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• A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study root canal fillings
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  International Endodontic Journal.2022; 55(S2): 384.     CrossRef
• Calcium Silicate Cements vs. Epoxy Resin Based Cements: Narrative Review
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• Physico-Chemical Properties of Calcium-Silicate vs. Resin Based Sealers—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Laboratory-Based Studies
  Viresh Chopra, Graham Davis, Aylin Baysan
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• Micro-computed tomography in preventive and restorative dental research: A review
  Mehrsima Ghavami-Lahiji, Reza Tayefeh Davalloo, Gelareh Tajziehchi, Paria Shams
  Imaging Science in Dentistry.2021; 51(4): 341.     CrossRef
• Main and Accessory Canal Filling Quality of a Premixed Calcium Silicate Endodontic Sealer According to Different Obturation Techniques
  Su-Yeon Ko, Hae Won Choi, E-Deun Jeong, Vinicius Rosa, Yun-Chan Hwang, Mi-Kyung Yu, Kyung-San Min
  Materials.2020; 13(19): 4389.     CrossRef

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• Endodontic Procedural Errors and Associated Factors among Undergraduate Dental Students: A Cross-sectional Study
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• Clinicians’ perspectives, inducements, preferences, and clinical experiences regarding the use of electronic apex locator and apex locator integrated engine-driven instrumentation: a cross-sectional study
  Sena Kaşıkçı, Sena Kolunsağ Özbek, Ebru Şirinoğlu, Olcay Özdemir
  BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Evaluation and Comparison of Manual and Mechanical Endodontic Instrumentation Completed by Undergraduate Dental Students on Endodontic Blocks
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• The first experiences of preclinical dentistry students with rotary instruments: A pilot study
  Işıl Kaya Büyükbayram, Gizem Çolakoğlu, Sana Mahroos Al-Shammari, Katia Stoicefidis
  Saudi Endodontic Journal.2024; 14(2): 205.     CrossRef
• First Experience of an Undergraduate Dental Student with a Reciprocating System in Simulated Root Canals—A Pilot Study
  Ana Rita Arede, Inês Ferreira, Ana Cristina Braga, Irene Pina-Vaz
  Applied Sciences.2023; 13(8): 4848.     CrossRef
• Effect on undergraduate student self-confidence in using 3D printed primary molars for root canal treatment simulation training
  C. Delfosse, T. Marquillier, S. Ndoye, P.-Y. Cousson, M. Hennequin, C. Catteau
  European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry.2023; 24(1): 105.     CrossRef
• Influence of operator expertise on glide path and root canal preparation of curved root canals with rotary and reciprocating motions
  Ana Belén Dablanca‐Blanco, Ana Arias, María José Ginzo‐Villamayor, María Consuelo Pérez, Pablo Castelo‐Baz, Benjamín Martín‐Biedma
  Australian Endodontic Journal.2022; 48(1): 37.     CrossRef
• Quality of root canal treatment performed by undergraduate students using nickel‐titanium reciprocating versus hand instruments
  Seniha Miçooğulları Kurt, Gözde Kandemir Demirci, Burcu Serefoglu, Mehmet Emin Kaval, Pelin Güneri, Mehmet Kemal Çalışkan
  Journal of Dental Education.2022; 86(12): 1662.     CrossRef
• Radiographic assessment of endodontic mishaps in an undergraduate student clinic: a 2-year retrospective study
  Manal Matoug-Elwerfelli, Ahmed Abdou, Wejdan Almutairi, Malak Alhuthayli, Shaikhah Aloyaynaa, Rahaf Almohareb
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  Mary S. H. Lam, Jeffrey W. W. Chang, Gary S. P. Cheung
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  Dario Perez‐Villalba, José C. Macorra, Juan J. Perez‐Higueras, Ove A. Peters, Ana Arias
  Australian Endodontic Journal.2021; 47(3): 450.     CrossRef
• Undergraduate Students’ Acceptance of a Reciprocating One-File System for Endodontic Treatment
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  European Journal of Dentistry.2020; 14(03): 393.     CrossRef
• Fracture of endodontic instruments - Part 1: Literature review on factors that influence instrument breakage
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  Australian Endodontic Journal.2019; 45(1): 98.     CrossRef
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• Relationship between the anatomic structures and mandibular posterior teeth for endodontic surgery in a Turkish population: a cone-beam computed tomographic analysis
  Zeliha Uğur Aydın, Duygu Göller Bulut
  Clinical Oral Investigations.2019; 23(9): 3637.     CrossRef

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• A simple model for the assessment of the agonistic activity of dibenzazepine derivatives by molecular moieties
  Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz, Hossein Fakhraian, Norollah Saedi
  Medicinal Chemistry Research.2021; 30(1): 215.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-heating on some physical properties of composite resin.

Eighty extracted, noncarious human molars were used in the present study. Four different temperatures of composite resin were used: 4℃, 17℃, 48℃, and 56℃. The 4℃ and 17℃ values represented the refrigerator storage temperature and room temperature respectively. For 48℃ and 56℃, composite resin was heated to the temperatures. As physical properties of composite resin, shear bond strength, microhardness, and degree of conversion were measured. The data for each group were subjected to one-way ANOVAs followed by the Tukey's HSD test at 95% confidence level.

Both in enamel and dentin, among composite resin of 4℃, 17℃, 48℃, and 56℃, the pre-heated composite resin up to 56℃ revealed the highest shear bond strength, and pre-heated composite resin to the higher temperature revealed higher shear bond strength.

Microhardness value was also higher with composite resin of higher temperature.

Degree of conversion was also higher with composite resin of the higher temperature.

In this study, it seems that pre-heating composite resin up to the higher temperature may show higher shear bond strength, higher microhardness value, and higher degree of conversion. Therefore, when using composite resin in the clinic, preheating the composite resin could be recommended to have enhanced physical properties of it.

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• Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Lithium Disilicate Veneers Using Pre-heated Resin Composite With Two Conventional Resin Cements: An In Vitro Study
  Ghalia Akyle, Hassan Achour
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The different effects of preheating and heat treatment on the surface microhardness of nanohybrid resin composite
  Brelian Elok Septyarini, Irfan Dwiandhono, Dian N. Agus Imam
  Dental Journal.2020; 53(1): 6.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of thickness, filling methods and curing methods on the polymerization of dual cured core materials by means of microhardness test.

Two dual cured core materials, MultiCore Flow (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and Bis-Core (Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA) were used in this study. 2 mm (bulky filled), 4 mm (bulky filled), 6 mm (bulky and incrementally filled) and 8 mm (bulky and incrementally filled)-thickness specimens were prepared with light cure or self cure mode. After storage at 37℃ for 24 hours, the Knoop hardness values (KHN) of top and bottom surfaces were measured and the microhardness ratio of top and bottom surfaces was calculated. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Scheffe multiple comparison test, with α = 0.05.

The effect of thickness on the polymerization of dual cured composites showed material specific results. In 2, 4 and 6 mm groups, the KHN of two materials were not affected by thickness. However, in 8 mm group of MultiCore Flow, the KHN of the bottom surface was lower than those of other groups (p < 0.05). The effect of filling methods on the polymerization of dual cured composites was different by their thickness or materials. In 6 mm thickness, there was no significant difference between bulk and incremental filling groups. In 8 mm thickness, Bis-Core showed no significant difference between groups. However, in MultiCore Flow, the microhardness ratio of bulk filling group was lower than that of incremental filling group (p < 0.05). The effect of curing methods on the polymerization of dual cured composites showed material specific results. In Bis-Core, the KHN of dual cured group were higher than those of self cured group at both surfaces (p < 0.05). However, in MultiCore Flow, the results were not similar at both surfaces. At the top surface, dual cured group showed higher KHN than that of self cured group (p < 0.05). However, in the bottom surface, dual cured group showed lower value than that of self cured group (p < 0.05).

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• Effect of curing modes on micro-hardness of dual-cure resin cements
  Ki-Deok Lee, Se-Hee Park, Jin-Woo Kim, Kyung-Mo Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2011; 36(2): 132.     CrossRef

The purinoreceptor, P2X₃ is a ligand-gated cation channel activated by extracellular ATP. It has been reported that ATP can be released during inflammation and tissue damage, which in turn may activate P2X₃ receptors to initiate nociceptive signals. However, little is known about the contribution of P2X₃ to the dental pain during pulpal inflammation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of P2X₃ and its colocalization with TRPV1 to understand the mechanism of pain transmission through P2X₃ in the human dental pulp with double labeling immunofluorescence method.

In the human dental pulp, intense P2X₃ immunoreactivity was observed throughout the coronal and radicular pulp. Of all P2X₃-positive fibers examined, 79.4% coexpressed TRPV1.

This result suggests that P2X₃ along with TRPV1 may be involved in the transmission of pain and potentiation of noxious stimuli during pulpal inflammation.

The aims of the study were to evaluate the effect of epinephrine-containing local anesthetics on pulpal blood flow (PBF) and to investigate its effect on cavity preparation-induced PBF change. PBF was recorded using a laser Doppler flowmeter (Perimed Co., Sweden) from canines of nine cats under general anesthesia before and after injection of local anesthetics and after cavity preparation. 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine was administered by local infiltration given apical to the mandibular canine at the vestibular area and the same volume of isotonic saline was injected on the contralateral tooth as a control. A round carbide bur was operated at slow speed with isotonic saline flushing to grind spherical cavities with increasing depth through the enamel and into the dentin on both teeth. The obtained data was analyzed with paired t-test.

Cavity preparation caused significant increase of PBF (n = 9, p < 0.05). Local infiltration of lidocaine with epinephrine resulted in decreases of PBF (n = 9, p < 0.05), whereas there was no significant change of PBF with the physiologic saline as a control. Cavity preparation on tooth anesthetized with lidocaine with epinephrine caused significantly less increase of PBF than in control tooth (p < 0.05).

Therefore, the result of the present study demonstrates that local infiltration of 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine effectively reduces PBF increase caused by cavity preparation.

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• Systematic Injection Patterned-Technique of One-Per-Mil Tumescent Solution for Perforator-Based Skin Flap: Is it Better Than the Random Patterned-Technique?
  Theddeus O. H. Prasetyono, Sweety Pribadi
  International Surgery.2015; 100(9-10): 1308.     CrossRef
• Biologic response of local hemostatic agents used in endodontic microsurgery
  Youngjune Jang, Hyeon Kim, Byoung-Duck Roh, Euiseong Kim
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2014; 39(2): 79.     CrossRef
• Change in Pulpal Blood Flow of Heat-induced Neurogenic Inflammation in Feline Dental Plup
  Min-Kyoung Park
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2013; 14(12): 6340.     CrossRef
• Cardiovascular effect of epinephrine in endodontic microsurgery: a review
  Youngjune Jang, Euiseong Kim
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2013; 38(4): 187.     CrossRef

Recently, self-etching adhesive system has been introduced to simplify the clinical bonding procedures. It is less acidic compared to the phosphoric acid, thus there is doubt whether this system has enough bond strength to enamel. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of additional etching on the adhesion of resin composite to enamel.

Ninety extracted bovine permanent anterior teeth were used. The labial surfaces of the crown were ground with 600-grit abrasive paper under wet condition. The teeth were randomly divided into six groups of 15 teeth each. Clearfil SE Bond®, Adper™ Prompt L-Pop and Tyrian SPE™ were used as self-etching primers. Each self-etching primers were applied in both enamel specimens with and without additional etching. For additional etching groups, enamel surface was pretreated with 32% phosphoric acid (UNI-ETCH, Bisco, Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA). Hybrid resin composite Clearfil AP-X, (Kuraray Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) was packed into the mold and light-cured for 40 seconds. Twenty-four hours after storage, the specimens were tested in shear bond strength. The data for each group were subjected to independent t - test at p < 0.01 to make comparisons among the groups.

In Clearfil SE Bond®, shear bond strength of additional etching group was higher than no additional etching group (p < 0.01). In Adper™ Prompt L-Pop and Tyrian SPE, there were no significant difference between additional etching and non-etching groups (p > 0.01).

In conclusion, self-etching adhesive system with weak acid seems to have higher bond strength to enamel with additional etching, while self-etching adhesive system with strong acid seems not.

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• Microtensile bond strength of silorane-based composite specific adhesive system using different bonding strategies
  Laura Alves Bastos, Ana Beatriz Silva Sousa, Brahim Drubi-Filho, Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza, Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2015; 40(1): 23.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the AH-26 root canal sealer on the shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin.

One hundred and forty four (144) extracted, sound human molars were used. After embedding in a cylindrical mold, the occlusal part of the anatomical crown was cut away and trimmed in order to create a flat dentin surface. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups; the AH-26 sealer was applied to the AH-26 group, and zinc-oxide eugenol (ZOE) paste was applied to the ZOE group. The dentin surface of the control group did not receive any sealer.

A mount jig was placed against the surface of the teeth and the One-step dentin bonding agent was applied after acid etching. Charisma composite resin was packed into the mold and light cured. After polymerization, the alignment tube and mold were removed and the specimens were placed in distilled water at 37℃ for twenty four hours. The shear bond strength was measured by an Instron testing machine. The data for each group were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's studentized rank test so as to make comparisons between the groups.

The AH-26 group and the control group showed significantly higher shear bond strength than the ZOE group (p < 0.05).

There were no significant differences between the AH-26 group and the control one (p > 0.05).

Under the conditions of this study, the AH-26 root canal sealer did not seem to affect the shear bond strength of the composite resin to dentin while the ZOE sealer did. Therefore, there may be no decrease in bond strength when the composite resin core is built up immediately after a canal filling with AH-26 as a root canal sealer.

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• Is Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cement Still Impeding the Use of Resin-based Restoration? A Systematic Review
  Fawaz Pullishery, Hajer Ayed Alhejoury, Mohammed Turkistani, Yasser Refay Souror
  Dentistry and Medical Research.2021; 9(2): 59.     CrossRef
• A comparative evaluation of removal of gutta percha using two retreatment file system: An in vitro study
  Shruthi Mary Sunil, Balakrishnan Rajkumar, Vishesh Gupta, Akanksha Bhatt, Pragyan Paliwal
  IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics.2020; 5(2): 53.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of softening ability of Xylene & Endosolv-R on three different epoxy resin based sealers within 1 to 2 minutes - anin vitrostudy
  Pratima Ramakrishna Shenoi, Gautam Pyarelal Badole, Rajiv Tarachand Khode
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2014; 39(1): 17.     CrossRef
• Influence of Sodium Ascorbate on Microtensile Bond Strengths to Pulp Chamber Dentin treated with NaOCl
  Soo-Yeon Jeon, Kwang-Won Lee, Mi-Kyung Yu
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2008; 33(6): 545.     CrossRef

To evaluate the effect of vital tooth bleaching agent and alcohol pretreatment on dentin bonding, flat dentin windows were produced on the buccal side of the crowns of fifty-five extracted, human premolars. A bleaching gel, Opalescence® with 10% of carbamide peroxide (Ultradent Product, USA) was daily applied on the teeth of three experimental groups for six hours for 10 consecutive days, while teeth of a control group were not bleached. After 6 hours of bleaching gel application, the specimens were washed and stored in saline until the next day application. After application of One-step® dentin bonding agent (Bisco, USA), Z-250® resin (3M-ESPE, USA) was bonded to dentin with a mount jig. Shear bond strength was measured with an Instron machine (Type 4202, Instron Corp., USA) after 24 hours. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test at p < 0.05.

Immediate bonding group showed significantly lower bond strength than un-bleached control group (p < 0.05).

Ethanol-treated group showed significantly higher bond strength compared to immediate bonding group (p < 0.05). However, the bond strength of the ethanol treatment group was lower than that of the un-bleached control group (p < 0.05).

There were no significant difference in shear bond strength between the 2-week delayed bonding group and the ethanol-treated group (p > 0.05) and between delayed bonding group and un-bleached control group (p > 0.05).

In the condition of the present study, it seems that alcohol pretreatment after bleaching procedure can reduce the adverse effect of vital bleaching agent on dentin bonding.

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• Effect of the bleaching light on whitening efficacy
  Jong-Hyun Park, Hye-Jin Shin, Deok-Young Park, Se-Hee Park, Jin-Woo Kim, Kyung-Mo Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(2): 95.     CrossRef

To evaluate the change of working length with various instrumentation techniques in curved canals, working length and canal curvature were determined before and after canal instrumentation in buccal or mesial canals of extracted human molars. Stainless steel K-files (MANI®, Matsutani Seisakusho Co. Takanezawa, Japan), nickel-titanium K-files (Naviflex NT™, Brassler, Savannah, USA), ProFile®, and ProTaper™ (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were used to prepare the canals with crown-down technique. In two hand instrumentation groups, coronal flaring was made with Gates Glidden burs. Apical canals were instrumented until apical diameter had attained a size of 30. Positional relation between the tooth apex and the #10 K-file tip was examined by using AutoCAD 2000 (Autodesk Corp., San Rafael. CA, USA) under a stereomicroscope before and after coronal flaring, and after apical instrumentation. Degree of canal curvature was also measured with Schneider's method in radiographs. Data of working length and canal curvature changes were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's studentized range test.

Working length and canal curvature were decreased significantly in each step in all instrumentation groups. Coronal flaring using Gates Glidden burs in hand instrument groups and whole canal instrumentation using stainless steel hand K-files caused significantly more working length change than in ProFile instrumentation group (p < 0.05).

The result of this study demonstrates that all of the above kinds of instrumentation in curved canals cause reduction of working length and canal curvature at each instrumentation steps, and hand instrumentation causes more working length change than ProFile.

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• Does Root Canal Shaping Effect the Accuracy of Electronic Apex Locators in Curved and Straight Root Canals?
  Dide Tekinarslan, Damla Erkal, Esen Ercan, Simay Koc, Kürşat Er
  Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences.2024; 14(3): 727.     CrossRef
• Comparative Study of Four Endodontic File Systems to Assess Changes in Working Length during Root Canal Instrumentation and the Effect of Canal Curvature on Working Length Change
  Michelle Tien, Hermawan Tjoa, Maggie Zhou, Paul V. Abbott
  Journal of Endodontics.2020; 46(1): 110.     CrossRef
• Study of endodontic working length of Korean posterior teeth
  Jeong-Yeob Kim, Sang-Hoon Lee, Gwang-Hee Lee, Sang-Hyuk Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(6): 429.     CrossRef

To evaluate the ratio of gutta-percha area in the canal after canal obturation with Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique (CWCT) with varying depths of plugger penetration, forty root canals of extracted human teeth were prepared up to size 40 of 0.06 taper with ProFile®. Canals of three groups were filled with CWCT with System B™ (Analytic Tech., USA) and different plugger penetration depths of 3, 5, or 7 mm from the apex. Canals of one group were filled with lateral condensation technique as a control. The filled teeth were cross-sectioned at 1, 2, and 3 mm levels from the apical foramen. The ratio of gutta-percha area in the canal was analyzed using Auto®Cad 2000. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test.

At all levels, higher gutta-percha area ratio was found with deeper plugger penetration depth in CWCT, and cold lateral condensation group showed higher ratio than group of plugger penetration to apical 7 mm in CWCT.

At apical 1 mm and 2 mm levels, group of plugger penetration to apical 3 mm showed significantly higher gutta-percha area ratio than those of apical 7 mm and lateral condensation (p < 0.05).

It is concluded therefore that, under the conditions of the present study, deeper plugger penetration depth results in more favorable and efficient obturation in CWCT.