Apical periodontitis is a biofilm-mediated infection. The biofilm protects bacteria from host defenses and increase their resistance to intracanal disinfecting protocols. Understanding the virulence of these endodontic microbiota within biofilm is essential for the development of novel therapeutic procedures for intracanal disinfection. Both the disruption of biofilms and the killing of their bacteria are necessary to effectively treat apical periodontitis. Accordingly, a review of endodontic biofilm types, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and current and future therapeutic procedures for endodontic biofilm is provided.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Evaluation of Anti-Biofilm Property of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles on Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study
  Anu Priya Guruswamy Pandian, Anil Kumar Ramachandran, Priyanka Kodaganallur Pitchumani, Blessy Mathai, Davis C Thomas
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Self-Sacrificial Antibacterial Coating with Photothermal Response for Inhibiting Implant Infection
  Jinglin Zhang, Aijian Cao, Lizhen Chen, Dongliang Huo, Jingxian Zhang, Langhuan Huang, Shaozao Tan
  ACS Applied Nano Materials.2024; 7(23): 26907.     CrossRef
• Biofilm in Endodontic Infection and its Advanced Therapeutic Options – An Updated Review
  Srilekha Jayakumar, Dinesh Sridhar, Bindu M. John, Karthikeyan Arumugam, Prashanth Ponnusamy, Hema Pulidindi
  Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.2024; 16(Suppl 2): S1104.     CrossRef
• Analysis of the chemical interaction of polyhexanide with endodontic irrigants
  Z. S. Zurab, Yu. A. Generalova, A. A. Kulikova, A. Yu. Umarov, F. V. Badalov, A. Wehbe, E. M. Kakabadze
  Endodontics Today.2024; 22(4): 319.     CrossRef
• In vitro evaluation of three engineered multispecies endodontic biofilms on a dentinal disk substrate
  Wajih Hage, Dolla Karam Sarkis, Mireille Kallasy, May Mallah, Carla Zogheib
  Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• In vitro evaluation of enterococcus faecalis growth in different conditions on dentinal substrate
  Wajih Hage, Dolla Karam Sarkis, Mireille Kallassy, May Mallah, Carla Zogheib
  Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Bacteria associated with apical periodontitis promotes in vitro the differentiation of macrophages to osteoclasts
  A. P. Torres-Monjarás, R. Sánchez-Gutiérrez, B. Hernández-Castro, L. González-Baranda, D. L. Alvarado-Hernández, A. Pozos-Guillén, A. Muñoz-Ruiz, V. Méndez-González, R. González-Amaro, M. Vitales-Noyola
  Clinical Oral Investigations.2023; 27(6): 3139.     CrossRef
• Antimicrobial efficacy of Kerr pulp canal sealer (EWT) in combination with 10% amoxicillin on Enterococcus faecalis: A confocal laser scanning microscopic study
  Madhureema De Sarkar, Kundabala Mala, Suchitra Shenoy Mala, Shama Prasada Kabekkodu, Srikant Natarajan, Neeta Shetty, Priyanka Madhav Kamath, Manuel Thomas
  F1000Research.2023; 12: 725.     CrossRef
• Antimicrobial efficacy of Kerr pulp canal sealer (EWT) in combination with 10% amoxicillin on Enterococcus faecalis: A confocal laser scanning microscopic study
  Madhureema De Sarkar, Kundabala Mala, Suchitra Shenoy Mala, Shama Prasada Kabekkodu, Srikant Natarajan, Neeta Shetty, Priyanka Madhav Kamath, Manuel Thomas
  F1000Research.2023; 12: 725.     CrossRef
• Combined effect of electrical energy and graphene oxide on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms
  Myung-Jin LEE, Mi-Ah KIM, Kyung-San MIN
  Dental Materials Journal.2023; 42(6): 844.     CrossRef
• Innovative Curved-Tip Reactor for Non-Thermal Plasma and Plasma-Treated Water Generation: Synergistic Impact Comparison with Sodium Hypochlorite in Dental Root Canal Disinfection
  Raúl Arguello-Sánchez, Régulo López-Callejas, Benjamín Gonzalo Rodríguez-Méndez, Rogelio Scougall-Vilchis, Ulises Velázquez-Enríquez, Antonio Mercado-Cabrera, Rosendo Peña-Eguiluz, Raúl Valencia-Alvarado, Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís
  Materials.2023; 16(22): 7204.     CrossRef
• Impact of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on the bond-strength and penetration of endodontic sealers: A systematic review
  Khalid H Almadi
  Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy.2023; 41: 103249.     CrossRef
• Apical periodontitis in mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molars: influence of anatomy and quality of root canal treatment, a CBCT study
  Samantha Jannone Carrion, Marcelo Santos Coelho, Adriana de Jesus Soares, Marcos Frozoni
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Potential relationship between clinical symptoms and the root canal microbiomes of root filled teeth based on the next‐generation sequencing
  Yajing Hou, Liu Wang, Lan Zhang, Xuelian Tan, Dingming Huang, Dongzhe Song
  International Endodontic Journal.2022; 55(1): 18.     CrossRef
• Efficacy of 6% Sodium Hypochlorite on Infectious Content of Teeth with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis
  Rodrigo Arruda-Vasconcelos, Marlos Barbosa-Ribeiro, Lidiane M. Louzada, Beatriz I.N. Lemos, Adriana de-Jesus-Soares, Caio C.R. Ferraz, José F.A. Almeida, Marina A. Marciano, Brenda P.F. A. Gomes
  Journal of Endodontics.2022; 48(2): 179.     CrossRef
• Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in endodontics: a narrative review
  Davy Aubeux, Ove A. Peters, Sepanta Hosseinpour, Solène Tessier, Valérie Geoffroy, Fabienne Pérez, Alexis Gaudin
  BMC Oral Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of curcumin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy associated to different chelators against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms
  Daniela Alejandra Cusicanqui Méndez, Maricel Rosario Cardenas Cuéllar, Victor Feliz Pedrinha, Evelyn Giuliana Velásquez Espedilla, Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade, Patrícia de Almeida Rodrigues, Thiago Cruvinel
  Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy.2021; 35: 102464.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of D,L‐2‐hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) and alpha‐mangostin against endodontopathogenic microorganisms in a multispecies bacterial–fungal biofilm in anex vivotooth model
  Warat Leelapornpisid, Lilyann Novak‐Frazer, Alison Qualtrough, Riina Rautemaa‐Richardson
  International Endodontic Journal.2021; 54(12): 2243.     CrossRef
• In Vitro Evaluation of a New Combination of Three Antibiotic Paste Against Common Endodontic Pathogens
  Prasanna Dahake, Nilima Thosar
  Journal of Islamic Dental Association of IRAN.2021; 33(3): 58.     CrossRef
• Effect of using diode laser on Enterococcus faecalis and its lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in chronic apical periodontitis
  Zhaohui Zou, Junu Bhandari, Baiyan Xiao, Xiaoyue Liang, Yu Zhang, Guohui Yan
  Lasers in Medical Science.2021; 36(5): 1059.     CrossRef
• Prevalence of Bacteria of Genus Actinomyces in Persistent Extraradicular Lesions—Systematic Review
  Mario Dioguardi, Vito Crincoli, Luigi Laino, Mario Alovisi, Diego Sovereto, Lorenzo Lo Muzio, Giuseppe Troiano
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 9(2): 457.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of in vitro biofilm elimination of Enterococcus faecalis using a continuous ultrasonic irrigation device
  Jennifer Galván-Pacheco, Marlen Vitales-Noyola, Ana M. González-Amaro, Heriberto Bujanda-Wong, Antonio Aragón-Piña, Verónica Méndez-González, Amaury Pozos-Guillén
  Journal of Oral Science.2020; 62(4): 415.     CrossRef
• Comparison of the use of d-enantiomeric and l-enantiomeric antimicrobial peptides incorporated in a calcium-chelating irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis root canal wall biofilms
  Wei-hu Ye, Lara Yeghiasarian, Christopher W. Cutler, Brian E. Bergeron, Stephanie Sidow, Hockin H.K. Xu, Li-na Niu, Jing-zhi Ma, Franklin R. Tay
  Journal of Dentistry.2019; 91: 103231.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Current status of antimicrobial peptides databases and computational tools for optimization
  Madhulika Jha, Akash Nautiyal, Kumud Pant, Navin Kumar
  Environment Conservation Journal.2025; 26(1): 281.     CrossRef
• Anti-fungal peptides: an emerging category with enthralling therapeutic prospects in the treatment of candidiasis
  Jyoti Sankar Prusty, Ashwini Kumar, Awanish Kumar
  Critical Reviews in Microbiology.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
• Harnessing antimicrobial peptides in endodontics
  Xinzi Kong, Vijetha Vishwanath, Prasanna Neelakantan, Zhou Ye
  International Endodontic Journal.2024; 57(7): 815.     CrossRef
• Human β-defensins and their synthetic analogs: Natural defenders and prospective new drugs of oral health
  Mumian Chen, Zihe Hu, Jue Shi, Zhijian Xie
  Life Sciences.2024; 346: 122591.     CrossRef
• Candida albicans Virulence Factors and Pathogenicity for Endodontic Infections
  Yeon-Jee Yoo, A Reum Kim, Hiran Perinpanayagam, Seung Hyun Han, Kee-Yeon Kum
  Microorganisms.2020; 8(9): 1300.     CrossRef
• Innate Inspiration: Antifungal Peptides and Other Immunotherapeutics From the Host Immune Response
  Derry K. Mercer, Deborah A. O'Neil
  Frontiers in Immunology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Human salivary proteins and their peptidomimetics: Values of function, early diagnosis, and therapeutic potential in combating dental caries
  Kun Wang, Xuedong Zhou, Wei Li, Linglin Zhang
  Archives of Oral Biology.2019; 99: 31.     CrossRef
• Endodontic biofilms: contemporary and future treatment options
  Yeon-Jee Yoo, Hiran Perinpanayagam, Soram Oh, A-Reum Kim, Seung-Hyun Han, Kee-Yeon Kum
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Bioactive Peptides Against Fungal Biofilms
  Karen G. N. Oshiro, Gisele Rodrigues, Bruna Estéfani D. Monges, Marlon Henrique Cardoso, Octávio Luiz Franco
  Frontiers in Microbiology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Anticandidal Potential of Stem Bark Extract from Schima superba and the Identification of Its Major Anticandidal Compound
  Chun Wu, Hong-Tan Wu, Qing Wang, Guey-Horng Wang, Xue Yi, Yu-Pei Chen, Guang-Xiong Zhou
  Molecules.2019; 24(8): 1587.     CrossRef
• Synthetic Human β Defensin-3-C15 Peptide in Endodontics: Potential Therapeutic Agent in Streptococcus gordonii Lipoprotein-Stimulated Human Dental Pulp-Derived Cells
  Yeon-Jee Yoo, Hiran Perinpanayagam, Jue-Yeon Lee, Soram Oh, Yu Gu, A-Reum Kim, Seok-Woo Chang, Seung-Ho Baek, Kee-Yeon Kum
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2019; 21(1): 71.     CrossRef
• Candida Infections and Therapeutic Strategies: Mechanisms of Action for Traditional and Alternative Agents
  Giselle C. de Oliveira Santos, Cleydlenne C. Vasconcelos, Alberto J. O. Lopes, Maria do S. de Sousa Cartágenes, Allan K. D. B. Filho, Flávia R. F. do Nascimento, Ricardo M. Ramos, Emygdia R. R. B. Pires, Marcelo S. de Andrade, Flaviane M. G. Rocha, Cristi
  Frontiers in Microbiology.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Perspectives for clinical use of engineered human host defense antimicrobial peptides
  María Eugenia Pachón-Ibáñez, Younes Smani, Jerónimo Pachón, Javier Sánchez-Céspedes
  FEMS Microbiology Reviews.2017; 41(3): 323.     CrossRef
• The synthetic human beta-defensin-3 C15 peptide exhibits antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, both alone and in combination with dental disinfectants
  Ki Bum Ahn, A. Reum Kim, Kee-Yeon Kum, Cheol-Heui Yun, Seung Hyun Han
  Journal of Microbiology.2017; 55(10): 830.     CrossRef
• Antibiofilm peptides against oral biofilms
  Zhejun Wang, Ya Shen, Markus Haapasalo
  Journal of Oral Microbiology.2017; 9(1): 1327308.     CrossRef
• Humanβ-Defensin 3 Reduces TNF-α-Induced Inflammation and Monocyte Adhesion in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
  Tianying Bian, Houxuan Li, Qian Zhou, Can Ni, Yangheng Zhang, Fuhua Yan
  Mediators of Inflammation.2017; 2017: 1.     CrossRef
• Antifungal Effects of Synthetic Human Beta-defensin-3-C15 Peptide on Candida albicans –infected Root Dentin
  Yeon-Jee Yoo, Ikyung Kwon, So-Ram Oh, Hiran Perinpanayagam, Sang-Min Lim, Ki-Bum Ahn, Yoon Lee, Seung-Hyun Han, Seok-Woo Chang, Seung-Ho Baek, Qiang Zhu, Kee-Yeon Kum
  Journal of Endodontics.2017; 43(11): 1857.     CrossRef
• A 15-amino acid C-terminal peptide of beta-defensin-3 inhibits bone resorption by inhibiting the osteoclast differentiation and disrupting podosome belt formation
  Ok-Jin Park, Jiseon Kim, Ki Bum Ahn, Jue Yeon Lee, Yoon-Jeong Park, Kee-Yeon Kum, Cheol-Heui Yun, Seung Hyun Han
  Journal of Molecular Medicine.2017; 95(12): 1315.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Impact of calcium hydroxide and 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid on the microhardness of root dentine: an in vitro study
  Nandini T. Niranjan, Protim Ghosh Dastidar, Raghavendra Penukonda, Galvin Sim Siang Lin, Roopa Babannavar, Arun Jaysheel, Harshada Pattar
  Odontology.2024; 112(3): 711.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of the Effect of Chitosan-Based Irrigation Solutions on the Bond Strength of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate to Bulk-Fill Composite
  Arzu Şahin Mantı, Bağdagül Helvacıoğlu Kıvanç
  Journal of Functional Biomaterials.2024; 15(12): 370.     CrossRef
• Effect of Various Acid Solutions as an Aid in Removing the OrthoMTA-Based Root Canal Filling
  Naveen Chhabra, Abhishek Parolia
  Materials.2023; 16(13): 4535.     CrossRef
• Effect of Glycolic Acid, Maleic Acid, and EDTA in the Removal of Smear Layer from Root Canal Dentin
  Tarini Mullick, Nidambur Vasudev Ballal
  Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A comparative evaluation of the effect of various chelating agents on the microhardness of root canal dentin: An in vitro study
  Mineet Kaul, Zinnie Nanda, Kranthikumar Reddy, Rahul Deore, Divya Mandlecha, Esha Jaiswal
  Endodontology.2023; 35(3): 234.     CrossRef
• Calcium hydroxide and niobium pentoxide treatment effects before MTA placement
  Kolli Sankeerthana, Kittappa Karthikeyan, Sekar Mahalaxmi
  Australian Endodontic Journal.2023; 49(1): 48.     CrossRef
• Calcium silicate and calcium aluminate cements for dentistry reviewed
  Carolyn Primus, James L. Gutmann, Franklin R. Tay, Anna B. Fuks
  Journal of the American Ceramic Society.2022; 105(3): 1841.     CrossRef
• Influence of Acidic Environmental Conditions on Push-Out Bonding Strength of Four Calcium Silicate-Based Materials to Root Dentin
  Beliz Özel, Raif Erişen, Boonlert Kukiattrakoon
  International Journal of Dentistry.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
• The effects of sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on the microhardness of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and TotalFill Bioceramic Putty
  Jacklyn H.R. Chu, Kalie Y. Chia, Alexander L. Qui, Alex Moule, William N. Ha
  Australian Endodontic Journal.2020; 46(1): 33.     CrossRef
• Pre-application of dentin bonding agent prevents discoloration caused by mineral trioxide aggregate
  Yoo-Lim Choi, Young-Eun Jang, Bom Sahn Kim, Jin-Woo Kim, Yemi Kim
  BMC Oral Health.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Glycolic acid as the final irrigant in endodontics: Mechanical and cytotoxic effects
  Yuri Dal Bello, Hisadora Fracaro Porsch, Ana Paula Farina, Matheus Albino Souza, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, Ana Karina Bedran-Russo, Doglas Cecchin
  Materials Science and Engineering: C.2019; 100: 323.     CrossRef
• Carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks exhibit risks for human enamel surface loss
  Mary Anne Sampaio de Melo, Vanara Florêncio Passos, Juliana Paiva Marques Lima, Sérgio Lima Santiago, Lidiany Karla Azevedo Rodrigues
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2016; 41(4): 246.     CrossRef

A common failure in endodontic treatment of the permanent maxillary first molars is likely to be caused by an inability to locate, clean, and obturate the second mesiobuccal (MB) canals. Because of the importance of knowledge on these additional canals, there have been numerous studies which investigated the maxillary first molar MB root canal morphology using in vivo and laboratory methods. In this article, the protocols, advantages and disadvantages of various methodologies for in-depth study of maxillary first molar MB root canal morphology were discussed. Furthermore, newly identified configuration types for the establishment of new classification system were suggested based on two image reformatting techniques of micro-computed tomography, which can be useful as a further 'Gold Standard' method for in-depth morphological study of complex root canal systems.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Cone beam computed tomography analysis of the root and canal morphology of the maxillary second molars in a Hail province of the Saudi population
  Ahmed A. Madfa, Moazzy I. Almansour, Saad M. Al-Zubaidi, Albandari H. Alghurayes, Safanah D. AlDAkhayel, Fatemah I. Alzoori, Taif F. Alshammari, Abrar M. Aldakhil
  Heliyon.2023; 9(9): e19477.     CrossRef
• Signs of a missed root canal
  M. Yu. Pokrovsky, O. A. Aleshina, T. P. Goryacheva, A. M. Pokrovskiy
  Endodontics Today.2023; 21(3): 205.     CrossRef
• Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary First and Second Molars in a Qatari Population: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study
  Maryam Mohammed Al-Obaid, Fatima Abdullah Al-Sheeb
  European Dental Research and Biomaterials Journal.2021; 2(01): 34.     CrossRef
• A Study Comparing the Characteristics of Zinc Oxide Eugenol-Based and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate-Based Root Canal Sealers
  Seok-Eun Lee, Ja-Won Cho, Hyun-Jun Yoo, Myung-Gu Lee, Yeol-Mae Jeon, Da-Hui Kim, Hye-Won Park
  International Journal of Clinical Preventive Dentistry.2021; 17(3): 117.     CrossRef
• Root Canal Configuration of Burmese (Myanmar) Maxillary First Molar: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study
  M. M. Kyaw Moe, H. J. Jo, J. H. Ha, S. K. Kim, Antonino Lo Giudice
  International Journal of Dentistry.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
• Three-Dimensional Analysis of Root Anatomy and Root Canal Curvature in Mandibular Incisors Using Micro-Computed Tomography with Novel Software
  JongKi Lee, Shin-Hoon Lee, Jong-Rak Hong, Kee-Yeon Kum, Soram Oh, Adel Saeed Al-Ghamdi, Fawzi Ali Al-Ghamdi, Ayman Omar Mandorah, Ji-Hyun Jang, Seok Woo Chang
  Applied Sciences.2020; 10(12): 4385.     CrossRef
• An investigation into dose optimisation for imaging root canal anatomy using cone beam CT
  Margarete B McGuigan, Christie Theodorakou, Henry F Duncan, Jonathan Davies, Anita Sengupta, Keith Horner
  Dentomaxillofacial Radiology.2020; 49(7): 20200072.     CrossRef
• Analysis of Root Canal Anatomy and Variation in Morphology of Maxillary First Molar Using Various Methods: An In Vitro Study
  Youssef A Algarni
  World Journal of Dentistry.2019; 10(4): 291.     CrossRef
• Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular Primary Molars: A Micro-CT Study
  Meryem ZİYA, Burcu Nihan YÜKSEL, Şaziye SARI
  Cumhuriyet Dental Journal.2019; 22(4): 382.     CrossRef
• Comparison of the implementation of extra root canal treatment before and after fee schedule change in the Taiwan National Health Insurance System
  Nien-Chieh Lee, Yen-Hsiang Chang, Hui-Tzu Tu, Chang-Fu Kuo, Kuang-Hui Yu, Lai-Chu See
  Journal of Dental Sciences.2018; 13(2): 145.     CrossRef
• Influence of environment on testing of hydraulic sealers
  Mira Kebudi Benezra, Pierre Schembri Wismayer, Josette Camilleri
  Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
• CBCT uses in clinical endodontics: the effect of CBCT on the ability to locate MB2 canals in maxillary molars
  J. Parker, A. Mol, E. M. Rivera, P. Tawil
  International Endodontic Journal.2017; 50(12): 1109.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Alternative Image Reformatting Techniques in Micro–Computed Tomography and Tooth Clearing for Detailed Canal Morphology
  Ki-Wook Lee, Yeun Kim, Hiran Perinpanayagam, Jong-Ki Lee, Yeon-Jee Yoo, Sang-Min Lim, Seok Woo Chang, Byung-Hyun Ha, Qiang Zhu, Kee-Yeon Kum
  Journal of Endodontics.2014; 40(3): 417.     CrossRef
• In Vitro Biocompatibility, Inflammatory Response, and Osteogenic Potential of 4 Root Canal Sealers: Sealapex, Sankin Apatite Root Sealer, MTA Fillapex, and iRoot SP Root Canal Sealer
  Seok-Woo Chang, So-Youn Lee, Soo-Kyung Kang, Kee-Yeon Kum, Eun-Cheol Kim
  Journal of Endodontics.2014; 40(10): 1642.     CrossRef
• Análise do preparo de canais radiculares utilizando-se a diafanização
  Georje de Martin, Rogério Albuquerque Azeredo
  Revista de Odontologia da UNESP.2014; 43(2): 111.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Root Canal Microbiome Associated With Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis as Determined by High-Throughput Sequencing
  Rodrigo Rodrigues Amaral, Tiago Braga, José F. Siqueira, Isabela N. Rôças, Caio Tavora Coelho da Costa Rachid, Anna Gabriella Guimarães Oliveira, Maria Ilma de Souza Côrtes, Robert Mattew Love
  Journal of Endodontics.2022; 48(4): 487.     CrossRef
• A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study the root canal microbiome
  José F. Siqueira, Isabela N. Rôças
  International Endodontic Journal.2022; 55(S1): 46.     CrossRef
• Oral microbiomes in children with asthma and dental caries
  Sergey V. Cherkasov, Larisa Yu. Popova, Tatyana V. Vivtanenko, Rimma R. Demina, Yuri A. Khlopko, Alexander S. Balkin, Andrey O. Plotnikov
  Oral Diseases.2019; 25(3): 898.     CrossRef
• Insights into the human oral microbiome
  Digvijay Verma, Pankaj Kumar Garg, Ashok Kumar Dubey
  Archives of Microbiology.2018; 200(4): 525.     CrossRef
• Solving the etiology of dental caries
  Aurea Simón-Soro, Alex Mira
  Trends in Microbiology.2015; 23(2): 76.     CrossRef
• Present status and future directions in endodontic microbiology
  José F. Siqueira, Isabela N. Rôças
  Endodontic Topics.2014; 30(1): 3.     CrossRef
• Application of high-throughput sequencing in understanding human oral microbiome related with health and disease
  Hui Chen, Wen Jiang
  Frontiers in Microbiology.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Analysis of gene expression during odontogenic differentiation of cultured human dental pulp cells
  Min-Seock Seo, Kyung-Gyun Hwang, Hyongbum Kim, Seung-Ho Baek
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(3): 142.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Effect of preference drinks on tooth color reduction after tooth bleaching: A 12-momth follow-up study
  Hyo Jin Goo, Min Jeong Cho, Yun Sook Jung, Ji Hye Kim, Fan Dong, Keun Bae Song
  Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016; 40(1): 55.     CrossRef
• Development of a Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Tooth-whitening Apparatus
  Young-Jin Lee, Jong-Hoo Paik, Jeong-Bae Lee, Seung-Jae Choi
  Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials.2013; 14(5): 268.     CrossRef

The purposes of this study were firstly to investigate the any formation of precipitate after interaction between ALX and NaOCL and secondarily to analyze the PCA formation by using time of flight secondary ion mass (TOF-SIM) spectrometry. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed for the mixture of 0.5% ALX and 5.25% NaOCl. As controls, 2.5% CHX with 5.25% NaOCl and 1% PCA solutions were used. Any formation of precipitates in 10 tested solutions was evaluated by naked eye. Results of mass spectrum showed that the typical peak of PCA was not detected in mixed solution of ALX and NaOCl, whereas CHX/NaOCl mixture showed the same peak that found in the PCA spectrum. Precipitate formation was only observed in CHX/NaOCL mixture. The present TOF-SIM spectrometry results indicated that ALX can be a useful root canal irrigant combined with NaOCl during canal instrumentation. Further study is necessary to confirm the antimicrobial effect of ALX against endodontic pathogen before its clinical application as an endodontic irrigant.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Chemical Interaction of Alexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite
  Hyeon-Sik Kim, Qiang Zhu, Seung-Ho Baek, Il-Young Jung, Won-Jun Son, Seok-Woo Chang, Woocheol Lee, Yu Gu, Yoon Lee, Sung-Tae Hong, Kwang-Shik Bae, Ji-Woong Kim, Kun Cho, Kee-Yeon Kum
  Journal of Endodontics.2012; 38(1): 112.     CrossRef

This study investigated the changes in gene expression when mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was applied in vitro to human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). MTA in a teflon tube (diameter 10 mm, height 2 mm) was applied to HDPCs. Empty tube-applied HDPCs were used as negative control. For microarray analysis, total RNA was extracted at 6, 24, and 72 hrs after MTA application. The results were confirmed selectively by performing reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for genes that showed changes of more than two-fold or less than half. Of the 24,546 genes, 109 genes were up-regulated greater than two-fold (e.g., FOSB, THBS1, BHLHB2, EDN1, IL11, FN1, COL10A1, and TUFT1) and 69 genes were down-regulated below 50% (e.g., SMAD6 and DCN). These results suggest that MTA, rather than being a bio-inert material, may have potential to affect the proliferation and differentiation of pulp cells in various ways.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Analysis of gene expression during odontogenic differentiation of cultured human dental pulp cells
  Min-Seock Seo, Kyung-Gyun Hwang, Hyongbum Kim, Seung-Ho Baek
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(3): 142.     CrossRef
• Comparison of gene expression profiles of human dental pulp cells treated with mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide
  Yong-Beom Kim, Won-Jun Shon, Woocheol Lee, Kee-Yeon Kum, Seung-Ho Baek, Kwang-Shik Bae
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2011; 36(5): 397.     CrossRef

The final preparation (MAF) size in infected root canals is still controversial. Nonetheless, recent studies demonstrated that larger apical preparation sizes produces a greater reduction in remaining bacteria and dentinal debris as compared to smaller apical preparation sizes. Therefore, clinicians should be practiced with treatment strategies guided by evidence-based information, especially in infected/failed root canals.

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship of radiographic lesion size, gender, age of patients and radiographic character to the diagnosis of periapical cyst and granuloma.

The data was collected from 187 periapical lesions of 167 patients who undergone apical surgery at Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital from 2003 to 2005. The lesion were surgically removed and send for biopsy to the Oral Pathology Laboratory. From the initial radiograph, lesion size was calculated using PiViewSTAR® (INFINITT, Korea) program. The obtained data were statistically evaluated using SPSS (p < 0.05).

The result were as followings:

From 187 biopsy samples, the incidence of periapical cyst was 28.34% and granuloma was 65.24%.

This study aimed to assess the influence of different cross-sectional area on the cyclic fatigue fracture of Ni-Ti rotary files using a fatigue tester incorporating cyclical axial movement. Six brands of Ni-Ti rotary files (ISO 30 size with .04 taper) of 10 each were tested: Alpha system (KOMET), HeroShaper (MicroMega), K3 (SybronEndo), Mtwo (VDW), NRT (Mani), and ProFile (Dentsply). A fatigue-tester (Denbotix) was designed to allow cyclic tension and compressive stress on the tip of the instrument. Each file was mounted on a torque controlled motor (Aseptico) using a 1:20 reduction contra-angle and was rotated at 300 rpm with a continuous, 6 mm axial oscillating motion inside an artificial steel canal. The canal had a 60° angle and a 5 mm radius of curvature. Instrument fracture was visually detected and the time until fracture was recorded by a digital stop watch. The data were analyzed statistically. Fractographic analysis of all fractured surfaces was performed to determine the fracture modes using a scanning electron microscope. Cross-sectional area at 3 mm from the tip of 3 unused Ni-Ti instruments for each group was calculated using Image-Pro Plus (Imagej 1.34n, NIH). Results showed that NRT and ProFile had significantly longer time to fracture compared to the other groups (p < .05). The cross-sectional area was not significantly associated with fatigue resistance. Fractographycally, all fractured surfaces demonstrated a combination of ductile and brittle fracture. In conclusion, there was no significant relationship between fatigue resistance and the cross-sectional area of Ni-Ti instruments under experimental conditions.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a syndrome accompanied with the abnormal secretion or function of insulin, a hormone that plays a vital role in controlling the blood glucose level (BGL). Type 1and 2 DM are most common form and the prevalence of the latter is recently increasing. The aim of this article was to assess whether Type 2 DM could act as a predisposing risk factor on the pulpo-periapical pathogenesis. Previous literature on the pathologic changes of blood vessels in DM was thoroughly reviewed. Furthermore, a histopathologic analysis of artificially-induced periapical specimens obtained from Type 2 diabetic and DM-resistant rats was compared. Histopathologic results demonstrate that the size of periapical bone destruction was larger and the degree of pulpal inflammation was more severe in diabetic rats, indicating that Type 2 DM itself can be a predisposing risk factor that makes the host more susceptible to pulpal infection. The possible reasons may be that in diabetic state the lumen of pulpal blood vessels are thickened by atheromatous deposits, and microcirculation is hindered. The function of polymorphonuclear leukocyte is also impaired and the migration of immune cells is blocked, leading to increased chance of pulpal infection. Also, lack of collateral circulation of pulpal blood vessels makes the pulp more susceptible to infection. These decrease the regeneration capacity of pulpal cells or tissues, delaying the healing process. Therefore, when restorative treatment is needed in Type 2 DM patients, dentists should minimize irritation to the pulpal tissue un der control of BGL.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Pulp necrosis following luxated injury to teeth in a patient with uncontrolled type II diabetes mellitus: a case report
  Haneol Shin, Seung-Jong Lee, Il-Young Jung, Chan-Young Lee
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(1): 61.     CrossRef

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cleaning efficacy of various irrigation methods in the mandibular mesial roots. The forty five mesial root canals were shaped by Profile .06 instruments to apical size #30 and irrigated with 5 ml of 3.5% NaOCl. The teeth were divided into 3 groups and irrigated finally for 1 minute; Group 1: syringe irrigation, Group 2: ultrasonic irrigation, Group 3: RinsEndo irrigation.

After histological processing, the cross sections of apical 1, 3, and 5 mm level were examined with an optical microscope. The cleanliness values of canals and isthmuses were calculated and analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test.

There were no significant differences in both canal and isthmus cleanliness between syringe irrigation and ultrasonic irrigation except 5 mm level of isthmus.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Multivariate analysis of the cleaning efficacy of different final irrigation techniques in the canal and isthmus of mandibular posterior teeth
  Yeon-Jee Yoo, WooCheol Lee, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Won-Jun Shon, Seung-Ho Baek
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2013; 38(3): 154.     CrossRef
• Review of root canal irrigant delivery techniques and devices
  Yeon-Jee Yoo, Su-Jeong Shin, Seung-Ho Baek
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2011; 36(3): 180.     CrossRef

This clinical study evaluated the whitening effect and safety of polymer based-pen type BlancTis Forte (NIBEC) containing 8.3% carbamide peroxide. Twenty volunteers used the BlancTis Forte whitening agent for 2 hours twice a day for 4 weeks. As a control, Whitening Effect Pen (LG) containing 3% hydrogen peroxide was used by 20 volunteers using the same protocol. The change in shade (ΔE^*, color difference) was measured using Shadepilot™ (DeguDent) before, during, and after bleaching (2 weeks, 4 weeks, and post-bleaching 4 weeks). A clinical examination for any side effects (tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications) was also performed at each check-up. The following results were obtained.

1. Both the experimental and control groups displayed a noticeable change in shade (ΔE) of over 2. No significant differences were found between the two groups (p > 0.05), implying that the two agents have a similar whitening effect.

2. The whitening effect was mainly due to changes in a and b values rather than in L value (brightness). The experimental group showed a significantly higher change in b value, thus yellow shade, than the control (p < 0.05).

3. None of the participants complained of tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications, confirming the safety of both whitening agents.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Surface Damage and Bleaching Effect according to the Application Type of Home Tooth Bleaching Applicants
  Na-Yeoun Tak, Do-Seon Lim, Hee-Jung Lim, Im-Hee Jung
  Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2020; 20(4): 252.     CrossRef
• Efficacy of a self - applied paint - on whitening gel combined with wrap
  Soo-Yeon Kim, Jae-Hyun Ahn, Ji-Young Kim, Jin-Woo Kim, Se-Hee Park, Kyung-Mo Cho
  Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science.2018; 34(3): 175.     CrossRef

The treatment of esthetic areas with single-tooth implants represents a new challenge for the clinician. In 1993, a modification of the forced eruption technique, called "orthodontic extrusive remodelling," was proposed as a way to augment both soft- and hard-tissue profiles at potential implant sites. This case report describes augmentation of the coronal soft and hard tissues around a fractured maxillary lateral incisor associated with alveolar bone loss, which was achieved by forced orthodontic extrusion before implant placement. Through these procedures we could reconstruct esthetics and function in a hopeless tooth diagnosed with subgingival root fracture by trauma.

This in vitro study examined the effect of surface defects on cutting blades on the extent of the cyclic fatigue fracture of HEROShaper Ni-Ti rotary files using fractographic analysis of the fractured surfaces. A total of 45 HEROShaper (MicroMega) Ni-Ti rotary files with a #30/.04 taper were divided into three groups of 15 each. Group 1 contained new HEROShapers without any surface defects. Group 2 contained HEROShapers with manufacturing defects such as metal rollover and machining marks. Group 3 contained HEROShapers that had been clinically used for the canal preparation of 4-6 molars. A fatigue-testing device was designed to allow cyclic tension and compressive stress on the tip of the instrument whilst maintaining similar conditions to those experienced in a clinic. The level of fatigue fracture time was measured using a computer connected the system. Statistical analysis was performed using a Tukey's test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for fractographic analysis of the fractured surfaces. The fatigue fracture time between groups 1 and 2, and between groups 1 and 3 was significantly different (p < 0.05) but there was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 (p > 0.05). A low magnification SEM views show brittle fracture as the main initial failure mode. At higher magnification, the brittle fracture region showed clusters of fatigue striations and a large number of secondary cracks. These fractures typically led to a central region of catastrophic ductile failure. Qualitatively, the ductile fracture region was characterized by the formation of microvoids and dimpling. The fractured surfaces of the HEROShapers in groups 2 and 3 were always associated with pre-existing surface defects. Typically, the fractured surface in the brittle fracture region showed evidence of cleavage (transgranular) facets across the grains, as well as intergranular facets along the grain boundaries. These results show that surface defects on cutting blades of Ni-Ti rotary files might be the preferred sites for the origin of fatigue fracture under experimental conditions. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the utility of fractography in evaluating the failure of Ni-Ti rotary files.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• The Effect of Canal Curvature and Different Manufacturing Processes of Five Different NiTi Rotary Files on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance
  Panupat Phumpatrakom, Awiruth Klaisiri, Sukitti Techapatiphandee, Thippawan Saekow, Panuroot Aguilar
  European Journal of General Dentistry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effect of internal stress on cyclic fatigue failure in .06 taper ProFile
  Hye-Rim Jung, Jin-Woo Kim, Kyung-Mo Cho, Se-Hee Park
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(2): 79.     CrossRef
• Effect of internal stress on cyclic fatigue failure in K3
  Jun-Young Kim, Jin-Woo Kim, Kyung-Mo Cho, Se-Hee Park
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(2): 74.     CrossRef
• Stress distribution for NiTi files of triangular based and rectangular based cross-sections using 3-dimensional finite element analysis
  Hyun-Ju Kim, Chan-Joo Lee, Byung-Min Kim, Jeong-Kil Park, Bock Hur, Hyeon-Cheol Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Comparative analysis of various corrosive environmental conditions for NiTi rotary files
  Ji-Wan Yum, Jeong-Kil Park, Bock Hur, Hyeon-Cheol Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2008; 33(4): 377.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and the consistency of four different electronic apex locators in an in vitro model.

Fourty extracted premolars were used for the study. Four electronic apex locators (EAL) were Root ZX, SmarPex, Elements Diagnostic Unit (EDU), and E-Magic Finder Deluxe (EMF). After access preparation, the teeth were embedded in an alginate model and the length measurements were carried out at "0.5"and "Apex"mark using four EALs. The file was cemented at the location of the manufacturers'instruction (Root ZX, EDU, EMF: 0.5 mark, SmarPex: Apex mark). The apical 4mm of the apex was exposed and the distance from the file tip to the major foramen was measured by Image ProPlus (× 100). The distance from the file tip to the major foramen was calculated at 0.5 and Apex mark and the consistency of 0.5 and Apex mark was compared by SD and Quartile of Box plots.

In this study, Root ZX and EMF located the apical constriction accurately within ± 0.5 mm in 100%, whereas SmarPex and EDU located in 90% and in 70% respectively. For Root ZX and EMF, there was no significant difference between the consistency of 0.5 and Apex mark. However, for the EDU and SmarPex, Apex mark was more consistent than 0.5 mark.

From the evaluation of the consistency in this study, for Root ZX and EMF, both 0.5 and Apex mark can be used as a standard mark. And for EDU and SmarPex, the Apex mark can be recommended to be used as a standard mark.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• An evaluation of the accuracy of Root ZX according to the conditions of major apical foramen
  Shin-Young Park, Dong-Kyun Lee, Ho-Keel Hwang
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(2): 68.     CrossRef

The purposes of this study were firstly to identify the microbial species on gutta-percha (GP) cones exposed at clinics using polymerase chain reaction, and secondly to evaluate the short-term sterilization effect of three chemical disinfectants. It also evaluated the alteration of surface texture and physical properties of GP cones after 5-min soaking into three chemical disinfectants. 150 GP cones from two endodontic departments were randomly selected for microbial detection using PCR assay with universal primer. After inoculation on the sterilized GP cones with the same microorganism identified by PCR assay, they were soaked in three chemical disinfectants: 5% NaOCl, 2% Chlorhexidine, and ChloraPrep for 1, 5, 10, and 30 minutes. The sterilization effect was evaluated by turbidity and subculture. The change of surface textures using a scanning electron microscope and the tensile strength and elongation rate of the GP cones were measured using an Instron 5500 (Canton). Statistical analysis was performed.

Four bacterial species were detected in 29 GP cones (19.4%), and all the species belonged to the genus Staphylococcus. All chemical disinfectants were effective in sterilization with just 1 minute soaking. On the SEM picture of NaOCl-soaked GP cone, a cluster of cuboidal crystals was seen on the cone surface. The tensile strength of NaOCl-soaked group was significantly higher than the other groups (p < 0.05). Also, all disinfectants significantly increased the elongation rate of GP cones compared to the fresh GP cone (p < 0.05). Present data demonstrate that three chemical disinfectants are useful for rapid sterilization of GP cone just before obturation.

There are various factors affecting the fracture of NiTi rotary files. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of cross sectional area, pecking motion and pecking distance on the cyclic fatigue fracture of different NiTi files. Five different NiTi files-Profile®(Maillefer, Ballaigue, Switzerland), ProTaper™ (Maillefer, Ballaigue, Switzerland), K3® (SybronEndo, Orange, CA), Hero 642® (Micro-mega, Besancon, France), Hero Shaper®(Micro-mega, Besancon, France)-were used. Each file was embedded in temporary resin, sectioned horizontally and observed with scanning electron microscope. The ratio of cross-sectional area to the circumscribed circle was calculated. Special device was fabricated to simulate the cyclic fatigue fracture of NiTi file in the curved canal,. On this device, NiTi files were rotated (300rpm) with different pecking distances (3 mm or 6 mm) and with different motions (static motion or dynamic pecking motion). Time until fracture occurs was measured. The results demonstrated that cross-sectional area didn't have any effect on the time of file fracture. Among the files, Profile® took the longest time to be fractured. Between the pecking motions, dynamic motion took the longer time to be fractured than static motion. There was no significant difference between the pecking distances with dynamic motion, however with static motion, the longer time was taken at 3mm distance. In this study, we could suggest that dynamic pecking motion would lengthen the time for NiTi file to be fractured from cyclic fatigue.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Comparative Study Assessing the Canal Cleanliness Using Automated Device and Conventional Syringe Needle for Root Canal Irrigation—An Ex-Vivo Study
  Keerthika Rajamanickam, Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja, Sindhu Ramesh, Abdulaziz S. AbuMelha, Mazen F. Alkahtany, Khalid H. Almadi, Sarah Ahmed Bahammam, Krishnamachari Janani, Sahil Choudhari, Jerry Jose, Kumar Chandan Srivastava, Deepti Shrivastava, Shankarg
  Materials.2022; 15(18): 6184.     CrossRef
• Vibrations Generated by Several Nickel-titanium Endodontic File Systems during Canal Shaping in an Ex Vivo Model
  Dong-Min Choi, Jin-Woo Kim, Se-Hee Park, Kyung-Mo Cho, Sang Won Kwak, Hyeon-Cheol Kim
  Journal of Endodontics.2017; 43(7): 1197.     CrossRef
• Effect of cross-sectional area of 6 nickel-titanium rotary instruments on the fatigue fracture under cyclic flexural stress: A fractographic analysis
  Soo-Youn Hwang, So-Ram Oh, Yoon Lee, Sang-Min Lim, Kee-Yeon Kum
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(5): 424.     CrossRef

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the suitability of using chitosan, poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to control the release of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) from a prototype of controlled release drug device (CRD) for root canal disinfection. Four different prototypes with different formulations were prepared. Group A (n = 12); The device (absorbent paper point) was loaded with CHX as control. Group B (n = 12); same as group A, but the device was coated with chitosan. In Groups C and D, the device was treated in the same way as group A and then coated three times with 5% PMMA (Group C, n = 12), or coated three times with 3% PLGA (Group D, n = 12). The devices were randomly allocated to experimental groups of 12 each.

All CRD prototypes were soaked in 3 mL distilled water. The concentrations of CHX were determined using a UV spectrophotometer. The surface characteristics of each prototype were observed using a scanning electron microscope.

The result showed that release rate of CHX was the greatest in the non-coated group, followed by the chitosan-coated group, the PLGA-coated group, and the PMMA-coated group (P < 0.05). Pores were observed on the surface of the prototypes that were coated with PLGA and PMMA. When the pore size was smaller, the release rate was lower. This data indicate that polymer coating can control the release rate of CHX from the CRD prototypes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Effect of different chlorhexidine application times on microtensile bond strength to dentin in Class I cavities
  Hyun-Jung Kang, Ho-Jin Moon, Dong-Hoon Shin
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(1): 9.     CrossRef
• Effect of chlorhexidine application on the bond strength of resin core to axial dentin in endodontic cavity
  Yun-Hee Kim, Dong-Hoon Shin
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(4): 207.     CrossRef

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of surface defects and cross-sectional configuration of NiTi rotary files on the fatigue life under cyclic loading. Three NiTi rotary files (K3™, ProFile®, and HERO 642®) with #30/.04 taper were evaluated. Each rotary file was divided into 2 subgroups: control (no surface defects) and experimental group (artificial surface defects). A total of six groups of each 10 were tested. The NiTi rotary files were rotated at 300rpm using the apparatus which simulated curved canal (40 degree of curvature) until they fracture. The number of cycles to fracture was calculated and the fractured surfaces were observed with a scanning electron microscope. The data were analyzed statistically. The results showed that experimental groups with surface defects had lower number of cycles to fracture than control group but there was only a statistical significance between control and experimental group in the K3™ (p<0.05). There was no strong correlation between the cross-sectional configuration area and fracture resistance under experimental conditions. Several of fractured files demonstrated characteristic patterns of brittle fracture consistent with the propagation of pre-existing cracks.

This data indicate that surface defects of NiTi rotary files may significantly decrease fatigue life and it may be one possible factor for early fracture of NiTi rotary files in clinical practice.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Torsional behavior and microstructure characterization of additively manufactured NiTi shape memory alloy tubes
  Keyvan Safaei, Mohammadreza Nematollahi, Parisa Bayati, Hediyeh Dabbaghi, Othmane Benafan, Mohammad Elahinia
  Engineering Structures.2021; 226: 111383.     CrossRef
• Effect of internal stress on cyclic fatigue failure in K3
  Jun-Young Kim, Jin-Woo Kim, Kyung-Mo Cho, Se-Hee Park
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(2): 74.     CrossRef
• An evaluation of rotational stability in endodontic electronic motors
  Se-Hee Park, Hyun-Woo Seo, Chan-Ui Hong
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(4): 246.     CrossRef
• Effect of cross-sectional area of 6 nickel-titanium rotary instruments on the fatigue fracture under cyclic flexural stress: A fractographic analysis
  Soo-Youn Hwang, So-Ram Oh, Yoon Lee, Sang-Min Lim, Kee-Yeon Kum
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(5): 424.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Surface Defects on the Cyclic Fatigue Fracture of HEROShaper Ni-Ti rotary files in a Dynamic Model: A Fractographic Analysis
  Jung-Kyu Lee, Eui-Sung Kim, Myoung-Whai Kang, Kee-Yeon Kum
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2007; 32(2): 130.     CrossRef
• Comparative study on morphology of cross-section and cyclic fatigue test with different rotary NiTi files and handling methods
  Jae-Gwan Kim, Kee-Yeon Kum, Eui-Seong Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006; 31(2): 96.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Isolation of Propionibacterium acnes among the microbiota of primary endodontic infections with and without intraoral communication
  Sadia Ambreen Niazi, Hana Suleiman Al Kharusi, Shanon Patel, Kenneth Bruce, David Beighton, Federico Foschi, Francesco Mannocci
  Clinical Oral Investigations.2016; 20(8): 2149.     CrossRef
• Microbial profile of asymptomatic and symptomatic teeth with primary endodontic infections by pyrosequencing
  Sang-Min Lim, Tae-Kwon Lee, Eun-Jeong Kim, Jun-Hong Park, Yoon Lee, Kwang-Shik Bae, Kee-Yeon Kum
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2011; 36(6): 498.     CrossRef
• The role of Type 2 Diabetes as a predisposing risk factor on the pulpo-periapical pathogenesis: review article
  Jin-Hee Kim, Kwang-shik Bae, Deog-Gyu Seo, Sung-Tae Hong, Yoon Lee, Sam-Pyo Hong, Kee-Yeon Kum
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(3): 169.     CrossRef

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effects of root canal debridement following rotary Ni-Ti instruments with positive versus negative rake angle. Seventy sound, extracted human anterior teeth & premolars were randomly divided into four groups. The used rotary instruments were Ni-Ti HERO 642(Micro-Mega in France, 20 specimen), Ni-Ti ProFile(Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland, 20 specimen), stainless steel engine reamer(Mani, Matsutani Seisakusho Co.,Japan, 20 specimen) and negative control group(10 specimen) was only extirpated with barbed broach(Mani, Matsutani Seisakusho Co.,Japan)

Group 1 & 2 teeth were prepared to a #40 at the apex followed by 1 mm using crown-down technique. Group 3 teeth were instrumented from a #15 to a #40 in sequential order. After preparation and final irrigation, the roots split longitudinally into a bucco-lingual direction. Root halves were cross-sectioned in apical third portion again. all root specimens were prepared for SEM investigation & photographed. Separate evaluations were undertaken for smear layer on prepared walls with a five score-index for each using reference photograph in root halves. the penetration depth of smear layer into dentinal tubules was also estimated in the other halves. the following results were obtained :

1. Smear layer was observed on all the prepared walls with three experimental groups except negative control group

2. Smear layer characteristics

1) HERO 642 groups showed snowy & dusty appearance & were observed only few some dentinal tubuli open on the prepared walls, and the penetration depth of it into dentinal tubules may be 1-2 µm thick.

2) ProFile groups showed shiny & burnished appearance & complete root canal wall covered by a homogenous smear layer with no open dentinal tubuli and penetration depth of it into dentinal tubules may be 1-2 µm thick.

3) Engine reamer groups showed obviously file's passed tracks on the prepared walls & were observed complete root canal wall covered by a homogenous smear layer with no open dentinal tubuli.

The results revealed that a completely clean root canal could not be achieved regardless of positive & negative rake angle, which is in accordance with the majority of studies on root canal cleanliness.

In conclusion, throughout irrigation with antibacterial solutions or chelating agents is recommended to remove the smear layer on prepared canal walls.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Comparative evaluation of dentin volume removal and centralization of the root canal after shaping with the ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Gold, and One-Curve instruments using micro-CT
  Hatice Yalniz, Mehrdad Koohnavard, Aysenur Oncu, Berkan Celikten, Ayse Isil Orhan, Kaan Orhan
  Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects.2021; 15(1): 47.     CrossRef
• Microorganism penetration in dentinal tubules of instrumented and retreated root canal walls.In vitroSEM study
  Saad Al-Nazhan, Alaa Al-Sulaiman, Fellwa Al-Rasheed, Fatimah Alnajjar, Bander Al-Abdulwahab, Abdulhakeem Al-Badah
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2014; 39(4): 258.     CrossRef
• Shaping characteristics of two different motions nickel titanium file: a preliminary comparative study of surface profile and dentin chip
  So-Ra Park, Se-Hee Park, Kyung-Mo Cho, Jin-Woo Kim
  Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science.2014; 30(2): 121.     CrossRef

Dental caries is a chronic disease that causes the destruction of tooth structure by the interaction of plaque bacteria, food debris, and saliva.

There has been attempts to induce remineralization by supersaturating the intra-oral environment around the surface enamel, where there is incipient caries.

In this study, supersaturated remineralized solution "R" was applied to specimens with incipient enamel caries, and the quantitative ananlysis of remineralization was evaluated using microradiography. Thirty subjects volunteered to participate in this study. Removable appliances were constructed for the subjects, and the enamel specimen with incipient caries were embedded in the appliances. The subjects wore the intra-oral appliance for 15 days except while eating and sleeping.

The removable appliance were soaked in supersaturated solution "R", saline, or Senstime® to expose the specimen to those solutions three times a day, 5 minutes each time. After 15 days, microradiography was retaken to compare and evaluate remineralization.

The results were as the following:

1. The ratio of remineralized area to demineralized area was significantly higher in the supersaturated solution "R" and Senstime® than in the saline. (p<0.05)

2. Remineralization in the supersaturated buffer solution "R" occurred in the significantly deeper parts of the tooth, compared to the Senstime® group containing high concentration of fluoride.(p<0.05)

As in the above results, the remineralization effect of remineralized buffer solution "R" on incipient enamel caries has been proven. For clinical utilization, further studies on soft tissue reaction and the effect on dentin and cementum are necessary.

In conclusion compared to commercially available fluoride solution, remineralization solution "R" showed better remineralization effect on early enamel caries lesion, so it is considered as effecient solution for clinical application.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Color and hardness changes in artificial white spot lesions after resin infiltration
  Ji-Hoon Kim, Ho-Hyun Son, Juhea Chang
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(2): 90.     CrossRef
• Changes in surface content and crystal structure after fluoride gel or hydroxyapatite paste application on stripped enamel
  Sang-Cheol Kim, Hyun-Sil Hong, Young-Cheol Hwang
  The Korean Journal of Orthodontics.2008; 38(6): 407.     CrossRef