Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Shaping ability and cyclic fatigue resistance between Genius ProFlex, ZenFlex, and TruNatomy rotary systems: an experimental study: Raimundo Sales de Oliveira Neto, Murilo Priori Alcalde, Pedro Cesar Gomes Titato, Pedro Henrique Souza Calefi, Carlos Alberto Spironelli Ramos, Guilherme Ferreira da Silva, Rodrigo Ricci Vivan, Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte; Restor Dent Endod 2025;50(1):e9. Published online February 13, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2025.50.e9

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of three newly introduced rotary endodontic systems: Genius ProFlex (Medidenta), TruNatomy (Dentsply Maillefer), and ZenFlex (Kerr).
Methods
Forty-five mandibular molars with root canal curvatures <5° were utilized. Micro-computed tomography scans were performed pre- and post-preparation to assess apical transportation, centralization, percentage of dentin wear, and canal volume alterations. Eight instruments of each diameter underwent cyclic fatigue testing.
Results
The percentage of dentin wear on mesial and distal walls showed no significant differences among ZenFlex, TruNatomy, and Genius ProFlex at 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm from the apical foramen and root canal orifice (p > 0.05). Centering ability varied in the mesiolingual canal (p < 0.05). No notable differences were observed in transportation (p > 0.05). Genius ProFlex demonstrated lower volumetric changes (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in cyclic fatigue, with higher values for Genius ProFlex and lower values for TruNatomy (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
The three nickel-titanium rotary instruments are safe and efficient for root canal preparation, with Genius ProFlex exhibiting superior cyclic fatigue resistance.

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Procedural errors detected by cone beam tomography in cases with indication for retreatment: in vivo cross-sectional study: Henry Paul Valverde Haro, Carmen Rosa Garcia Rupaya, Flávio R. F. Alves; Restor Dent Endod 2024;49(3):e26. Published online June 24, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e26

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the frequency and type of endodontic procedural errors in cases indicated for retreatment through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis.

Materials and Methods

The sample consisted of 96 CBCT scans, encompassing 122 permanent teeth with fully formed roots. Errors included perforation, instrument fracture, canal transportation, missed canals, and inadequate apical limit of filling. Additionally, potential risk factors were analyzed and subjected to statistical modeling.

Results

The most frequent procedural error observed was the inadequate apical limit of filling, followed by canal transportation, perforation, missed canal, and instrument fracture. Statistically significant associations were identified between various procedural errors and specific factors. These include canal transportation and root canal wall, with the buccal wall being the most commonly affected; missed canal and tooth type, particularly the palatine and second mesiobuccal canal canals; inadequate apical limit of filling and root curvature, showing a higher deviation to the mesial direction in severely curved canals; inadequate apical limit of filling and the presence of calcifications, with underfilling being the most frequent; canal transportation and periapical lesion, notably with deviation to the buccal direction; and the direction of perforation and periapical lesion, most frequently occurring to buccal direction.

Conclusions

CBCT emerges as a valuable tool in identifying procedural errors and associated factors, crucial for their prevention and management.

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ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY OF ROOT CANAL OBTURATION AND PREVALENCE OF APICAL PERIODONTITIS IN ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH
Cristina Coralia Nistor, Ioana Suciu , Elena Zabrac , Ruxandra Ioana Bartok , Bogdan Dimitriu , Andreea Baluta
Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation.2024; 16(4): 311. CrossRef

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Ingestion and surgical retrieval of an endodontic file: a case report: Devon Marta Ptak, Elinor Alon, Robert Bruce Amato, Julia Tassinari, Adrian Velasquez; Restor Dent Endod 2023;48(4):e32. Published online September 2, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e32

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Ingestions and aspirations of foreign bodies are rare, but do occasionally occur during dental treatment. Although reports exist, few include photos demonstrating the extensive surgical intervention that may be necessary to manage such events. Perhaps this lack of visualization, and associated lack of awareness, is one of the reasons some clinicians still provide non-surgical root canal therapy (NSRCT) without a rubber dam. This case report outlines the medical treatment of a 30-year-old male who initially presented to a general dentist’s office (not associated with the authors) for NSRCT of their mandibular right first molar. A rubber dam was not used for this procedure, during which the accidental ingestion of an endodontic K-file occurred. The patient was subsequently hospitalized for evaluation and treatment, consisting of numerous imaging studies, endoscopic evaluation, and surgical removal of the file from his small intestine. The ingestion of foreign bodies, and the associated complications, can be reduced through the routine use of a rubber dam, which is considered the standard of care for NSRCT. This case graphically illustrates the potential consequences associated with deviating from the standard of care and should remind clinicians that a rubber dam is necessary for all cases of NSRCT.

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Dental Dam Isolation for Crown Removal, Atraumatic Tooth Extraction, Immediate Implant Placement, and Restoration Cementation: A Case Study
G Guzman-Perez, S Rojas-Rueda, F Floriani, A Unnadkat, C-C Fu, CA Jurado
Operative Dentistry.2025; 50(1): 5. CrossRef

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Persistent pain after successful endodontic treatment in a patient with Wegener’s granulomatosis: a case report: Ricardo Machado, Jorge Aleixo Pereira, Filipe Colombo Vitali, Michele Bolan, Elena Riet Correa Rivero; Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(3):e26. Published online June 9, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e26

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) is a condition with immune-mediated pathogenesis that can present oral manifestations. This report describes the case of a patient diagnosed with WG 14 years previously, who was affected by persistent pain of non-odontogenic origin after successful endodontic treatment. A 39-year-old woman with WG was diagnosed with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis of teeth #31, #32, and #41, after evaluation through a clinical examination and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). At the first appointment, these teeth were subjected to conventional endodontic treatment. At 6- and 12-month follow-up visits, the patient complained of persistent pain associated with the endodontically treated teeth (mainly in tooth #31), despite complete remission of the periapical lesions shown by radiographic and CBCT exams proving the effectiveness of the endodontic treatments, thus indicating a probable diagnostic of persistent pain of non-odontogenic nature. After the surgical procedure was performed to curette the lesion and section 3 mm of the apical third of tooth #31, the histopathological analysis suggested that the painful condition was likely associated with the patient's systemic condition. Based on clinical, radiographic, and histopathological findings, this unusual case report suggests that WG may be related to non-odontogenic persistent pain after successful endodontic treatments.

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Effect of post space preparation drills on the incidence of root dentin defects: Thaíse Ayres Bezerra Zuli, Orlando Aguirre Guedes, Gislaine Figueiredo Zarza Arguello Gonçalves, Aurélio Rosa da Silva Júnior, Álvaro Henrique Borges, Andreza Maria Fábio Aranha; Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(4):e53. Published online October 16, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e53

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This study investigated the incidence of root dentin defects after the use of different post space preparation (PSP) drills.

Materials and Methods

Seventy-two bovine incisors were selected and obtained 14-mm-long root sections. Twelve roots served as controls with no intervention (G1). The 60 root canals remaining were instrumented using the crown-down technique with the ProTaper Next system and obturated using the lateral condensation technique. Specimens were randomly distributed into 5 groups (n = 12) according to the operative steps performed: G2, root canal instrumentation and filling (I+F); G3, I+F and PSP with Gates-Glidden drills; G4, I+F and PSP with Largo-Peeso reamers; G5, I+F and PSP with Exacto drill; and G6, I+F and PSP with WhitePost drill. Roots were sectioned at 3, 6, 9, and 12 mm from the apex, and digital images were captured. The presence of root dentin defects was recorded. Data were analyzed by the χ² test, with p < 0.05 considered to indicate statistical significance.

Results

Root dentin defects were observed in 39.6% of the root sections. No defects were observed in G1. G5 had significantly more cracks and craze lines than G1, G2, and G3 (p < 0.05), and more fractures than G1, G2, G3, and G4 (p < 0.05). When all root sections were analyzed together, significantly more defects were observed at the 12-mm level than at the 3-mm level (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

PSP drills caused defects in the root dentin. Gates-Glidden drills caused fewer root defects than Largo-Peeso reamers and Exacto drills.

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Selecting drill size for post space preparation based on final endodontic radiographs: An in vitro study
Farzaneh Farid, Julfikar Haider, Marjan Sadeghpour Shahab, Nika Rezaeikalantari
Technology and Health Care.2024; 32(4): 2575. CrossRef
Cone Beam Computed Tomography Analysis of Post Space in Bifurcated Premolars Using ParaPost and Peeso Reamer Drills
Abdulaziz Saleh Alqahtani, Omar Nasser Almonabhi, Abdulmajeed Moh. Almutairi, Reem R. Alnatsha
The Open Dentistry Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A Comparative Evaluation of Real-Time Guided Dynamic Navigation and Conventional Techniques for Post Space Preparation During Post Endodontic Management: An In Vitro Study
Sherifa Shervani, Sihivahanan Dhanasekaran, Vijay Venkatesh
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of ultrasonic vibration protocols for cast post removal on the incidence of root dentin defects
Giulliano C. Serpa, Orlando A. Guedes, Neurinelma S. S. Freitas, Julio A. Silva, Carlos Estrela, Daniel A. Decurcio
Journal of Oral Science.2023; 65(3): 190. CrossRef

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Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of ultrasonic tips versus the Terauchi file retrieval kit for the removal of separated endodontic instruments: Preeti Jain Pruthi, Ruchika Roongta Nawal, Sangeeta Talwar, Mahesh Verma; Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(2):e14. Published online February 6, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e14

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objective

The aim of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of ultrasonic tips versus the Terauchi file retrieval kit (TFRK) for the removal of broken endodontic instruments.

Materials and Methods

A total of 80 extracted human first mandibular molars with moderate root canal curvature were selected. Following access cavity preparation canal patency was established with a size 10/15 K-file in the mesiobuccal canals of all teeth. The teeth were divided into 2 groups of 40 teeth each: the P group (ProUltra tips) and the T group (TFRK). Each group was further subdivided into 2 smaller groups of 20 teeth each according to whether ProTaper F1 rotary instruments were fractured in either the coronal third (C constituting the PC and TC groups) or the middle third (M constituting the PM and TM groups). Instrument retrieval was performed using either ProUltra tips or the TFRK.

Results

The overall success rate at removing the separated instrument was 90% in group P and 95% in group T (p > 0.05) The mean time for instrument removal was higher with the ultrasonic tips than with the TFRK (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Both systems are acceptable clinical tools for instrument retrieval but the loop device in the TFRK requires slightly more dexterity than is needed for the ProUltra tips.

Citations

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Comparison of the pull-out force of different microtube-based methods in fractured endodontic instrument removal: An in-vitro study
Nasim Hashemi, Mohsen Aminsobhani, Mohammad Javad Kharazifard, Fatemeh Hamidzadeh, Pegah Sarraf
BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Broken Instrument Removal Methods with a Minireview of the Literature
Mohsen Aminsobhani, Nasim Hashemi, Fatemeh Hamidzadeh, Pegah Sarraf, Giovanni Mergoni
Case Reports in Dentistry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Comprehensive Assessment of Cyclic Fatigue Strength in Five Multiple-File Nickel–Titanium Endodontic Systems
Jorge N. R. Martins, Emmanuel J. N. L. Silva, Duarte Marques, Francisco M. Braz Fernandes, Marco A. Versiani
Materials.2024; 17(10): 2345. CrossRef
Management of an Intracanal Separated Instrument in the Lower Right First Molar: A Case Report
Pratik Rathod, Aditya Patel, Anuja Ikhar, Manoj Chandak, Joyeeta Mahapatra, Tejas Suryawanshi, Jay Patil, Priti Mahale
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Predictive factors in the retrieval of endodontic instruments: the relationship between the fragment length and location
Ricardo Portigliatti, Eugenia Pilar Consoli Lizzi, Pablo Alejandro Rodríguez
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of two instrument retrieval techniques in removing separated rotary and reciprocating nickel-titanium files in mandibular molars – An in vitro study
S. Jitesh, Smita Surendran, Velmurugan Natanasabapathy
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.2024; 27(12): 1240. CrossRef
Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Nickel-Titanium Instruments
Eunmi Kim, Jung-Hong Ha, Samuel O. Dorn, Ya Shen, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Sang Won Kwak
Journal of Endodontics.2024; 50(2): 213. CrossRef
Efficacy of instrument removal techniques in root canal treatment: a literature review
Rómulo Guillermo López Torres, Jairo Romario Moreno Ochoa, Verónica Alejandra Salame Ortiz
Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of the HBW Ultrasonic Ring for retrieval of fragmented manual or rotatory instruments
Jennifer Galván-Pacheco, Verónica Méndez-González, Ana González-Amaro, Heriberto Bujanda-Wong, Amaury Pozos-Guillén, Arturo Garrocho-Rangel
Journal of Oral Science.2023; 65(4): 278. CrossRef
Retrieving Fragments
Swayangprabha Sarangi, Manoj Ghanshyamdasji Chandak, Kajol Naresh Relan, Payal Sandeep Chaudhari, Pooja Chandak, Anuja Ikhar
Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University.2022; 17(2): 429. CrossRef
A novel approach for retrieval of separated endodontic instrument: Two case reports
Tanvi Kohli, Syed Shahid Hilal
IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics.2022; 7(3): 143. CrossRef
A novel endodontic extractor needle for separated instrument retrieval
Saaid Al Shehadat, Colin Alexander Murray, Sunaina Shetty Yadadi
Advances in Biomedical and Health Sciences.2022; 1(2): 116. CrossRef
Present status and future directions: Removal of fractured instruments
Yoshi Terauchi, Wagih Tarek Ali, Mohamed Mohsen Abielhassan
International Endodontic Journal.2022; 55(S3): 685. CrossRef
Ultrasonic Use in Endodontic Management Approach, Review Article
Bakheet Mohammed Al-Ghannam, Khalid Abdulmohsen Almuhrij, Rund Talal Basfar, Raghad Omar Alamoudi, Aseel Mohammed Alqahtani, Ahmed Atef Sait, Ahmed Loay Ghannam, Sultan Khalid Abdoun
World Journal of Environmental Biosciences.2021; 10(1): 61. CrossRef
The Time Taken for Retrieval of Separated Instrument and the Change in Root Canal Volume after Two Different Techniques Using Cbct
Balu Santhosh Kumar, Sridevi Krishnamoorthy, Sandhya Shanmugam, Angambakkam Rajasekharan PradeepKumar
Indian Journal of Dental Research.2021; 32(4): 489. CrossRef

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Oral manifestation and root canal therapy of the patient with mucopolysaccharidosis: Ji-Hye Yoon, Hyo-Il Lee, Ji-Hyun Jang, Sung-Hyeon Choi, Hoon-Sang Chang, Yun-Chan Hwang, In-Nam Hwang, Bin-Na Lee, Won-Mann Oh; Restor Dent Endod 2019;44(2):e14. Published online April 4, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2019.44.e14

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency in enzymes that participate in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparin sulfate and dermatan sulfate. Left untreated, patients show progressive mental and physical deterioration due to deposition of GAGs in organs. Death often occurs due to cardiac or respiratory failure before patients reach their early twenties. MPS has several oral and dental manifestations. An enlarged head, short neck, and open mouth associated with a large tongue are major characteristics of MPS patients. Dental complications can be severe, including unerupted dentition, dentigerous cyst-like follicles, malocclusions, condylar defects, and gingival hyperplasia. A 21-year-old female patient with MPS was described in this article, with special emphasis on oral manifestations and dental treatment.

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Pediatric Interventions in a Sanfilippo Syndrome Patient Under General Anesthesia: A Case Report
Ahmad Al Malak, Hassan Issawi, Mohammad Hassoun, Mohammad Al Halabi, Darko Macan
Case Reports in Dentistry.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Behavioural disorders and sleep problems in Sanfilippo syndrome: overlaps with some other conditions and importance indications
Karolina Wiśniewska, Jakub Wolski, Paulina Anikiej-Wiczenbach, Magdalena Żabińska, Grzegorz Węgrzyn, Karolina Pierzynowska
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Sanfilippo syndrome: consensus guidelines for clinical care
Nicole Muschol, Roberto Giugliani, Simon A. Jones, Joseph Muenzer, Nicholas J. C. Smith, Chester B. Whitley, Megan Donnell, Elise Drake, Kristina Elvidge, Lisa Melton, Cara O’Neill
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Manifestaciones bucales de pacientes con mucopolisacaridosis. Serie de casos
Andrea Verónica Ríos, Mariana Llorensi
Revista de la Asociación Odontológica Argentina.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Revitalization of necrotic mature permanent incisors with apical periodontitis: a case report: Emre Nagas, M. Ozgur Uyanik, Zafer C. Cehreli; Restor Dent Endod 2018;43(3):e31. Published online July 5, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2018.43.e31

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Despite considerable focus on the regenerative endodontic treatment of immature teeth with necrotic infected pulps and apical periodontitis, little data exist with regard to its possible implementation in necrotic permanent teeth with complete apical and radicular development. The present report describes the procedures and outcome of a regenerative endodontic treatment approach in 2 previously-traumatized incisors with closed apex with apical periodontitis. A 2-visit treatment procedure was employed. At initial visit, the root canals were copiously irrigated, followed by placement of a triple antibiotic paste containing ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and clindamycin into the root canals. After 4 weeks, the antibiotic paste was removed, and apical bleeding was initiated with size 10 hand files beyond the apices. The root canals were coronally sealed with mineral trioxide aggregate, and the access cavities were restored with bonded resin composite. At post-operative 60 months, both teeth were remained asymptomatic, with the recall radiographs showing complete resolution of apical radiolucency and reestablishment of periradicular tissues. In both teeth, the dimensions of root space remained unchanged as verified by image analysis. The revitalization protocol utilizing root canal disinfection and induced apical bleeding in necrotic, closed-apex incisors may offer a clinically acceptable alternative to conventional root canal treatment.

Citations

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Regenerative potential of concentrated growth factor compared to platelet-rich fibrin in treatment of necrotic mature teeth: a randomized clinical trial
Taghreed Salah, Wael Hussein, Heba Abdelkafy
BDJ Open.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of Pulp Revascularization in the Treatment of Apical Periodontitis in Mature Necrotic Teeth: An Umbrella Review
Wanderson Limeira de Sousa Barbosa, Luiz Renato Paranhos, Márcia Valente de Brito Dantas, Rômulo Dias Jesuino, João Marcos da Costa Ribeiro, Walbert A. Vieira, Felipe de Souza Matos
Australian Endodontic Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Revolutionizing Endodontics: Innovative Approaches for Treating Mature Teeth With Closed Apices and Apical Lesions: A Report of Two Cases
Claudia Brizuela, Gastón Meza, Maroun Khoury
Journal of Endodontics.2024; 50(5): 596. CrossRef
Current Aspects of Regenerative Endodontics: A Systematic Review
A. V. Mitronin, K. A. Archakov, D. A. Ostanina, Yu. A. Mitronin, T. V. Khizrieva
Endodontics Today.2024; 21(4): 287. CrossRef
Correlation between pulp sensibility and magnetic resonance signal intensity following regenerative endodontic procedures in mature necrotic teeth- a retrospective cohort study
Noha Mohamed El-Kateb, Amr Mohamed Abdallah, Rania Noaman ElBackly
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of periapical lesion size on healing outcome following regenerative endodontic procedures: a clinical investigation
Noha Mohamed El Kateb, Mahmoud Mostafa Fata
Oral Radiology.2022; 38(4): 480. CrossRef
Do alternative scaffolds used in regenerative endodontics promote better root development than that achieved with blood clots?
Letícia de Araújo, Taynara Santos Goulart, Ana Clara Kuerten Gil, Daniela Peressoni Vieira Schuldt, Beatriz Serrato Coelho, Daniela de Rossi Figueiredo, Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia, Josiane de Almeida
Brazilian Dental Journal.2022; 33(2): 22. CrossRef
Endodontic Regenerative Procedures in Necrotic Adult Teeth
Sara Garrido-Parada, Pablo Castelo-Baz, Nancy Feijoo-Pato, José Gaviño-Orduña, Benjamín Martín-Biedma
Applied Sciences.2022; 12(9): 4212. CrossRef
Combined conventional and regenerative treatment in molars with coexistent closed and open apices: A case series
Zafer C. Cehreli, Gizem Erbas Unverdi, Pinar Eymirli, Irem Mergen, Ezgihan Arslan, Gulce Esenturk
Australian Endodontic Journal.2022; 48(1): 197. CrossRef
Regenerative Endodontic Procedures for the Treatment of Necrotic Mature Teeth with Apical Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Antonios Glynis, Federico Foschi, Ismini Kefalou, Despina Koletsi, Giorgos N. Tzanetakis
Journal of Endodontics.2021; 47(6): 873. CrossRef
Different Approaches to the Regeneration of Dental Tissues in Regenerative Endodontics
Anna M. Krupińska, Katarzyna Skośkiewicz-Malinowska, Tomasz Staniowski
Applied Sciences.2021; 11(4): 1699. CrossRef
Quantitative Assessment of Intracanal Regenerated Tissues after Regenerative Endodontic Procedures in Mature Teeth Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Noha Mohamed El-Kateb, Rania Noaman El-Backly, Wessam Mohamed Amin, Amr Mohamed Abdalla
Journal of Endodontics.2020; 46(5): 563. CrossRef

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Light-emitting diode assessment of dentinal defects: the role of presumed extraction forces: Marcelo Santos Coelho, Steven J. Card, Peter Z. Tawil; Restor Dent Endod 2017;42(3):232-239. Published online July 24, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2017.42.3.232

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

The evaluation of iatrogenic dentinal defects in extracted teeth may be influenced by extraction forces and prolonged dry times. The purpose of this study was to compare the presence of dentinal defects in freshly extracted, periodontally compromised teeth with those in a group of teeth with uncontrolled extraction forces and storage time.

Materials and Methods

The experimental group consisted of eighteen roots obtained from teeth extracted due to periodontal reasons with class II or III mobility. They were kept in saline and sectioned within 1 hour following extraction. The control group consisted of matched root types obtained from an anonymous tooth collection, consistent with previous dentinal defect studies. The slices were obtained at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex. The imaging process exposed all specimens to no more than 60 seconds of dry time. The × 12.8 magnification was used for the 9 mm slices and × 19.2 magnification for the 3 mm and 6 mm slices under light-emitting diode (LED) transillumination. The root canal spaces and periodontal tissues were masked to minimize extraneous factors that might influence the evaluators. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.

Results

Dentinal defects were detected in 17% of the experimental group teeth, compared to 61% of control teeth (p = 0.015).

Conclusions

LED transillumination assessment of freshly extracted roots with class II or III mobility showed smaller number of dentinal defects than roots with uncontrolled storage time and extraction forces. The use of freshly extracted roots with mobility should be considered for future dental defect assessment studies.

Citations

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Dentinal microcracks on freshly extracted teeth: the impact of the extraction technique
F. N. Arashiro, G. De‐Deus, F. G. Belladonna, D. M. Cavalcante, M. S. Coelho, E. J. N. L. Silva, K. F. S. Pereira, P. G. da Silva, R. T. Lopes, E. M. Souza
International Endodontic Journal.2020; 53(4): 440. CrossRef
The relationship between the storage methods and the formation of dentinal defects (cracks)
Fábio Nakao ARASHIRO, Michelle Tavares Galotto NANTES, Pedro Gregol da SILVA, Key Fabiano Souza PEREIRA, Muryllo Eduardo Sales dos SANTOS
RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Reciproc blue, XP‐endo shaper, and WaveOne gold instruments on dentinal microcrack formation: A micro‐computed tomographic evaluation
Zeliha Uğur Aydın, Neslihan Büşra Keskin, Taha Özyürek
Microscopy Research and Technique.2019; 82(6): 856. CrossRef
Periapical Microsurgery: Do Root Canal–retreated Teeth Have More Dentinal Defects?
Peter Z. Tawil, Elisa K. Arnarsdottir, Ceib Phillips, Sigurdur R. Saemundsson
Journal of Endodontics.2018; 44(10): 1487. CrossRef
Root-originating dentinal defects: methodological aspects and clinical relevance
Peter Zahi Tawil, Elisa Kristin Arnarsdottir, Marcelo Santos Coelho
Evidence-Based Endodontics.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

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The use of auxiliary devices during irrigation to increase the cleaning ability of a chelating agent: Marina Carvalho Prado, Fernanda Leal, Renata Antoun Simão, Heloisa Gusman, Maíra do Prado; Restor Dent Endod 2017;42(2):105-110. Published online February 3, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2017.42.2.105

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This study investigated the cleaning ability of ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI) and a novel activation system with reciprocating motion (EC, EasyClean, Easy Equipamentos Odontológicos) when used with a relatively new chelating agent (QMix, Dentsply). In addition, the effect of QMix solution when used for a shorter (1 minute) and a longer application time (3 minutes) was investigated.

Materials and Methods

Fifty permanent human teeth were prepared with K3 rotary system and 6% sodium hypochlorite. Samples were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10) according to the final irrigation protocol: G1, negative control (distilled water); G2, positive control (QMix 1 minute); G3, QMix 1 minute/UAI; G4, QMix 1 minute/EC; G5, QMix 3 minutes. Subsequently the teeth were prepared and three photomicrographs were obtained in each root third of root walls, by scanning electron microscopy. Two blinded and pre-calibrated examiners evaluated the images using a four-category scoring system. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p < 0.05).

Results

There were differences among groups (p < 0.05). UAI showed better cleaning ability than EC (p < 0.05). There were improvements when QMix was used with auxiliary devices in comparison with conventional irrigation (p < 0.05). Conventional irrigation for 3 minutes presented significantly better results than its use for 1 minute (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

QMix should be used for 1 minute when it is used with UAI, since this final irrigation protocol showed the best performance and also allowed clinical optimization of this procedure.

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Comparative Evaluation of Different Methods of Activation of Chelating Solution for Smear Layer Removal in the Apical Portion of the Root Canal Using a Scanning Electron Microscopy: An In Vitro Study
Mrunal B Alhat, Sudha B Mattigatti, Rushikesh R Mahaparale, Kapil D Wahane, Apoorva Jadhav
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The Impact of Laser-Activated and Conventional Irrigation Techniques on Sealer Penetration into Dentinal Tubules
Dilara Koruk, Fatma Basmacı, Dilan Kırmızı, Umut Aksoy
Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery.2022; 40(8): 565. CrossRef
Utilização dos atuais métodos de agitação de soluções endodônticas no canal radicular
Lívia Rodrigues Schneider, Larissa Giovanella
Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento.2022; : 135. CrossRef
Smear layer removal by passive ultrasonic irrigation and 2 new mechanical methods for activation of the chelating solution
Ricardo Machado, Isadora da Silva, Daniel Comparin, Bianca Araujo Marques de Mattos, Luiz Rômulo Alberton, Ulisses Xavier da Silva Neto
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Proteomic analysis of human dental pulp in different clinical diagnosis
Poliana Amanda Oliveira Silva, Stella Maris de Freitas Lima, Mirna de Souza Freire, André Melro Murad, Octávio Luiz Franco, Taia Maria Berto Rezende
Clinical Oral Investigations.2021; 25(5): 3285. CrossRef
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Effects of canal enlargement and irrigation needle depth on the cleaning of the root canal system at 3 mm from the apex: Ho-Jin Moon, Chan-Ui Hong; Restor Dent Endod 2012;37(1):24-28. Published online March 2, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2012.37.1.24

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Objectives

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis, that the effectiveness of irrigation in removing smear layer in the apical third of root canal system is dependent on the depth of placement of the irrigation needle into the root canal and the enlargement size of the canal.

Materials and Methods

Eighty sound human lower incisors were divided into eight groups according to the enlargement size (#25, #30, #35 and #40) and the needle penetration depth (3 mm from working length, WL-3 mm and 9 mm from working length, WL-9 mm). Each canal was enlarged to working length with Profile.06 Rotary Ni-Ti files and irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl. Then, each canal received a final irrigation with 3 mL of 3% EDTA for 4 min, followed by 5 mL of 5.25% NaOCl at different level (WL-3 mm and WL-9 mm) from working length. Each specimen was prepared for the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Photographs of the 3mm area from the apical constriction of each canal with a magnification of ×250, ×500, ×1,000, ×2,500 were taken for the final evaluation.

Results

Removal of smear layer in WL-3 mm group showed a significantly different effect when the canal was enlarged to larger than #30. There was a significant difference in removing apical smear layer between the needle penetration depth of WL-3 mm and WL-9 mm.

Conclusions

Removal of smear layer from the apical portion of root canals was effectively accomplished with apical instrumentation to #35/40 06 taper file and 3 mm needle penetration from the working length.

Citations

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Numerical Evaluation of Flow Pattern for Root Canal Irrigation Including icrobubbles
Joon Hyun Kim, Chan U Lee, Inwhan Lee, Jaeyong Sung
Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers.2023; 32(5): 251. CrossRef

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