Abstract
-
The aims of the study were to evaluate the effect of epinephrine-containing local anesthetics on pulpal blood flow (PBF) and to investigate its effect on cavity preparation-induced PBF change. PBF was recorded using a laser Doppler flowmeter (Perimed Co., Sweden) from canines of nine cats under general anesthesia before and after injection of local anesthetics and after cavity preparation. 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine was administered by local infiltration given apical to the mandibular canine at the vestibular area and the same volume of isotonic saline was injected on the contralateral tooth as a control. A round carbide bur was operated at slow speed with isotonic saline flushing to grind spherical cavities with increasing depth through the enamel and into the dentin on both teeth. The obtained data was analyzed with paired t-test.
Cavity preparation caused significant increase of PBF (n = 9, p < 0.05). Local infiltration of lidocaine with epinephrine resulted in decreases of PBF (n = 9, p < 0.05), whereas there was no significant change of PBF with the physiologic saline as a control. Cavity preparation on tooth anesthetized with lidocaine with epinephrine caused significantly less increase of PBF than in control tooth (p < 0.05).
Therefore, the result of the present study demonstrates that local infiltration of 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine effectively reduces PBF increase caused by cavity preparation.
-
Keywords: Pulpal blood flow; Epinephrine; Lidocaine; Cavity preparation; Local anesthetics; Neurogenic inflammation
Figure 1.Schematic drawing of devices used to record pulpal blood flow.
Figure 2.Changes in pulpal blood flow in response to the cavity preparation.
Figure 3.Changes in pulpal blood flow PBF in response to local infiltration of 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine (mean ± SEM).
*Statistically significant in paired t-test (p < 0.05).
Figure 4.Changes in pulpal blood flow PBF in response to cavity preparation (mean ± SEM).
*Statistically significant in paired t-test (p < 0.05).
REFERENCES
- 1. Brannstrom M, Astrom A. Study of the mechanism of pain elicited from the dentin. J Dent Res 43:619-625. 1964.ArticlePubMedPDF
- 2. Cox CF. Microleakage related to restorative procedures. Proc Finn Dent Soc 88(Suppl 1):83-93. 1992.PubMed
- 3. Stanley HR. Pulpal consideration of adhesive materials. Oper Dent Suppl 5:151-64. 1992.PubMed
- 4. Kim S, Trowbridge H, Suda H. Pulpal reactions to caries and dental procedures. In: Cohen S, Burns RC (ed), editors. Pathways of the pulp. 8th ed.. Mosby; St Louis: p. p573-600. 2002.
- 5. Taylor PE, Byers MR. An immunocytochemical study of the morphological reaction of nerves containing calcitonin gene-related peptide to micro-abscess formation and healing in rat molars. Arch Oral Biol 29:535-542. 1990.Article
- 6. Sisk AL. Vasoconstrictors in local anesthesia for dentistry. Anesth Prog 39:187-193. 1993.
- 7. Ahn J, Pogrel A. the effects of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine on pulpal and gingival blood flow. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 85:197-202. 1998.ArticlePubMed
- 8. Lee JS, Kim SK. The influence of epinephrine concentration in local anesthetics on pulpal and gingival blood flows. J Kor Acad Conserv Dent 28:475-484. 2003.Article
- 9. Olgart L, Edwall L, Gazelius B. Involvement of different nerves in pulpal blood-flow reactions in response to clinical and experimental procedures in the cat. Arch Oral Biol 36:575-581. 1991.PubMed
- 10. Kim S. Neurovascular interactions in the dental pulp in health and inflammation. J Endod 16:48-53. 1990.ArticlePubMed
- 11. Olgart L, Ho¨kfelt T, Nilsson G, Pernow B. Localization of substance P-like immunoreactivity in nerves in the tooth pulp. Pain 4:153-159. 1977.ArticlePubMed
- 12. Olgart L, Edwall B, Gazelius B. Neurogenic mediators in control of pulpal blood flow. J Endod 15:409-412. 1989.PubMed
- 13. Kroeger D. Possible role of neurohumoral substances in the pulp. In: Finn SB (ed), editor. Biology of the dental pulp organ: a symposium. Birmingham: University of Alabama Press, Alabama; p. p333-346. 1968.
- 14. Pohto M, Scheinin A. Microscopic observations on living dental pulp. II. The effect of thermal irritants on the circulation of the pulp in the lower rat incisor. Acta Odont Scand 16:315-327. 1958.Article
- 15. Edwall L, Scott D Jr. Influence of changes in microcirculation on the excitability of the sensory unit in the tooth of the cat. Acta Physiol Scand 82:555-566. 1971.ArticlePubMed
- 16. Edwall L, Olgart L, Haegerstam G. Influences of vasodilator substances on pulpal blood flow in the cat. Acta Odont Scand 31:289-296. 1973.PubMed
- 17. Raab WHM. Temperature related changes in pulpal microcirculation. Proc Finn Dent Soc 88(Suppl I):469-479. 1992.PubMed
- 18. Kim S, Schuessler G, Chien S. Measurement of blood flow in the dental pulp of dogs with the Xenon-133 washout method. Arch Oral Biol 28:501-505. 1983.PubMed
- 19. Kim S, Edwall L, Trowbridge H, Chien S. Effects of local anesthetics on pulpal blood flow in dogs. J Dent Res 63:650-652. 1984.ArticlePubMedPDF
- 20. Simard-Savoie S, Lamay H, Taleb L. The effect of epinephrine on pulpal microcirculation. J Dent Res 58:2074-2079. 1979.ArticlePubMedPDF
- 21. Pertl C, Amann R, Odell E, Robinson PD, Kim S. Effects of local anesthesia on substance P and CGRP content of the human dental pulp. J Endod 23:416-418. 1997.ArticlePubMed
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by