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Research Articles
Pattern of endodontic instrument separation and factors affecting its retrieval: a 10-year retrospective observational study in a postgraduate institute
Velmurugan Natanasabapathy, Aswathi Varghese, Paul Kevin Abishek Karthikeyan, Srinivasan Narasimhan
Restor Dent Endod 2025;50(1):e7.   Published online February 19, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2025.50.e7
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives
This study aimed to assess the pattern of endodontic instrument separation, their retrievability, and factors affecting its retrieval, in a postgraduate institute.
Methods
Cases referred for the management of separated endodontic instruments (SEI) from 2013 to 2023 were considered for this study. Data related to demographics, tooth type, file type, and retrieval were documented in an Excel sheet. Eight prognostic factors assumed to influence the retrieval were analyzed in this study. The secondary aim was to compare the pattern of SEI and retrievability between conventional nickel-titanium files and newer generation heat-treated nickel-titanium files. Retrieval was attempted by a senior endodontist under the dental operating microscope. Various ultrasonic tips and a Broken Tool Removal loop system were used during retrieval. Simple descriptive statistics were performed. Binomial logistic regression was done to identify the effect of the eight prognostic factors on the retrieval outcome.
Results
A total of 190 SEI was reported. SEI occurred more often in posterior teeth than anterior teeth, mandibular arch than maxillary arch, and in larger files than smaller files. Separation occurred more often in the apical third compared to the other levels. Retrieval was attempted in 88 cases and successful in 70 cases (79.5%). The larger taper and apical position of the SEI negatively influenced the retrieval by 1.4 and 8.7 times, respectively.
Conclusions
Retrieval of SEI was successful in the majority of the cases. An increase in taper and apically placed SEI negatively impacted the retrieval. There was no difference in the pattern of separation nor retrievability between conventional nickel-titanium files and newer generation heat-treated nickel-titanium files.
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Combination of a new ultrasonic tip with rotary systems for the preparation of flattened root canals
Karina Ines Medina Carita Tavares, Jáder Camilo Pinto, Airton Oliveira Santos-Junior, Fernanda Ferrari Esteves Torres, Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru, Mario Tanomaru-Filho
Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(4):e56.   Published online October 27, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e56
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study evaluated 2 nickel-titanium rotary systems and a complementary protocol with an ultrasonic tip and a small-diameter instrument in flattened root canals.

Materials and Methods

Thirty-two human maxillary second premolars with flattened canals (buccolingual diameter ≥4 times larger than the mesiodistal diameter) at 9 mm from the radiographic apex were selected. The root canals were prepared by ProDesign Logic (PDL) 30/0.01 and 30/0.05 or Hyflex EDM (HEDM) 10/0.05 and 25/0.08 (n = 16), followed by application of the Flatsonic ultrasonic tip in the cervical and middle thirds and a PDL 25/0.03 file in the apical third (FPDL). The teeth were scanned using micro-computed tomography before and after the procedures. The percentage of volume increase, debris, and uninstrumented surface area were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Wilcoxon, analysis of variance/Tukey, and paired and unpaired t-tests (α = 0.05).

Results

No significant difference was found in the volume increase and uninstrumented surface area between PDL and HEDM (p > 0.05). PDL had a higher percentage of debris than HEDM in the middle and apical thirds (p < 0.05). The FPDL protocol resulted in less debris and uninstrumented surface area for PDL and HEDM (p < 0.05). This protocol, with HEDM, reduced debris in the middle and apical thirds and uninstrumented surface area in the apical third (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

High percentages of debris and uninstrumented surface area were observed after preparation of flattened root canals. The HEDM, Flatsonic tip, and 25/0.03 instrument protocol enhanced cleaning in flattened root canals.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Flatsonic Ultrasonic Tip Optimizes the Removal of Remaining Filling Material in Flattened Root Canals: A Micro–computed Tomographic Analysis
    Airton Oliveira Santos-Junior, Karina Ines Medina Carita Tavares, Jáder Camilo Pinto, Fernanda Ferrari Esteves Torres, Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru, Mário Tanomaru-Filho
    Journal of Endodontics.2024; 50(5): 612.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Combined Ultrasonic Tip and Mechanized Instrumentation on the Reduction of the Percentage of Non-Instrumented Surfaces in Oval/Flat Root Canals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Marcella Dewes Cassal, Pedro Cardoso Soares, Marcelo dos Santos
    Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Heat-treated NiTi instruments and final irrigation protocols for biomechanical preparation of flattened canals
    Kleber Kildare Teodoro CARVALHO, Igor Bassi Ferreira PETEAN, Alice Corrêa SILVA-SOUSA, Rafael Verardino CAMARGO, Jardel Francisco MAZZI-CHAVES, Yara Terezinha Corrêa SILVA-SOUSA, Manoel Damião SOUSA-NETO
    Brazilian Oral Research.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Review Article
Clinical efficacy of activated irrigation in endodontics: a focused review
Amelia Wan Tin Cheung, Angeline Hui Cheng Lee, Gary Shun Pan Cheung
Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(1):e10.   Published online January 26, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e10
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Root canal debridement, which includes the removal of infected tissues and microbial biofilms, is considered the corner stone of root canal treatment. Chemical adjuncts play a multitude of functions in this regard, as tissue solvents, antimicrobial agents and for removing the smear layer. These adjuncts (irrigants) are usually delivered using a syringe and needle. With increasing knowledge of the complexity of root canal anatomy and tenacity of microbial biofilms, the need for strategies that potentiate the action of these irrigants within the root canal system cannot be overemphasized. Several such activated irrigation strategies exist. The aim of this review is to comprehensively discuss the different irrigant activation methods from the context of clinical studies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • REVOLUCIONANDO LA ENDODONCIA: LA IMPORTANCIA DE IRRIGANTES MÚLTIPLES PARA UNA DESINFECCIÓN EFECTIVA DEL SISTEMA DE CONDUCTOS RADICULARES UNA REVISIÓN NARRATIVA
    Irving Pablo Fernandez Calle, Edwin Macias Limachi , Abigail Marisol Vargas Ticona , Jenny Paula Aguilar Avalos , Marivel Irene Condori Escobar, Alcides Ramber Maldonado Huaycho , Jenny Claudia Apaza Cayo , Miguel Angel Espinoza Vega , Jesús Alejan
    RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218.2024; 5(11): e5115929.     CrossRef
  • Cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system provided by four active supplementary irrigation methods
    Alessandra Timponi Goes Cruz, Adriane Antoniw Klemz, Edvaldo Antônio Ribeiro Rosa, Fabiana Soares Grecca, Bianca Mattos, Lucila Piasecki, Ricardo Machado, Sérgio Aparecido Ignácio, Ulisses Xavier da Silva Neto
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Postendodontic Pain Using Single File System with Different Irrigation Protocols in Single-visit Root Canal Treatment: A Randomized Control Trial
    Kiran Patel, Kailash Attur, Nishtha Patel, Kamal M Bagda, Karthik P Venkataraghavan, Mohammed B Mustafa, Shylaja K Attur
    The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2024; 25(2): 180.     CrossRef
  • Bacteria debridement efficacy of two sonic root canal irrigant activation systems
    Chang Zeng, Pei Hu, Colin P. Egan, Brian E. Bergeron, Franklin Tay, Jingzhi Ma
    Journal of Dentistry.2024; 140: 104770.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of different activated irrigation protocols on debridement quality in various access cavity designs
    Urvashi M. Ujariya, Mitul Lallubhai Gangani, Rajendra P. Bharatiya, Anjali K. Kothari
    Endodontology.2024; 36(4): 400.     CrossRef
  • Synergistic antimicrobial potential of EGCG and fosfomycin against biofilms associated with endodontic infections
    Cristiane DUQUE, Amanda Caselato Andolfatto SOUZA, Kelly Limi AIDA, Jesse Augusto PEREIRA, Karina Sampaio CAIAFFA, Vanessa Rodrigues dos SANTOS, Leopoldo COSME-SILVA, Anuradha PRAKKI
    Journal of Applied Oral Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Insights of fluid dynamics in an optimally shaped root canal system
    Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja, Sindhu Ramesh, Krishnamachari Janani
    Saudi Endodontic Journal.2023; 13(2): 216.     CrossRef
  • Diamond–coated ultrasonic tip decreases debris and uninstrumented surface after preparation of curved canals with isthmus
    Maria Luiza GIOSTER–RAMOS, Mariana Mena Barreto PIVOTO–JOÃO, Jáder Camilo PINTO, Juliane Maria GUERREIRO–TANOMARU, Mário TANOMARU–FILHO
    Brazilian Oral Research.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation Protocols in Simulated Complex Root Canal Cavities
    Flávia A. Plazza, Renan Dal-Fabbro, Leopoldo Cosme-Silva, Paulo C. T. Duarte, Caroline Loureiro, Vitória Z. Custódio, Luciano T. A. Cintra, Marco A. H. Duarte, João Eduardo Gomes-Filho
    Oral.2022; 3(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of sealer penetration of sonic activation versus conventional needle irrigation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    Li Tan, Qiong Liu, Yun Chen, Ya-Qiong Zhao, Jie Zhao, Marie Aimee Dusenge, Yao Feng, Qin Ye, Jing Hu, Ze-Yue Ou-Yang, Ying-Hui Zhou, Yue Guo, Yun-Zhi Feng
    BMC Oral Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of Photoinduced Photoacoustic Streaming and Diode Laser Irrigation Techniques on Smear Layer Removal, Sealer Penetration and Push-out Bond Strength
    Latifa Mohamed Abdelgawad, Nancy Attia Ahmed ElShafei, Somaia Abdlatif Eissa, Dalia Yahia Ibrahim
    Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences.2022; 13(1): e12.     CrossRef
  • Microbiological Aspects of Root Canal Infections and Disinfection Strategies: An Update Review on the Current Knowledge and Challenges
    Jasmine Wong, Daniel Manoil, Peggy Näsman, Georgios N. Belibasakis, Prasanna Neelakantan
    Frontiers in Oral Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In vitro evaluation of efficacy of two endodontic sonic-powered irrigant agitation systems in killing single-species intracanal biofilms
    Chang Zeng, Joseph Everett, Stephanie Sidow, Brian E. Bergeron, Fucong Tian, Jingzhi Ma, Franklin R. Tay
    Journal of Dentistry.2021; 115: 103859.     CrossRef
  • A novel three‐dimensionally printed model to assess biofilm removal by ultrasonically activated irrigation
    Min‐Ji Choi, Mi‐Ah Kim, Yoorina Choi, Prasanna Neelakantan, Mi‐Kyung Yu, Kyung‐San Min
    International Endodontic Journal.2021; 54(10): 1871.     CrossRef
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Research Articles
Effect of ultrasonic cleaning on the bond strength of fiber posts in oval canals filled with a premixed bioceramic root canal sealer
Fernando Peña Bengoa, Maria Consuelo Magasich Arze, Cristobal Macchiavello Noguera, Luiz Felipe Nunes Moreira, Augusto Shoji Kato, Carlos Eduardo Da Silveira Bueno
Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(2):e19.   Published online February 20, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e19
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic cleaning of the intracanal post space on the bond strength of fiber posts in oval canals filled with a premixed bioceramic (Bio-C Sealer [BIOC]) root canal sealer.

Materials and Methods

Fifty premolars were endodontically prepared and divided into 5 groups (n = 10), based on the type of root canal filling material used and the post space cleaning protocol. A1: gutta-percha + AH Plus (AHP) and post space preparation with ultrasonic cleaning, A2: gutta-percha + BIOC and post space preparation with ultrasonic cleaning, B1: gutta-percha + AHP and post space preparation, B2: gutta-percha + BIOC and post space preparation, C: control group. Fiber posts were cemented with a self-adhesive luting material, and 1 mm thick slices were sectioned from the middle and cervical third to evaluate the remaining filling material microscopically. The samples were subjected to a push-out test to analyze the bond strength of the fiber post, and the results were analyzed with the Shapiro-Wilk, Bonferroni, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests (p < 0.05). Failure modes were evaluated using optical microscopy.

Results

The results showed that the fiber posts cemented in canals sealed with BIOC had lower bond strength than those sealed with AHP. The ultrasonic cleaning of the post space improved the bond strength of fiber posts in canals sealed with AHP, but not with BIOC.

Conclusions

BIOC decreased the bond strength of fiber posts in oval canals, regardless of ultrasonic cleaning.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Evaluation of different mechanical cleaning protocols associated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite in the removal of residues from the post space
    Matheus Sousa Vitória, Eran Nair Mesquita de Almeida, Antonia Patricia Oliveira Barros, Eliane Cristina Gulin de Oliveira, Joatan Lucas de Sousa Gomes Costa, Andrea Abi Rached Dantas, Milton Carlos Kuga
    Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.2024; 27(3): 274.     CrossRef
  • Fiber post cemented using different adhesive strategies to root canal dentin obturated with calcium silicate-based sealer
    Lalita Patthanawijit, Kallaya Yanpiset, Pipop Saikaew, Jeeraphat Jantarat
    BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of endodontic sealers on push-out bond strength of CAD-CAM or prefabricated fiber glass posts
    Andréa Pereira de Souza PINTO, Fabiana Mantovani Gomes FRANÇA, Roberta Tarkany BASTING, Cecilia Pedroso TURSSI, José Joatan RODRIGUES JÚNIOR, Flávia Lucisano Botelho AMARAL
    Brazilian Oral Research.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of mechanical cleaning protocols in the fiber post space on the adhesive interface between universal adhesive and root dentin
    Gabriela Mariana Castro‐Núnez, José Rodolfo Estruc Verbicário dos Santos, Joissi Ferrari Zaniboni, Wilfredo Gustavo Escalante‐Otárola, Thiago Soares Porto, Milton Carlos Kuga
    Microscopy Research and Technique.2022; 85(6): 2131.     CrossRef
  • Effect of bioceramic root canal sealers on the bond strength of fiber posts cemented with resin cements
    Rafael Nesello, Isadora Ames Silva, Igor Abreu De Bem, Karolina Bischoff, Matheus Albino Souza, Marcus Vinícius Reis Só, Ricardo Abreu Da Rosa
    Brazilian Dental Journal.2022; 33(2): 91.     CrossRef
  • Effect of irrigation protocols on root canal wall after post preparation: a micro-CT and microhardness study
    Camila Maria Peres de Rosatto, Danilo Cassiano Ferraz, Lilian Vieira Oliveira, Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares, Carlos José Soares, Mario Tanomaru Filho, Camilla Christian Gomes Moura
    Brazilian Oral Research.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of ultrasonic tips versus the Terauchi file retrieval kit for the removal of separated endodontic instruments
Preeti Jain Pruthi, Ruchika Roongta Nawal, Sangeeta Talwar, Mahesh Verma
Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(2):e14.   Published online February 6, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e14
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objective

The aim of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of ultrasonic tips versus the Terauchi file retrieval kit (TFRK) for the removal of broken endodontic instruments.

Materials and Methods

A total of 80 extracted human first mandibular molars with moderate root canal curvature were selected. Following access cavity preparation canal patency was established with a size 10/15 K-file in the mesiobuccal canals of all teeth. The teeth were divided into 2 groups of 40 teeth each: the P group (ProUltra tips) and the T group (TFRK). Each group was further subdivided into 2 smaller groups of 20 teeth each according to whether ProTaper F1 rotary instruments were fractured in either the coronal third (C constituting the PC and TC groups) or the middle third (M constituting the PM and TM groups). Instrument retrieval was performed using either ProUltra tips or the TFRK.

Results

The overall success rate at removing the separated instrument was 90% in group P and 95% in group T (p > 0.05) The mean time for instrument removal was higher with the ultrasonic tips than with the TFRK (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Both systems are acceptable clinical tools for instrument retrieval but the loop device in the TFRK requires slightly more dexterity than is needed for the ProUltra tips.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Comparison of the pull-out force of different microtube-based methods in fractured endodontic instrument removal: An in-vitro study
    Nasim Hashemi, Mohsen Aminsobhani, Mohammad Javad Kharazifard, Fatemeh Hamidzadeh, Pegah Sarraf
    BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Fracture resistance and volumetric dentin change after management of broken instrument using static navigation – An in vitro study
    Shady Atef Adeeb Yassa, Mohamed Nabeel, Ahmed M. Ghobashy, Moataz B. Alkhawas
    Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.2025; 28(4): 319.     CrossRef
  • Broken Instrument Removal Methods with a Minireview of the Literature
    Mohsen Aminsobhani, Nasim Hashemi, Fatemeh Hamidzadeh, Pegah Sarraf, Giovanni Mergoni
    Case Reports in Dentistry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comprehensive Assessment of Cyclic Fatigue Strength in Five Multiple-File Nickel–Titanium Endodontic Systems
    Jorge N. R. Martins, Emmanuel J. N. L. Silva, Duarte Marques, Francisco M. Braz Fernandes, Marco A. Versiani
    Materials.2024; 17(10): 2345.     CrossRef
  • Management of an Intracanal Separated Instrument in the Lower Right First Molar: A Case Report
    Pratik Rathod, Aditya Patel, Anuja Ikhar, Manoj Chandak, Joyeeta Mahapatra, Tejas Suryawanshi, Jay Patil, Priti Mahale
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Predictive factors in the retrieval of endodontic instruments: the relationship between the fragment length and location
    Ricardo Portigliatti, Eugenia Pilar Consoli Lizzi, Pablo Alejandro Rodríguez
    Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of two instrument retrieval techniques in removing separated rotary and reciprocating nickel-titanium files in mandibular molars – An in vitro study
    S. Jitesh, Smita Surendran, Velmurugan Natanasabapathy
    Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.2024; 27(12): 1240.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Nickel-Titanium Instruments
    Eunmi Kim, Jung-Hong Ha, Samuel O. Dorn, Ya Shen, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Sang Won Kwak
    Journal of Endodontics.2024; 50(2): 213.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of instrument removal techniques in root canal treatment: a literature review
    Rómulo Guillermo López Torres, Jairo Romario Moreno Ochoa, Verónica Alejandra Salame Ortiz
    Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of the HBW Ultrasonic Ring for retrieval of fragmented manual or rotatory instruments
    Jennifer Galván-Pacheco, Verónica Méndez-González, Ana González-Amaro, Heriberto Bujanda-Wong, Amaury Pozos-Guillén, Arturo Garrocho-Rangel
    Journal of Oral Science.2023; 65(4): 278.     CrossRef
  • Retrieving Fragments
    Swayangprabha Sarangi, Manoj Ghanshyamdasji Chandak, Kajol Naresh Relan, Payal Sandeep Chaudhari, Pooja Chandak, Anuja Ikhar
    Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University.2022; 17(2): 429.     CrossRef
  • A novel approach for retrieval of separated endodontic instrument: Two case reports
    Tanvi Kohli, Syed Shahid Hilal
    IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics.2022; 7(3): 143.     CrossRef
  • A novel endodontic extractor needle for separated instrument retrieval
    Saaid Al Shehadat, Colin Alexander Murray, Sunaina Shetty Yadadi
    Advances in Biomedical and Health Sciences.2022; 1(2): 116.     CrossRef
  • Present status and future directions: Removal of fractured instruments
    Yoshi Terauchi, Wagih Tarek Ali, Mohamed Mohsen Abielhassan
    International Endodontic Journal.2022; 55(S3): 685.     CrossRef
  • Ultrasonic Use in Endodontic Management Approach, Review Article
    Bakheet Mohammed Al-Ghannam, Khalid Abdulmohsen Almuhrij, Rund Talal Basfar, Raghad Omar Alamoudi, Aseel Mohammed Alqahtani, Ahmed Atef Sait, Ahmed Loay Ghannam, Sultan Khalid Abdoun
    World Journal of Environmental Biosciences.2021; 10(1): 61.     CrossRef
  • The Time Taken for Retrieval of Separated Instrument and the Change in Root Canal Volume after Two Different Techniques Using Cbct
    Balu Santhosh Kumar, Sridevi Krishnamoorthy, Sandhya Shanmugam, Angambakkam Rajasekharan PradeepKumar
    Indian Journal of Dental Research.2021; 32(4): 489.     CrossRef
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Case Report
A case report of multiple bilateral dens invaginatus in maxillary anteriors
Shin Hye Chung, You-Jeong Hwang, Sung-Yeop You, Young-Hye Hwang, Soram Oh
Restor Dent Endod 2019;44(4):e39.   Published online October 21, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2019.44.e39
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The present report presents a case of dens invaginatus (DI) in a patient with 4 maxillary incisors. A 24-year-old female complained of swelling of the maxillary left anterior region and discoloration of the maxillary left anterior tooth. The maxillary left lateral incisor (tooth #22) showed pulp necrosis and a chronic apical abscess, and a periapical X-ray demonstrated DI on bilateral maxillary central and lateral incisors. All teeth responded to a vitality test, except tooth #22. The anatomic form of tooth #22 was similar to that of tooth #12, and both teeth had lingual pits. In addition, panoramic and periapical X-rays demonstrated root canal calcification, such as pulp stones, in the maxillary canines, first and second premolars, and the mandibular incisors, canines, and first premolars bilaterally. The patient underwent root canal treatment of tooth #22 and non-vital tooth bleaching. After a temporary filling material was removed, the invaginated mass was removed using ultrasonic tips under an operating microscope. The working length was established, and the root canal was enlarged up to #50 apical size and obturated with gutta-percha and AH 26 sealer using the continuous wave of condensation technique. Finally, non-vital bleaching was performed, and the access cavity was filled with composite resin.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Endodontic Management of Dens in Dente – A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series
    Sanket Dilip Aras, Anamika Chetan Borkar, Sonal Kale, Sayali Maral, Prakriti Jaggi, Shailendra Sonawane
    Journal of the International Clinical Dental Research Organization.2024; 16(1): 17.     CrossRef
  • Dens invaginatus of fourteen teeth in a pediatric patient
    Momoko Usuda, Tatsuya Akitomo, Mariko Kametani, Satoru Kusaka, Chieko Mitsuhata, Ryota Nomura
    Pediatric Dental Journal.2023; 33(3): 240.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of the Preferred Reporting Items for Case Reports in Endodontics (PRICE) 2020 Guidelines on the Reporting of Endodontic Case Reports
    Sofian Youssef, Phillip Tomson, Amir Reza Akbari, Natalie Archer, Fayjel Shah, Jasmeet Heran, Sunmeet Kandhari, Sandeep Pai, Shivakar Mehrotra, Joanna M Batt
    Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Root Maturation of an Immature Dens Invaginatus Despite Unsuccessful Revitalization Procedure: A Case Report and Recommendations for Educational Purposes
    Julia Ludwig, Marcel Reymus, Alexander Winkler, Sebastian Soliman, Ralf Krug, Gabriel Krastl
    Dentistry Journal.2023; 11(2): 47.     CrossRef
  • Conservative Management of Infraorbital Space Infection Secondary to Type III B Dens Invaginatus: A Case Report
    Ashima Goyal, Aditi Kapur, Manoj A Jaiswal, Gauba Krishan, Raja Raghu, Sanjeev K Singh
    Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research.2022; 56(4): 192.     CrossRef
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  • 10 Download
  • 5 Crossref
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Research Articles
Effect of ultrasonic agitation on push-out bond strength and adaptation of root-end filling materials
Murilo Priori Alcalde, Rodrigo Ricci Vivan, Marina Angélica Marciano, Jussaro Alves Duque, Samuel Lucas Fernandes, Mariana Bailo Rosseto, Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
Restor Dent Endod 2018;43(2):e23.   Published online April 27, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2018.43.e23
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study evaluated the effect of ultrasonic agitation of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium silicate-based cement (CSC), and Sealer 26 (S26) on adaptation at the cement/dentin interface and push-out bond strength.

Materials and Methods

Sixty maxillary canines were divided into 6 groups (n = 10): MTA, S26, and CSC, with or without ultrasonic activation (US). After obturation, the apical portions of the teeth were sectioned, and retrograde cavities were prepared and filled with cement by hand condensation. In the US groups, the cement was activated for 60 seconds: 30 seconds in the mesio-distal direction and 30 seconds in the buccal-lingual direction, using a mini Irrisonic insert coupled with the ultrasound transducer. After the materials set, 1.5-mm thick sections were obtained from the apexes. The presence of gaps and the bond between cement and dentin were analyzed using low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy. Push-out bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine.

Results

Ultrasonic agitation increased the interfacial adaptation of the cements. The S26 US group showed a higher adaptation value than MTA (p < 0.05). US improved the push-out bond strength for all the cements (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The US of retrograde filling cements enhanced the bond to the dentin wall of the root-end filling materials tested.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effect of ultrasonic activation on setting time, pH and calcium ion release, solubility, and chemical structure of calcium silicate sealers
    Simone Argenta Scalabrin, Lina Naomi Hashizume, Theodoro Weissheimer, Gabriel Barcelos Só, Jefferson Ricardo Pereira, Milton Carlos Kuga, Ricardo Abreu da Rosa, Marcus Vinicius Reis Só
    Brazilian Dental Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Impact of different disinfection protocols on the bond strength of NeoMTA 2 bioceramic sealer used as a root canal apical plug (in vitro study)
    Nada Omar, Nihal Refaat Kabel, Muhammad Abbass Masoud, Tamer M. Hamdy
    BDJ Open.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of Endo-Z bur or Bladesonic ultrasonic tip on the adaptation of filling material. A micro-CT study
    Pedro Henrique Fiorin de Souza, Airton Oliveira Santos-Junior, Jáder Camilo Pinto, Karina Ines Medina Carita Tavares, Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru, Mário Tanomaru-Filho
    Brazilian Dental Journal.2023; 34(5): 29.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Different Mixing Methods on Physicochemical Properties of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A Systematic Review
    Amin Salem Milani, Faraz Radmand, Behrad Rahbani, Mahdi Hadilou, Farnaz Haji Abbas Oghli, Fatemeh Salehnia, Milad Baseri, Stefano Pagano
    International Journal of Dentistry.2023; 2023: 1.     CrossRef
  • Micro-CT comparative evaluation of porosity and dentin adaptation of root end filling materials applied with incremental, bulk, and ultrasonic activation techniques
    Berkan Celikten, Aysenur Oncu, Mehrdad Koohnavard, Mert Ocak, Kaan Orhan
    Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine.2022; 236(8): 1209.     CrossRef
  • Effect of ultrasonic activation of the adhesive system on dentin tubule penetration and the pushout bond strength of fiber posts
    Isabel Verdum, Igor Abreu de Bem, Pedro Henrique Marks Duarte, Lucas Silveira Machado, Jefferson Ricardo Pereira, Marcus Vinícius Reis Só, Ricardo Abreu da Rosa
    The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.2022; 127(2): 295.     CrossRef
  • Influence of Ultrasonic Activation on the Physicochemical Properties of Calcium Silicate-Based Cements
    Fredson Márcio Acris De Carvalho, Yara Teresinha Corrêa Silva-Sousa, Carlos Eduardo Saraiva Miranda, Paulo Henrique Miller Calderon, Ana Flávia Simões Barbosa, Luciana Martins Domingues De Macedo, Fuad Jacob Abi Rached-Junior, Boonlert Kukiattrakoon
    International Journal of Dentistry.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
  • Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of the flow and filling ability of endodontic materials using different test models
    Fernanda Ferrari Esteves Torres, Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru, Gisselle Moraima Chavez-Andrade, Jader Camilo Pinto, Fábio Luiz Camargo Villela Berbert, Mario Tanomaru-Filho
    Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Lauter Eston PELEPENKO, Flávia SAAVEDRA, Gabriela Fernanda BOMBARDA, Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida GOMES, Adriana DE-JESUS-SOARES, Alexandre Augusto ZAIA, Marco Antonio Hungaro DUARTE, Mario TANOMARU-FILHO, Marina Angélica MARCIANO
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  • Effect of Ultrasonic Activation of Endodontic Sealers on Intratubular Penetration and Bond Strength to Root Dentin
    Igor Abreu De Bem, Renata Aqel de Oliveira, Theodoro Weissheimer, Carlos Alexandre Souza Bier, Marcus Vinícius Reis Só, Ricardo Abreu da Rosa
    Journal of Endodontics.2020; 46(9): 1302.     CrossRef
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Smear layer removal by different chemical solutions used with or without ultrasonic activation after post preparation
Daniel Poletto, Ana Claudia Poletto, Andressa Cavalaro, Ricardo Machado, Leopoldo Cosme-Silva, Cássia Cilene Dezan Garbelini, Márcio Grama Hoeppner
Restor Dent Endod 2017;42(4):324-331.   Published online November 1, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2017.42.4.324
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study evaluated smear layer removal by different chemical solutions used with or without ultrasonic activation after post preparation.

Materials and Methods

Forty-five extracted uniradicular human mandibular premolars with single canals were treated endodontically. The cervical and middle thirds of the fillings were then removed, and the specimens were divided into 9 groups: G1, saline solution (NaCl); G2, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); G3, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); G4, 11.5% polyacrylic acid (PAA); G5, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). For the groups 6, 7, 8, and 9, the same solutions used in the groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were used, respectively, but activated with ultrasonic activation. Afterwards, the roots were analyzed by a score considering the images obtained from a scanning electron microscope.

Results

EDTA achieved the best performance compared with the other solutions evaluated regardless of the irrigation method (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Ultrasonic activation did not significantly influence smear layer removal.

Citations

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    Matej Par, Tobias Steffen, Selinay Dogan, Noah Walser, Tobias T. Tauböck
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Chandra Prabha, Chitharanjan Shetty, Aditya Shetty
    Journal of International Oral Health.2024; 16(6): 498.     CrossRef
  • Laboratory Assessment of Antibacterial Efficacy of Five Different Herbal-based Potential Endodontic Irrigants
    Anjali A Oak, Kailash Attur, Kamal Bagda, Nitish Mathur, Lubna Mohammad, Nikhat M Attar
    Advances in Human Biology.2023; 13(4): 350.     CrossRef
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    Paulina Leticia Moreno-Sánchez, Maricela Ramírez-Álvarez, Alfredo del Rosario Ayala-Ham, Erika de Lourdes Silva-Benítez, Miguel Ángel Casillas-Santana, Diana Leyva del Rio, León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal, Erik Lizárraga-Verdugo, Mariana Melisa Avendaño
    Applied Sciences.2023; 13(14): 8083.     CrossRef
  • Effect of irrigation protocols on smear layer removal, bond strength and nanoleakage of fiber posts using a self-adhesive resin cement
    Rodrigo Stadler Alessi, Renata Terumi Jitumori, Bruna Fortes Bittencourt, Giovana Mongruel Gomes, João Carlos Gomes
    Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Luiz Pascoal Vansan, Ricardo Machado, Celso Bernardes de Souza, Ricardo Gariba, Antônio Miranda da Cruz, Cinara Muniz, Jardel FranciscoX Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves, Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia
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    Carla M. Augusto, Miguel A. Cunha Neto, Karem P. Pinto, Ana Flavia A. Barbosa, Emmanuel J. N. L. Silva, Ana Paula P. dos Santos, Luciana M. Sassone
    Australian Endodontic Journal.2022; 48(2): 347.     CrossRef
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    Niloofar Hojabri, Karl-Heinz Kunzelmann
    BMC Oral Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Zaid A. Al Jeaidi
    Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy.2021; 33: 102108.     CrossRef
  • The Antibacterial Efficacy and In Vivo Toxicity of Sodium Hypochlorite and Electrolyzed Oxidizing (EO) Water-Based Endodontic Irrigating Solutions
    Sung-Chih Hsieh, Nai-Chia Teng, Chia Chun Chu, You-Tai Chu, Chung-He Chen, Liang-Yu Chang, Chieh-Yun Hsu, Ching-Shuan Huang, Grace Ying-Wen Hsiao, Jen-Chang Yang
    Materials.2020; 13(2): 260.     CrossRef
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The use of auxiliary devices during irrigation to increase the cleaning ability of a chelating agent
Marina Carvalho Prado, Fernanda Leal, Renata Antoun Simão, Heloisa Gusman, Maíra do Prado
Restor Dent Endod 2017;42(2):105-110.   Published online February 3, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2017.42.2.105
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study investigated the cleaning ability of ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI) and a novel activation system with reciprocating motion (EC, EasyClean, Easy Equipamentos Odontológicos) when used with a relatively new chelating agent (QMix, Dentsply). In addition, the effect of QMix solution when used for a shorter (1 minute) and a longer application time (3 minutes) was investigated.

Materials and Methods

Fifty permanent human teeth were prepared with K3 rotary system and 6% sodium hypochlorite. Samples were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10) according to the final irrigation protocol: G1, negative control (distilled water); G2, positive control (QMix 1 minute); G3, QMix 1 minute/UAI; G4, QMix 1 minute/EC; G5, QMix 3 minutes. Subsequently the teeth were prepared and three photomicrographs were obtained in each root third of root walls, by scanning electron microscopy. Two blinded and pre-calibrated examiners evaluated the images using a four-category scoring system. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p < 0.05).

Results

There were differences among groups (p < 0.05). UAI showed better cleaning ability than EC (p < 0.05). There were improvements when QMix was used with auxiliary devices in comparison with conventional irrigation (p < 0.05). Conventional irrigation for 3 minutes presented significantly better results than its use for 1 minute (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

QMix should be used for 1 minute when it is used with UAI, since this final irrigation protocol showed the best performance and also allowed clinical optimization of this procedure.

Citations

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  • Comparative Evaluation of Different Methods of Activation of Chelating Solution for Smear Layer Removal in the Apical Portion of the Root Canal Using a Scanning Electron Microscopy: An In Vitro Study
    Mrunal B Alhat, Sudha B Mattigatti, Rushikesh R Mahaparale, Kapil D Wahane, Apoorva Jadhav
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Dilara Koruk, Fatma Basmacı, Dilan Kırmızı, Umut Aksoy
    Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery.2022; 40(8): 565.     CrossRef
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    Lívia Rodrigues Schneider, Larissa Giovanella
    Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento.2022; : 135.     CrossRef
  • Smear layer removal by passive ultrasonic irrigation and 2 new mechanical methods for activation of the chelating solution
    Ricardo Machado, Isadora da Silva, Daniel Comparin, Bianca Araujo Marques de Mattos, Luiz Rômulo Alberton, Ulisses Xavier da Silva Neto
    Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Poliana Amanda Oliveira Silva, Stella Maris de Freitas Lima, Mirna de Souza Freire, André Melro Murad, Octávio Luiz Franco, Taia Maria Berto Rezende
    Clinical Oral Investigations.2021; 25(5): 3285.     CrossRef
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    Margaret Soo Yee Chia, Abhishek Parolia, Benjamin Syek Hur Lim, Jayakumar Jayaraman, Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes Porto
    Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Felipe de Souza Matos, Fabrício Rutz da Silva, Luiz Renato Paranhos, Camilla Christian Gomes Moura, Eduardo Bresciani, Marcia Carneiro Valera
    Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, Carla Rodrigues Carvalho, Felipe Gonçalves Belladonna, Marina Carvalho Prado, Ricardo Tadeu Lopes, Gustavo De-Deus, Edson Jorge Lima Moreira
    Clinical Oral Investigations.2019; 23(2): 681.     CrossRef
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Close layer
Quality of root canal fillings using three gutta-percha obturation techniques
Edith Siu Shan Ho, Jeffrey Wen Wei Chang, Gary Shun Pan Cheung
Restor Dent Endod 2016;41(1):22-28.   Published online January 4, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2016.41.1.22
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

The goal of this study was to compare the density of gutta-percha root fillings obturated with the following techniques: cold lateral (CL) compaction, ultrasonic lateral (UL) compaction, and warm vertical (WV) compaction.

Materials and Methods

Thirty-three extracted mandibular first molars, with two separate mesial canals in each, were selected. After instrumentation, the canals were stratified into three groups based on canal length and curvature, and underwent obturation with one of the techniques. No sealer was used in order to avoid masking any voids. The teeth were imaged pre- and post-obturation using micro-computed tomography. The reconstructed three-dimensional images were analyzed volumetrically to determine the amount of gutta-percha present in every 2 mm segment of the canal. P values < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.

Results

The overall mean volume fraction of gutta-percha was 68.51 ± 6.75% for CL, 86.56 ± 5.00% for UL, and 88.91 ± 5.16% for WV. Significant differences were found between CL and UL and between CL and WV (p < 0.05), but not between UL and WV (p = 0.526). The gutta-percha density of the roots treated with WV and UL increased towards the coronal aspect, but this trend was not noted in the CL group.

Conclusions

WV compaction and UL compaction produced a significantly denser gutta-percha root filling than CL compaction. The density of gutta-percha was observed to increase towards the coronal aspect when the former two techniques were used.

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    Jia Min Ng, Yan Yee Lee, Prashanti Chippagiri, Elaheh Ahanin, Abhishek Parolia
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    Manuele MANCINI, Flavio PALAZZI, Francesco IACONO
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    Rong Chai, Xinpei Jiang, Ruixia Ma, Qiang Zhang, E Yang, Ansheng Zhang
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    Luca Fiorillo, Cesare D’Amico, Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa, Francesco Calanna, Alfio Pappalardo, Eugenio Pedullà
    Journal of Craniofacial Surgery.2024; 35(2): 672.     CrossRef
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    Adhishree S Chib, Neeta S Padmawar, Sonali Waghmare, Durgesh A Tiwari, Shahinwaz Mulani, Megna Bhatt
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Anita Kapri, Kiran Reddy, Varun Rana, Oliver Jacob, Pushpa Kumari
    IP Annals of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry.2024; 10(1): 59.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.2023; 15(Suppl 2): S895.     CrossRef
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    Daniel Feijolo Marconi, Giovana Siocheta da Silva, Theodoro Weissheimer, Isadora Ames Silva, Gabriel Barcelos Só, Leonardo Thomasi Jahnke, Jovito Adiel Skupien, Marcus Vinicius Reis Só, Ricardo Abreu da Rosa
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    SusMat.2022; 2(1): 2.     CrossRef
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    Riccardo Tonini, Matteo Salvadori, Marco Bartoli, Jacopo Francinelli, Paolo Bertoletti, Maria Luisa Garo, Stefano Salgarello
    Applied Sciences.2022; 12(17): 8877.     CrossRef
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    Gustavo De‐Deus, Erick Miranda Souza, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, Felipe Gonçalves Belladonna, Marco Simões‐Carvalho, Daniele Moreira Cavalcante, Marco Aurélio Versiani
    International Endodontic Journal.2022; 55(S2): 384.     CrossRef
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    Clinical Oral Investigations.2021; 25(11): 6211.     CrossRef
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    Shilpa Bhandi, Mohammed Mashyakhy, Abdulaziz S. Abumelha, Mazen F. Alkahtany, Mohamed Jamal, Hitesh Chohan, A. Thirumal Raj, Luca Testarelli, Rodolfo Reda, Shankargouda Patil
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    Rafael Nigri Roizenblit, Fabiola Ormiga Soares, Ricardo Tadeu Lopes, Bernardo Camargo dos Santos, Heloisa Gusman
    Australian Endodontic Journal.2020; 46(1): 82.     CrossRef
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    NawalA Al-Sabawi, MahaM Yahya, NjwanF Shehab
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    Mario Tanomaru-Filho, Fernanda Ferrari Esteves Torres, Jader Camilo Pinto, Airton Oliveira Santos-Junior, Karina Ines Medina Carita Tavares, Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru
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Evaluation of penetration depth of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate into root dentinal tubules using confocal laser scanning microscope
Sekar Vadhana, Jothi Latha, Natanasabapathy Velmurugan
Restor Dent Endod 2015;40(2):149-154.   Published online March 4, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.2.149
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study evaluated the penetration depth of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) into root dentinal tubules and the influence of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM).

Materials and Methods

Twenty freshly extracted anterior teeth were decoronated and instrumented using Mtwo rotary files up to size 40, 4% taper. The samples were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10), that is, conventional syringe irrigation (CSI) and PUI. CHX was mixed with Rhodamine B dye and was used as the final irrigant. The teeth were sectioned at coronal, middle and apical levels and viewed under CLSM to record the penetration depth of CHX. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results

The mean penetration depths of 2% CHX in coronal, middle and apical thirds were 138 µm, 80 µm and 44 µm in CSI group, respectively, whereas the mean penetration depths were 209 µm, 138 µm and 72 µm respectively in PUI group. Statistically significant difference was present between CSI group and PUI group at all three levels (p < 0.01 for coronal third and p < 0.001 for middle and apical thirds). On intragroup analysis, both groups showed statistically significant difference among three levels (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Penetration depth of 2% CHX into root dentinal tubules is deeper in coronal third when compared to middle and apical third. PUI aided in deeper penetration of 2% CHX into dentinal tubules when compared to conventional syringe irrigation at all three levels.

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    Yi Luo, Mengting Duan, Runze Liu, Pei Liu, Wei Fan, Bing Fan
    Journal of Dental Sciences.2024; 19(4): 2226.     CrossRef
  • The effect of 2% chlorhexidine iontophoresis on dentin sealing ability of etch-and-rinse adhesive: An in vitro study
    Kanittha Kijsamanmith, Panisara Srisatayasatien, Nichapa Thanindratarn, Chanisa Vichainarong, Jirapat Panyasukum
    Journal of Dental Sciences.2024; 19(2): 846.     CrossRef
  • Influence of different presentation forms of chlorhexidine on contaminated root canals during agitation
    Ana B. S. Lopes, Augusto R. Lima, Juliana D. Bronzato, Daniel R. Herrera, Priscila A. Francisco, Maria C. C. Carvalho, Gabriel Abuna, Mario Sinhoreti, Brenda P. F. A. Gomes
    Australian Endodontic Journal.2024; 50(3): 513.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the transdentinal capability of the intrinsic antibacterial cetylpyridinium chloride/cholesterol sterosomes in vitro and in vivo
    Xiaojun Yang, Chaoning Zhan, Tianjiao Cheng, Minchun Huang, Weiwen Ge, Yiqing Zhang, Ting Chen, Yanli Lu, Zhong‐Kai Cui, Jin Hou
    International Endodontic Journal.2023; 56(2): 245.     CrossRef
  • Dentinal tubule penetration of sodium hypochlorite in root canals with and without mechanical preparation and different irrigant activation methods
    Renata Aqel de Oliveira, Theodoro Weissheimer, Gabriel Barcelos Só, Ricardo Abreu da Rosa, Matheus Albino Souza, Rodrigo Gonçalves Ribeiro, Marcus Vinicius Reis Só
    Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development of Lipidic Nanoplatform for Intra-Oral Delivery of Chlorhexidine: Characterization, Biocompatibility, and Assessment of Depth of Penetration in Extracted Human Teeth
    Krishnaraj Somyaji Shirur, Bharath Singh Padya, Abhijeet Pandey, Manasa Manjunath Hegde, Aparna I. Narayan, Bola Sadashiva Satish Rao, Varadaraj G. Bhat, Srinivas Mutalik
    Nanomaterials.2022; 12(19): 3372.     CrossRef
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    Sembagalakshmi Thirunarayanan, MithraN Hegde
    Journal of Conservative Dentistry.2022; 25(4): 380.     CrossRef
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    HelaylA Alshaibani, ShibuThomas Mathew
    Journal of the International Clinical Dental Research Organization.2022; 14(1): 37.     CrossRef
  • Calcium hydroxide/iodoform nanoparticles as an intracanal filling medication: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro study using a bovine primary tooth model
    Arturo Garrocho-Rangel, Diana María Escobar-García, Mariana Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Denisse Herrera-Badillo, Fernanda Carranco-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos Flores-Arriaga, Amaury Pozos-Guillén
    Odontology.2021; 109(3): 687.     CrossRef
  • The influence of irrigant activation, concentration and contact time on sodium hypochlorite penetration into root dentine: an ex vivo experiment
    S. S. Virdee, D. J. J. Farnell, M. A. Silva, J. Camilleri, P. R. Cooper, P. L. Tomson
    International Endodontic Journal.2020; 53(7): 986.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of different irrigation methods on dentinal tubule penetration of Chlorhexidine, QMix and Irritrol: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study
    Meltem Küçük, Fatma Kermeoğlu
    Australian Endodontic Journal.2019; 45(2): 202.     CrossRef
  • Sodium hypochlorite penetration into dentinal tubules after manual dynamic agitation and ultrasonic activation: a histochemical evaluation
    Luigi Generali, Erica Campolongo, Ugo Consolo, Carlo Bertoldi, Luciano Giardino, Francesco Cavani
    Odontology.2018; 106(4): 454.     CrossRef
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    Derya Deniz Sungur, Nuhan Purali, Erdal Coşgun, Semra Calt
    Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2016; 41(2): 114.     CrossRef
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Effect of three different irrigation solutions applied by passive ultrasonic irrigation
Carmen Llena, Leopoldo Forner, Raquel Cambralla, Adrian Lozano
Restor Dent Endod 2015;40(2):143-148.   Published online February 11, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.2.143
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study evaluated the maximum depth and percentage of irrigant penetration into dentinal tubules by passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI).

Materials and Methods

Thirty extracted human teeth were instrumented and divided into three groups. According to final irrigation regimen, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (Group A, NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (Group B, CHX) and saline solution (Group C, control group) were applied with Irrisafe 20 tips (Acteon) and PUI. Irrigant was mixed with 0.1% rhodamine B. Sections at 2 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm from the apex were examined with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The percentage and maximum depth of irrigant penetration were measured. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test were performed for overall comparison between groups at each level and for pairwise comparison, respectively. Within a group, Wilcoxon test was performed among different levels. p values less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results

In all groups, highest penetration depth and percentage of penetration were observed at the 8 mm level. At 2 mm level, Groups A and B had significantly greater depths and percentages in penetration than Group C (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between Groups A and B. At 5 mm level, penetration depths and percentage of penetration was not significantly different among the groups.

Conclusions

NaOCl and CHX applied by PUI showed similar depth and percentage of penetration at all evaluated levels.

Citations

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  • Comparative evaluation of side-vented needle, air sonic, and ultrasonic irrigation techniques on sodium hypochlorite penetration into tubules of dentin in root canal: An in vitro study
    Anjali Meena, Nidhi Sharma, Dakshita Joy Sinha, Sarita Singh, Anu Dhawan, Neha Verma
    Endodontology.2025; 37(1): 80.     CrossRef
  • The influence of irrigant activation, concentration and contact time on sodium hypochlorite penetration into root dentine: an ex vivo experiment
    S. S. Virdee, D. J. J. Farnell, M. A. Silva, J. Camilleri, P. R. Cooper, P. L. Tomson
    International Endodontic Journal.2020; 53(7): 986.     CrossRef
  • Sodium hypochlorite penetration into dentinal tubules after manual dynamic agitation and ultrasonic activation: a histochemical evaluation
    Luigi Generali, Erica Campolongo, Ugo Consolo, Carlo Bertoldi, Luciano Giardino, Francesco Cavani
    Odontology.2018; 106(4): 454.     CrossRef
  • Sonic versus ultrasonic activation for the cleaning of the root canal after post space preparation: an in vitro study.
    René Carrasco, Ricardo Román, Makarena Ojeda, Carolina Vergara
    Journal Oral Of Research.2015; 4(4): 255.     CrossRef
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  • 4 Crossref
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Cutting efficiency of apical preparation using ultrasonic tips with microprojections: confocal laser scanning microscopy study
Sang-Won Kwak, Young-Mi Moon, Yeon-Jee Yoo, Seung-Ho Baek, WooCheol Lee, Hyeon-Cheol Kim
Restor Dent Endod 2014;39(4):276-281.   Published online July 22, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2014.39.4.276
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

The purpose of this study was to compare the cutting efficiency of a newly developed microprojection tip and a diamond-coated tip under two different engine powers.

Materials and Methods

The apical 3-mm of each root was resected, and root-end preparation was performed with upward and downward pressure using one of the ultrasonic tips, KIS-1D (Obtura Spartan) or JT-5B (B&L Biotech Ltd.). The ultrasonic engine was set to power-1 or -4. Forty teeth were randomly divided into four groups: K1 (KIS-1D / Power-1), J1 (JT-5B / Power-1), K4 (KIS-1D / Power-4), and J4 (JT-5B / Power-4). The total time required for root-end preparation was recorded. All teeth were resected and the apical parts were evaluated for the number and length of cracks using a confocal scanning micrscope. The size of the root-end cavity and the width of the remaining dentin were recorded. The data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and a Mann-Whitney test.

Results

There was no significant difference in the time required between the instrument groups, but the power-4 groups showed reduced preparation time for both instrument groups (p < 0.05). The K4 and J4 groups with a power-4 showed a significantly higher crack formation and a longer crack irrespective of the instruments. There was no significant difference in the remaining dentin thickness or any of the parameters after preparation.

Conclusions

Ultrasonic tips with microprojections would be an option to substitute for the conventional ultrasonic tips with a diamond coating with the same clinical efficiency.

Citations

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  • Effectiveness of Sectioning Method and Filling Materials on Roughness and Cell Attachments in Root Resection Procedure
    Tarek Ashi, Naji Kharouf, Olivier Etienne, Bérangère Cournault, Pierre Klienkoff, Varvara Gribova, Youssef Haikel
    European Journal of Dentistry.2025; 19(01): 240.     CrossRef
  • Questioning the spot light on Hi-tech endodontics
    Jojo Kottoor, Denzil Albuquerque
    Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2016; 41(1): 80.     CrossRef
  • 210 View
  • 2 Download
  • 2 Crossref
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Effect of ultrasonic tip designs on intraradicular post removal
Anny Carine Barros Aguiar, Daniely Amorim de Meireles, André Augusto Franco Marques, Emílio Carlos Sponchiado Júnior, Angela Delfina Bitencourt Garrido, Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia
Restor Dent Endod 2014;39(4):265-269.   Published online July 17, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2014.39.4.265
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

To evaluate the effect of different ultrasonic tip designs on intraradicular post removal.

Materials and Methods

The crowns of forty human canine teeth were removed, and after biomechanical preparation and filling, the roots were embedded in acrylic resin blocks. The post spaces were made, and root canal molding was performed with self-cured acrylic resin. After casting (Cu-Al), the posts were cemented with zinc phosphate cement. The specimens were randomly separated into 4 groups (n = 10), as follows: G1 - no ultrasonic vibration (control); G2 - ultrasonic vibration using an elongated cylindrical-shaped and active rounded tip; G3 - ultrasonic vibration with a flattened convex and linear active tip; G4 - ultrasonic vibration with active semicircular tapered tip. Ultrasonic vibration was applied for 15 seconds on each post surface and tensile test was performed in a Universal Testing Machine (Instron 4444 - 1 mm/min).

Results

G4 presented the highest mean values, however, with no statistically significant difference in comparison to G3 (P > 0.05). G2 presented the lowest mean values with statistically significant difference to G3 and G4 (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Ultrasonic vibration with elongated cylindrical-shaped and active rounded tip was most effective in reducing force required for intraradicular post removal.

Citations

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  • The effect of ultrasonic vibration protocols for cast post removal on the incidence of root dentin defects
    Giulliano C. Serpa, Orlando A. Guedes, Neurinelma S. S. Freitas, Julio A. Silva, Carlos Estrela, Daniel A. Decurcio
    Journal of Oral Science.2023; 65(3): 190.     CrossRef
  • Activación ultrasónica durante la preparación bio químico mecánica del tratamiento endodóntico no quirúrgico. Revisión de la literatura
    Gisselle Cantanzaro, Nelsin Villaroel, Diana Dorta
    ODOUS Científica .2022; 22(2): 135.     CrossRef
  • Endodontic Retreatment Using Dynamic Navigation: A Case Report
    Jonathan Bardales-Alcocer, Marco Ramírez-Salomón, Elma Vega-Lizama, María López-Villanueva, Gabriel Alvarado-Cárdenas, Kenneth S. Serota, Jorgeraul Ramírez-Wong
    Journal of Endodontics.2021; 47(6): 1007.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of a Cavity to Optimize Ultrasonic Efficiency to Remove Intraradicular Posts
    Izabela Araujo Aguiar Graça, Emílio Carlos Sponchiado Júnior, André Augusto Franco Marques, Leandro de Moura Martins, Ângela Delfina Bittencourt Garrido
    Journal of Endodontics.2017; 43(8): 1350.     CrossRef
  • REMOVAL ALLOY CAST ROOT INLAY BY LOWPOWER ULTRASONIC AND STANDARD TIP
    L. D. Vejsgejm, T. N. Gomenjuk
    Journal of Volgograd State Medical University.2017; 14(4): 37.     CrossRef
  • Questioning the spot light on Hi-tech endodontics
    Jojo Kottoor, Denzil Albuquerque
    Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2016; 41(1): 80.     CrossRef
  • 227 View
  • 3 Download
  • 6 Crossref
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Effect of passive ultrasonic agitation during final irrigation on cleaning capacity of hybrid instrumentation
Marcilene Coelho Vinhorte, Eduardo Hideki Suzuki, Maíra Sousa de Carvalho, André Augusto Franco Marques, Emílio Carlos Sponchiado Júnior, Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia
Restor Dent Endod 2014;39(2):104-108.   Published online March 21, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2014.39.2.104
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

To evaluate the effect of passive ultrasonic agitation on the cleaning capacity of a hybrid instrumentation technique.

Materials and Methods

Twenty mandibular incisors with mesiodistal-flattened root shape had their crowns sectioned at 1 mm from the cementoenamel junction. Instrumentation was initiated by catheterization with K-type files (Denstply Maillefer) #10, #15, and #20 at 3 mm from the working length. Cervical preparation was performed with Largo bur #1 (Dentsply Maillefer) followed by apical instrumentation with K-type files #15, #20 and #25, and finishing with ProTaper F2 file (Denstply Maillefer). All files were used up to the working length under irrigation with 1 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (Biodynâmica) at each instrument change. At the end of instrumentation, the roots were randomly separated into 2 groups (n = 10). All specimens received final irrigation with 1 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. The solution remained in the root canals in Group 1 for one minute; and ultrasonic agitation was performed in Group 2 for one minute using a straight tip inserted at 1 mm from working length. The specimens were processed histologically and the sections were analyzed under optic microscope (×64) to quantify debris present in the root canal.

Results

The samples submitted to ultrasonic agitation (Group 2) presented significant decrease in the amount of debris in comparison with those of Group 1 (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The hybrid instrumentation technique associated with passive ultrasonic agitation promoted greater debris removal in the apical third of the root canals.

Citations

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  • Micro-CT Evaluation of Different Root Canal Irrigation Protocols on the Removal of Accumulated Hard Tissue Debris: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Ailin Liang, Luo Huang, Baoyu Li, Yihua Huang, Xiaoyan Zhou, Xufang Zhang, Qimei Gong
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(20): 6053.     CrossRef
  • Ultrasonic Irrigant Activation during Root Canal Treatment: A Systematic Review
    Petruţa E. Căpută, Anastasios Retsas, Lydwien Kuijk, Luis E. Chávez de Paz, Christos Boutsioukis
    Journal of Endodontics.2019; 45(1): 31.     CrossRef
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    Marina Baechtold, Leonardo da Cunha, Erick Souza, Marilisa Gabardo, Kauhanna de Oliveira, Flares Baratto-Filho, Denise Leonardi
    The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2018; 19(7): 768.     CrossRef
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    Denise Piotto Leonardi, Celso Alfredo Schramm, Allan Fernando Giovanini, Cibelli Mariane Silveira, Flávia Sens Fagundes Tomazinho, Flares Baratto-Filho
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  • Effect of three different irrigation solutions applied by passive ultrasonic irrigation
    Carmen Llena, Leopoldo Forner, Raquel Cambralla, Adrian Lozano
    Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2015; 40(2): 143.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of penetration depth of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate into root dentinal tubules using confocal laser scanning microscope
    Sekar Vadhana, Jothi Latha, Natanasabapathy Velmurugan
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  • 230 View
  • 1 Download
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Multivariate analysis of the cleaning efficacy of different final irrigation techniques in the canal and isthmus of mandibular posterior teeth
Yeon-Jee Yoo, WooCheol Lee, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Won-Jun Shon, Seung-Ho Baek
Restor Dent Endod 2013;38(3):154-159.   Published online August 23, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2013.38.3.154
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the cleaning efficacy of different final irrigation regimens in canal and isthmus of mandibular molars, and to evaluate the influence of related variables on cleaning efficacy of the irrigation systems.

Materials and Methods

Mesial root canals from 60 mandibular molars were prepared and divided into 4 experimental groups according to the final irrigation technique: Group C, syringe irrigation; Group U, ultrasonics activation; Group SC, VPro StreamClean irrigation; Group EV, EndoVac irrigation. Cross-sections at 1, 3 and 5 mm levels from the apex were examined to calculate remaining debris area in the canal and isthmus spaces. Statistical analysis was completed by using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test for comparison among groups, and multivariate linear analysis to identify the significant variables (regular replenishment of irrigant, vapor lock management, and ultrasonic activation of irrigant) affecting the cleaning efficacy of the experimental groups.

Results

Group SC and EV showed significantly higher canal cleanliness values than group C and U at 1 mm level (p < 0.05), and higher isthmus cleanliness values than group U at 3 mm and all levels of group C (p < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that all variables had independent positive correlation at 1 mm level of canal and at all levels of isthmus with statistical significances.

Conclusions

Both VPro StreamClean and EndoVac system showed favorable result as final irrigation regimens for cleaning debris in the complicated root canal system having curved canal and/or isthmus. The debridement of the isthmi significantly depends on the variables rather than the canals.

Citations

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    O. K. Montaser, D. M. Fayyad, N. Abdelsalam
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    Petruţa E. Căpută, Anastasios Retsas, Lydwien Kuijk, Luis E. Chávez de Paz, Christos Boutsioukis
    Journal of Endodontics.2019; 45(1): 31.     CrossRef
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    Ahmed JAMLEH, Hideaki SUDA, Carlos G. ADORNO
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    Yu Gu, Hiran Perinpanayagam, David J.W. Jin, Yeon-Jee Yoo, Jin-Sun Jeong, Sang-Min Lim, Seok-Woo Chang, Seung-Ho Baek, Qiang Zhu, Kee-Yeon Kum
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    Dongxia Li, Shan Jiang, Xingzhe Yin, Jeffrey Wen Wei Chang, Jie Ke, Chengfei Zhang
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Review Articles
Thermal irritation of teeth during dental treatment procedures
Su-Jung Kwon, Yoon-Jung Park, Sang-Ho Jun, Jin-Soo Ahn, In-Bog Lee, Byeong-Hoon Cho, Ho-Hyun Son, Deog-Gyu Seo
Restor Dent Endod 2013;38(3):105-112.   Published online August 23, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2013.38.3.105
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

While it is reasonably well known that certain dental procedures increase the temperature of the tooth's surface, of greater interest is their potential damaging effect on the pulp and tooth-supporting tissues. Previous studies have investigated the responses of the pulp, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone to thermal irritation and the temperature at which thermal damage is initiated. There are also many in vitro studies that have measured the temperature increase of the pulp and tooth-supporting tissues during restorative and endodontic procedures. This review article provides an overview of studies measuring temperature increases in tooth structures during several restorative and endodontic procedures, and proposes clinical guidelines for reducing potential thermal hazards to the pulp and supporting tissues.

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Review of root canal irrigant delivery techniques and devices
Yeon-Jee Yoo, Su-Jeong Shin, Seung-Ho Baek
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2011;36(3):180-187.   Published online May 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2011.36.3.180
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Introduction

Eliminating the residual debris and bacteria in the root canal system is one of the main purposes of the endodontic treatment. However, the complexity on the anatomy of the root canal system makes it difficult to eliminate the bacterial biofilm existing along the root canal surface and necrotic pulp tissue by mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation. Recently, more effective irrigant delivery systems for root canal irrigation have been developed. The purpose of this review was to present an overview of root canal irrigant delivery techniques and devices available in endodontics.

Review

The contents of this paper include as follows;

- syringe-needle irrigation, manual dynamic irrigation, brushes

- sonic and ultrasonic irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation, rotary brush, RinsEndo, EndoVac, Laser

Conclusion

Though technological advances during the last decade have brought to fruition new agitation devices that rely on various mechanisms, there are few evidence based study to correlate the clinical efficacy of these devices with improved outcomes except syringe irrigation with needle and ultrasonic irrigation.

The clinicians should try their best efforts to deliver antimicrobial and tissue solvent solutions in predictable volumes safely to working length.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Development and performance test of a micro bubble irrigation system for root canal cleaning of tooth
    Gilhwan Sung, Jaeyong Sung, Myeong Ho Lee
    Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization.2016; 14(1): 40.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Effects of condensation techniques and canal sizes on the microleakage of orthograde MTA apical plug in simulated canals
Deuk-Lim Nam, Jeong-Kil Park, Bock Hur, Hyeon-Cheol Kim
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2009;34(3):208-214.   Published online May 31, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.3.208
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The purpose of this study was to compare the dye leakage of MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate) apical plug produced by two orthograde placement techniques (hand condensation technique and ultrasonically assisted hand condensation technique).

To simulate straight canal, 60 transparent acrylic blocks with straight canal were fabricated. These transparent acrylic blocks were divided into 2 groups (Group C; hand condensation technique (HC) and Group U; ultrasonically assisted hand condensation technique (UAHC)) of 30 blocks with each MTA application method. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups (n = 15) with different canal size of #70 (subgroup C70 and subgroup U70) and #120 (subgroup C120 and subgroup U120). After apical plug was created, a wet paper point was placed over the MTA plug and specimen was kept in a humid condition at room temperature to allow MTA to set. After 24 hours, remaining canal space was backfilled using Obtura II. All specimens were transferred to floral form socked by 0.2% rhodamine B solution and stored in 100% humidity at room temperature. After 48 hours, resin block specimens were washed and scanned using a scanner. The maximum length of microleakage was measured from the scanned images of four surfaces of each resin block using Photoshop 6.0.

Statistical analysis was performed with Mann-Whitney U test. Group U of UAHC had significantly lower leakage than Group C of HC in #70-size canal (subgroup U70) (p < 0.05).

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Case Report
Management of separated file in the root canal
Hye-Jeong Kim, Hoon-Sang Jang, Se-Hee Park, Kyung-Mo Cho, Jin-Woo Kim
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2006;31(3):161-168.   Published online May 31, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.3.161
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

During root canal preparation procedures, the potential for instrument separation is always present. Files, a lentulo, a Gates-Glidden (GG) bur or any manufactured obstruction can be left behind in the canal. Nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files are in common usage in these days. Despite their undeniable advantages, there is a potential risk of separation within the canals. It is very rapid, unpredictable, and creates a great deal of stress for the practitioner.

When an endodontic instrument separates, the best option is to remove it. Ultrasonic instruments and microscopes have improved the success rate for removing separated instruments. But it is difficult and not always possible. Therefore prevention is the key.

In this case report, several management methods of separated file in the canal are presented.

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Original Article
An in-vitro evaluation of sealer placement methods in simulated root canal extensions
Sung-Young Kim, Mi-Jeong Lee, Jang-Won Moon, Se-Joon Lee, Mi-Kyung Yu
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2005;30(1):31-37.   Published online January 31, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2005.30.1.031
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sealer placement in simulated root canal extensions. Forty resin blocks were attained from the Endo-training Bloc. In each block, the simulated root canal was made with #20, 08taper GT file. After each block was longitudinally split into two halves, a standardized groove was prepared on one canal wall of two halves to simulate the canal extensions with various irregularities. The two halves of each block were assembled and all simulated root canals were obturated by single cone method with AH26 sealer. Four different methods of sealer placement were used: group A, #20 K-file; group B, ultrasonic file; group C, lentulo spiral; group D, EZ-Fill bi-directional spiral. All obturated blocks were stored in 100% humidity at 37℃ for 1 week. Using a low speed saw, each block was sectioned horizontally. Images of the sections were taken using a stereomicroscope at × 30 magnification and a digital camera. The amount of the sealer in the groove was evaluated using a scoring system, a higher score indicated better sealing effectiveness. The data was statistically analysed by Fisher's Exact Test.

The sealing score was the lowest, specially at the middle area of canal extensions in group A, and that was statistically significant difference from other groups. In conclusion, the ultrasonic file, lentulo spiral and EZ-Fill bi-directional spiral were effective methods of sealer placement in simulated canal extensions. The K file was the least effective method, specially at the middle area of canal extensions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Comparison of apical sealing efficacies using different plugging depth in continuous wave of obturation technique
    Sang-Jin Lee, Jeong-Kil Park, Bock Hur, Hyeon-Cheol Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2007; 32(6): 491.     CrossRef
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