness of phytic acid against Enterococcus faecalis into root canals
Giulia BOSCHI, Giorgio PICCINELLI, Carlo BONFANTI, Stefano A. SALGARELLO
Minerva Dental and Oral Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of phytic acid on bond strength and interfacial integrity of universal adhesive to deep dentin
Ahmed Mostafa Attia, Ahmed Fawzy Abo-Elezz, Rehab Khalil Safy
Brazilian Dental Journal.2022; 33(5): 116. CrossRef
Resin-Based Cement Applied to Enamel and Dentin Pre-Treated with Phytic Acid: An In Vitro Study
Mohannad Nassar, Md. Sofiqul Islam, Smriti Aryal A C, Hatem Mostafa El-Damanhoury, Salvatore Sauro, Noriko Hiraishi
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Postspace pretreatment with 17% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 7% maleic acid, and 1% phytic acid on bond strength of fiber posts luted with a self-adhesive resin cement
PriyaC Yadav, Ramya Raghu, Ashish Shetty, Subhashini Rajasekhara
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Phytic Acid: Properties and Potential Applications in Dentistry
Mohannad Nassar, Rania Nassar, Husain Maki, Abdullah Al-Yagoob, Mahmood Hachim, Abiola Senok, David Williams, Noriko Hiraishi
Frontiers in Materials.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Bonding of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement to dentin using universal adhesives: Muhittin Ugurlu; Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(3):e36. Published online June 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e36

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This study aims to assess the effect of universal adhesives pretreatment on the bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement to dentin.

Materials and Methods

Fifty caries-free human third molars were employed. The teeth were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 10) based on dentin surface pretreatments: Single Bond Universal (3M Oral Care), Gluma Bond Universal (Heraeus Kulzer), Prime&Bond Elect (Dentsply), Cavity Conditioner (GC) and control (no surface treatment). After Fuji II LC (GC) was bonded to the dentin surfaces, the specimens were stored for 7 days at 37°C. The specimens were segmented into microspecimens, and the microspecimens were subjugated to microtensile bond strength testing (1.0 mm/min). The modes of failure analyzed using a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and Duncan tests (p = 0.05).

Results

The surface pretreatments with the universal adhesives and conditioner increased the bond strength of Fuji II LC to dentin (p < 0.05). Single Bond Universal and Gluma Bond Universal provided higher bond strength to Fuji II LC than Cavity Conditioner (p < 0.05). The bond strengths obtained from Prime&Bond Elect and Cavity Conditioner were not statistically different (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The universal adhesives and polyacrylic acid conditioner could increase the bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to dentin. The use of universal adhesives before the application of RMGIC may be more beneficial in improving bond strength.

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Clinical evaluation of giomer-based injectable resin composite versus resin-modified glass ionomer in class V carious lesions over 18 months: A randomized clinical trial
Reham Hendam, Rania Mosallam, Dina Kamal
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Shimaa Rifaat, Ahmed Rahoma, Hind Muneer Alharbi, Sawsan Jamal Kazim, Shrouq Ali Aljuaid, Basmah Omar Alakloby, Faraz A. Farooqi, Noha Taymour
Prosthesis.2025; 7(1): 18. CrossRef
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Ila Srinivasan, Yuthi Milit, Anushka Das, Neeraja Ramamurthy
International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry.2024; 17(5): 565. CrossRef
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WT Koh, OT Yeoh, NA Yahya, AU Yap
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Gufa Bagus Pamungkas, Dyah Karunia, Sri Suparwitri
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Mohammad Kamran Khan
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Juliana Benace Fernandes, Sheila Mondragón Contreras, Manuela da Silva Spinola, Graziela Ribeiro Batista, Eduardo Bresciani, Taciana Marco Ferraz Caneppele
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Gesti Kartiko Sari, Sri Kuswandari, Putri Kusuma Wardani Mahendra
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Journal of Functional Biomaterials.2021; 12(3): 42. CrossRef

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Effect of dental bleaching on the microhardness and surface roughness of sealed composite resins: Renan Aparecido Fernandes, Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon, Thaís Yumi Umeda Suzuki, André Luiz Fraga Briso, Paulo Henrique dos Santos; Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(1):e12. Published online January 10, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e12

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microhardness and surface roughness of composite resins before and after tooth bleaching procedures.

Materials and Methods

Sixty specimens were prepared of each composite resin (Filtek Supreme XT and Opallis), and BisCover LV surface sealant was applied to half of the specimens. Thirty enamel samples were obtained from the buccal and lingual surfaces of human molars for use as the control group. The surface roughness and microhardness were measured before and after bleaching procedures with 35% hydrogen peroxide or 16% carbamide (n = 10). Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and the Fisher test (α = 0.05).

Results

Neither hydrogen peroxide nor carbamide peroxide treatment significantly altered the hardness of the composite resins, regardless of surface sealant application; however, both treatments significantly decreased the hardness of the tooth samples (p < 0.05). The bleaching did not cause any change in surface roughness, with the exception of the unsealed Opallis composite resin and dental enamel, both of which displayed an increase in surface roughness after bleaching with carbamide peroxide (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The microhardness and surface roughness of enamel and Opallis composite resin were influenced by bleaching procedures.

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