Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Research Articles

C-shaped root canals of mandibular second molars in a Korean population: a CBCT analysis: Hee-Sun Kim, Daun Jung, Ho Lee, Yoon-Sic Han, Sohee Oh, Hye-Young Sim; Restor Dent Endod 2018;43(4):e42. Published online November 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2018.43.e42

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the C-shaped root canal anatomy of mandibular second molars in a Korean population.

Materials and Methods

A total of 542 teeth were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The canal shapes were classified according to a modified version of Melton's method at the level where the pulp chamber floor became discernible.

Results

Of the 542 mandibular second molars, 215 (39.8%) had C-shaped canals, 330 (53%) had 3 canals, 17 (3.3%) had 2 canals, 12 (2.2%) had 4 canals, and 8 (1.7%) had 1 canal. The prevalence of C-shaped canals was 47.8% in females and 28.4% in males. Seventy-seven percent of the C-shaped canals showed a bilateral appearance. The prevalence of C-shaped canals showed no difference according to age or tooth position. Most teeth with a C-shaped canal system presented Melton's type II (45.6%) and type III (32.1%) configurations.

Conclusions

There was a high prevalence of C-shaped canals in the mandibular second molars of the Korean population studied. CBCT is expected to be useful for endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning of mandibular second molars.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Evaluation of mandibular and maxillary second molar root canal anatomy in a Turkish subpopulation using CBCT: comparison of Briseno-Marroquin and Vertucci classifications
Hüseyin Gürkan Güneç, İpek Öreroğlu, Kemal Çağlar, Kader Cesur Aydin
BMC Medical Imaging.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Frequency of C-Shaped Root Canals in Permanent Mandibular Second Molars in a Sample of Pakistani Population using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Syed Nabeel Ahmed, Muhammad Mansoor Majeed, Sakina Kazmi, Muhammad Omar Ansari
Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences.2024; : 109. CrossRef
ANÁLISE DAS VARIAÇÕES ANATÔMICAS DE CANAIS C-SHAPED NOS MOLARES INFERIORES: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Larissa Eulália Pereira, Thayana Karla Guerra Lira dos Santos
Revista Contemporânea.2024; 4(5): e4264. CrossRef
External Validation of the Effect of the Combined Use of Object Detection for the Classification of the C-Shaped Canal Configuration of the Mandibular Second Molar in Panoramic Radiographs: A Multicenter Study
Sujin Yang, Kee-Deog Kim, Yoshitaka Kise, Michihito Nozawa, Mizuho Mori, Natsuho Takata, Akitoshi Katsumata, Yoshiko Ariji, Wonse Park, Eiichiro Ariji
Journal of Endodontics.2024; 50(5): 627. CrossRef
A Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of C‐Shaped Canal Configuration in Maxillary Molars Among an Iranian Population
Nafiseh Nikkerdar, Mohammad Moslehi, Amin Golshah, Mario Dioguardi
International Journal of Dentistry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Root and canal morphology of mandibular second molars in an Egyptian subpopulation: a cone-beam computed tomography study
Shehabeldin Mohamed Saber, Mohammed abou El Seoud, Shaimaa Mohamed Abu el Sadat, Nawar Naguib Nawar
BMC Oral Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Comprehensive evaluation of root and root canal morphology of mandibular second molars in a Saudi subpopulation evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography
Moazzy I. Almansour, Saad M. Al‑Zubaidi, Abdulmjeed S. Enizy, Ahmed A. Madfa
BMC Oral Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessment of C-Shaped Canal Morphology in Mandibular and Maxillary Second Molars in an Iraqi Subpopulation Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Kazhan Abdalrahman, Ranjdar Talabani, Sara Kazzaz, Dlsoz Babarasul, Berndt Koslowski
Scanning.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of C-shaped root canal system in mandibular second molars in kuwaiti sub-population
AbdullahJassim Alenezi, Saad Al-Nazhan, Nassr Al-Maflehi, MazenA Aldosimani
Saudi Endodontic Journal.2022; 12(3): 283. CrossRef
Prevalence and morphology of C‐shaped and non‐C‐shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars
T Fenelon, P Parashos
Australian Dental Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars of a selected patient group using cone beam computed tomography: prevalence, configuration and radicular groove types
Sema Sönmez Kaplan, Tuna Kaplan, Güzide Pelin Sezgin
Odontology.2021; 109(4): 949. CrossRef
Prevalência estimada de canais “C- Shaped”: Uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise
Natália Pereira da Silva Falcão, Sandro Junio de Oliveira Tavares, Ludmila Silva Guimarães, Katherine Azevedo Batistela Rodrigues Thuller, Leonardo dos Santos Antunes, Estefano Borgo Sarmento, Fellipe Navarro Azevedo de Azevedo, Cinthya Cristina Gomes, Ca
Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento.2020; : 91. CrossRef
Preferred Reporting Items for Epidemiologic Cross-sectional Studies on Root and Root Canal Anatomy Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Technology: A Systematized Assessment
Jorge N.R. Martins, Anil Kishen, Duarte Marques, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, João Caramês, António Mata, Marco A. Versiani
Journal of Endodontics.2020; 46(7): 915. CrossRef
Clinical and radiological assessment of the anatomical and topographic structure of the root canals of teeth in patients of different age groups
N.B. Petrukhina, O.A. Zorina, O.A. Boriskina, I.S. Berkutova, V.A. Venediktova, R.R. Saltovets
Stomatologiya.2020; 99(5): 32. CrossRef

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CBCT study of mandibular first molars with a distolingual root in Koreans: Hee-Ho Kim, Hyoung-Hoon Jo, Jeong-Bum Min, Ho-Keel Hwang; Restor Dent Endod 2018;43(3):e33. Published online July 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2018.43.e33

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Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of a separate distolingual root and to measure the thickness of the buccal cortical bone in mandibular first molars in Koreans using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Materials and Methods

High-quality CBCT data from 432 patients were analyzed in this study. The prevalence of a separate distolingual root of the mandibular first molar was investigated. The distance from the distobuccal and distolingual root apices to the outer surface of the buccal cortical bone was measured. We also evaluated the thickness of the buccal cortical bone.

Results

The prevalence of a separate distolingual root (2 separate distal roots with 1 canal in each root; 2R2C) was 23.26%. In mandibular first molars with 2R2C, the distance from the distobuccal root apex to the outer surface of the buccal cortical bone was 5.51 mm. Furthermore, the distance from the distolingual root apex to the outer surface of the buccal cortical bone was 12.09 mm. In mandibular first molars with 2R2C morphology, the thickness of the buccal cortical bone at the distobuccal root apex of the mandibular first molar was 3.30 mm. The buccal cortical bone at the distobuccal root apex was significantly thicker in the right side (3.38 mm) than the left side (3.09 mm) (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

A separate distolingual root is not rare in mandibular first molars in the Korean population. Anatomic and morphologic knowledge of the mandibular first molar can be useful in treatment planning, including surgical endodontic treatment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Radix molaris is a hidden truth of mandibular first permanent molars: A descriptive- analytic study using cone beam computed tomography
Mohammed A. Alobaid, Saurabh Chaturvedi, Ebtihal Mobarak S. Alshahrani, Ebtsam M. Alshehri, Amal S. Shaiban, Mohamed Khaled Addas, Giuseppe Minervini
Technology and Health Care.2023; 31(5): 1957. CrossRef
Prevalence of radix entomolaris in India and its comparison with the rest of the world
Sumit MOHAN, Jyoti THAKUR
Minerva Dental and Oral Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A critical analysis of laboratory and clinical research methods to study root and canal anatomy
Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed
International Endodontic Journal.2022; 55(S2): 229. CrossRef
Three-Rooted Permanent Mandibular First Molars: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence
Nyan M. Aung, Kyaw K. Myint, Luca Testarelli
International Journal of Dentistry.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Reproducibilidad en el diagnóstico imagenológico de periodontitis apical a partir de CBCT
Sandra Milena Buitrago Rojas, Yeny Zulay Castellanos Dominguez, Jhonny Alexander Contreras Vargas, Yosdi Tomás Solano Diaz, Eder Fabián Gutierrez Argote
Acta Odontológica Colombiana.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessment of Root and Root Canal Morphology of Human Primary Molars using CBCT
Yoomin Choi, Seonmi Kim, Namki Choi
THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY.2020; 47(1): 25. CrossRef
The prevalence of radix molaris in the mandibular first molars of a Saudi subpopulation based on cone-beam computed tomography
Hassan AL-Alawi, Saad Al-Nazhan, Nassr Al-Maflehi, Mazen A. Aldosimani, Mohammed Nabil Zahid, Ghadeer N. Shihabi
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Preferred Reporting Items for Epidemiologic Cross-sectional Studies on Root and Root Canal Anatomy Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Technology: A Systematized Assessment
Jorge N.R. Martins, Anil Kishen, Duarte Marques, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, João Caramês, António Mata, Marco A. Versiani
Journal of Endodontics.2020; 46(7): 915. CrossRef
Evaluation of roots and canal systems of mandibular first molars in a vietnamese subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography
KhoaVan Pham, AnhHoang Lan Le
Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.2019; 9(4): 356. CrossRef

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Analysis of C-shaped root canal configuration in maxillary molars in a Korean population using cone-beam computed tomography: Hyoung-Hoon Jo, Jeong-Bum Min, Ho-Keel Hwang; Restor Dent Endod 2016;41(1):55-62. Published online January 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2016.41.1.55

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of root fusion and C-shaped root canals in maxillary molars, and to classify the types of C-shaped canal by analyzing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a Korean population.

Materials and Methods

Digitized CBCT images from 911 subjects were obtained in Chosun University Dental Hospital between February 2010 and July 2012 for orthodontic treatment. Among them, a total of selected 3,553 data of maxillary molars were analyzed retrospectively. Tomography sections in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes were displayed by PiViewstar and Rapidia MPR software (Infinitt Co.). The incidence and types of root fusion and C-shaped root canals were evaluated and the incidence between the first and the second molar was compared using Chi-square test.

Results

Root fusion was present in 3.2% of the first molars and 19.5% of the second molars, and fusion of mesiobuccal and palatal root was dominant. C-shaped root canals were present in 0.8% of the first molars and 2.7% of the second molars. The frequency of root fusion and C-shaped canal was significantly higher in the second molar than the first molar (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In a Korean population, maxillary molars showed total 11.3% of root fusion and 1.8% of C-shaped root canals. Furthermore, root fusion and C-shaped root canals were seen more frequently in the maxillary second molars.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of C‐Shaped Canal Configuration in Maxillary Molars Among an Iranian Population
Nafiseh Nikkerdar, Mohammad Moslehi, Amin Golshah, Mario Dioguardi
International Journal of Dentistry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Endodontic treatment of a C‐shaped mandibular second molar with narrow dentinal thickness: A case report
Mina Mehrjouei, Hamid Jafarzadeh, Pourya Esmaeelpour, Maryam Khorasanchi
Clinical Case Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of 2- and 3-dimensional anatomic parameters of C-shaped root canals with cone beam computed tomography, microcomputed tomography, and nanocomputed tomography
Miguel Angel Ventura Molina, Giovane Oliveira Silva, Amanda Pelegrin Candemil, Rafael Verardino de Camargo, Ruben Pauwels, Reinhilde Jacobs, Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto, Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology.2023; 136(6): 759. CrossRef
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Analysis of an Unusual Configuration of the Upper First Molar With a C-shaped Canal With Apically Fused Roots: A Case Report
Kapil D Wahane, Anand V Bansod, Sudha mattigatti, Rushikesh Mahaparale, Yuvraj B Rote, Mayur B Wanjari
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessment of C-Shaped Canal Morphology in Mandibular and Maxillary Second Molars in an Iraqi Subpopulation Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Kazhan Abdalrahman, Ranjdar Talabani, Sara Kazzaz, Dlsoz Babarasul, Berndt Koslowski
Scanning.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Root and canal-specific features of maxillary first molars with fused roots
Katarina Beljic-Ivanovic, Branislav Karadzic
Vojnosanitetski pregled.2022; 79(11): 1092. CrossRef
Diagnosis and treatment of maxillary molar with abnormality
Kkot-Byeol Bae, Bin-Na Lee, Hoon-Sang Chang, In-Nam Hwang, Won-Mann Oh, Yun-Chan Hwang
Oral Biology Research.2022; 46(4): 195. CrossRef
Endodontic treatment of the maxillary first molar with palatal canal variations: A case report and review of literature
Kai Chen, Xing Ran, Yan Wang
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2022; 10(32): 12036. CrossRef
Evaluation of C-shaped canals in maxillary molars in a Chinese population using CBCT
Yuyan Qian, Yamei Li, Jukun Song, Ping Zhang, Zhu Chen
BMC Medical Imaging.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Comprehensive evaluation of root and root canal morphology of mandibular second molars in a Saudi subpopulation evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography
Moazzy I. Almansour, Saad M. Al‑Zubaidi, Abdulmjeed S. Enizy, Ahmed A. Madfa
BMC Oral Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of C-shaped canal configuration in maxillary molars: A retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study
Emre KÖSE, Rüya AK
Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences.2021; 11(3): 444. CrossRef
Maxillary First Molars with Two Palatal Root Canals
Kun-Hwa Sung, Ho-Keel Hwang, Hyoung-Hoon Jo, Konstantinos Michalakis
Case Reports in Dentistry.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
Preferred Reporting Items for Epidemiologic Cross-sectional Studies on Root and Root Canal Anatomy Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Technology: A Systematized Assessment
Jorge N.R. Martins, Anil Kishen, Duarte Marques, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, João Caramês, António Mata, Marco A. Versiani
Journal of Endodontics.2020; 46(7): 915. CrossRef
Evaluation of root and root canal morphology of elderly Korean patients maxillary molars using cone-beam computed tomography
Tae-Yong Lee, Mi-Yeon Kim, Sun-Ho Kim, Jeong-Hee Kim
The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics.2020; 58(2): 95. CrossRef
Second mesiobuccal root canal in maxillary molars—A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies using cone beam computed tomography
Jorge N.R. Martins, Duarte Marques, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, João Caramês, António Mata, Marco A. Versiani
Archives of Oral Biology.2020; 113: 104589. CrossRef
Prevalência estimada de canais “C- Shaped”: Uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise
Natália Pereira da Silva Falcão, Sandro Junio de Oliveira Tavares, Ludmila Silva Guimarães, Katherine Azevedo Batistela Rodrigues Thuller, Leonardo dos Santos Antunes, Estefano Borgo Sarmento, Fellipe Navarro Azevedo de Azevedo, Cinthya Cristina Gomes, Ca
Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento.2020; : 91. CrossRef
Evaluation of the internal anatomy of paramolar tubercles using cone-beam computed tomography
G. Colakoglu, I. Kaya Buyukbayram, M. A. Elcin, M. Kazak, H. Sezer
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy.2020; 42(1): 15. CrossRef
Analysis of Prevalence of Pyramidal Molars in Adolescent
Woojin Kwon, Hyung-Jun Choi, Jaeho Lee, Je Seon Song
THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY.2020; 47(4): 389. CrossRef
Prevalence Studies on Root Canal Anatomy Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Imaging: A Systematic Review
Jorge N.R. Martins, Duarte Marques, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, João Caramês, Marco A. Versiani
Journal of Endodontics.2019; 45(4): 372. CrossRef
Fused roots of maxillary molars: characterization and prevalence in a Latin American sub-population: a cone beam computed tomography study
Maytté Marcano-Caldera, Jose Luis Mejia-Cardona, María del Pilar Blanco-Uribe, Elena Carolina Chaverra-Mesa, Didier Rodríguez-Lezama, Jose Hernán Parra-Sánchez
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
An original micro‐CT study and meta‐analysis of the internal and external anatomy of maxillary molars—implications for endodontic treatment
Iwona M. Tomaszewska, Anna Jarzębska, Bendik Skinningsrud, Przemysław A. Pękala, Sebastian Wroński, Joe Iwanaga
Clinical Anatomy.2018; 31(6): 838. CrossRef
A Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Study of Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary First and Second Permanent Molars in a Thai Population
Roserin Ratanajirasut, Anchana Panichuttra, Soontra Panmekiate
Journal of Endodontics.2018; 44(1): 56. CrossRef
Retrospective Assessment of Healing Outcome of Endodontic Treatment for Mandibular Molars with C-shaped Root Canal
Kishore Kumar Majety, Basanta Kumar Choudhury, Anika Bansal, Achla Sethi, Jaina Panjabi
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2017; 18(7): 591. CrossRef
The morphology of maxillary first and second molars analyzed by cone-beam computed tomography in a polish population
Katarzyna Olczak, Halina Pawlicka
BMC Medical Imaging.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Articles

A survey on the use of composite resin in Class II restoration in Korea: Dong-Ho Shin, Se-Eun Park, In-Seok Yang, Juhea Chang, In-Bog Lee, Byeong-Hoon Cho, Ho-Hyun Son; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2009;34(2):87-94. Published online March 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.2.087

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The purpose of this study was to assess the current materials, methods and difficulties according to the year of licence and educational background of Korean dentists in Class II direct composite resin restorations.

Total 17 questions were included in the questionnaire. Questions were broadly divided into two parts; first, operator's information, and second, the materials and methods used in Class II posterior composite restoration. The questionnaire was sent to dentists enrolled in Korean Dental Association via e-mail. Total 12,193 e-mails were distributed to dentists, 2,612 e-mails were opened, and 840 mails (32.2%) were received from respondents. The data was statically analyzed by chi-square test using SPSS(v. 12.0.1, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA).

Male dentists among respondents was 79%. 60.3% of the respondents acquired their licences recently (1998-2007), and 77% practiced in private offices. 83.4% have acquired their knowledge through school lectures, conferences and seminars.

For the Class II restorations, gold inlays were preferred by 65.7% of respondents, while direct composite resin restorations were used by 12.1% amalgam users were only 4.4% of respondents.

For the restorative technique, 74.4% of respondents didn't use rubber dam as needed. For the matrix, mylar strip (53.4%), metal matrix (33.8%) and Palodent system (6.5%) were used. 99.6% of respondents restored the Class II cavity by incremental layering.

Obtaining of the tight interproximal contact was considered as the most difficult procedure (57.2%) followed by field isolation (21%).

Among various bonding systems, 22.6% of respondents preferred SE Bond and 20.2% used Single Bond. Z-250 was used most frequently among a variety of composite resins.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A review of dental antibacterial agents and antibacterial modification of composite resins and dentin adhesives
Hojin Moon
Korean Journal of Dental Materials.2024; 51(4): 189. CrossRef
Comparison of operative techniques between female and male dentists in class 2 and class 5 resin composite restorations
Juhea Chang, Hae-Young Kim, Ho-Hyun Son
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(2): 116. CrossRef

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ANALYSIS OF PAPERS PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ACADEMY OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY DURING THE LAST TEN YEARS: Ki-Ok Kim; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2002;27(6):622-631. Published online January 14, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2002.27.6.622

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ABSTRACT

To understand the recent characteristics of the papers published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry(JKACD), All the papers in the JKACD of 1992 to 2001 were analyzed. A total of 513 papers were classified according to its type, field and subject of the study, school and the number of authors, references, and written language.

The results were as follows;

According to the type of the paper, 506(98.6%) were original articles, 3(0.6%) were review articles, and 4(0.8%) were case reports.

Anual proportion of papers in the field of operative dentistry was similar to that of endodontics.

In the field of operative dentistry, esthetic restorative materials and bonding to tooth constituted major subjects of the studies. In the field of endodotics, pulp biology was prominent and canal shaping, endodontic microbiology and canal obturation were steadily reported.

According to author's school, similar number of papers were published in the field of operative dentistry and endodontics in general. However, some schools showed preponderances.

Most studies were done by two or more authors. Studies published by two authors were most.

Fifty(9.7%) papers were done in collaboration with workers of the other field.

Average number of references cited in the papers was 41.2, including domestic references of 1.8. 40.7% of the papers was shown to cite no domestic papers at all.

Twenty-eight(5.5%) papers were written in English, with increasing ratio.

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