Although numerous studies have been conducted on apexification using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), direct observation of extracted human teeth after the procedure has been rarely reported. This case report describes a mandibular premolar treated 2.5 years ago and extracted recently for orthodontic treatment. The tubercle of the right mandibular premolar of a 12-year-old boy with dens evaginatus was fractured and the pulp was exposed. The tooth was diagnosed with pulp necrosis and asymptomatic periapical abscess. During the first visit, copious irrigation was performed with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Calcium hydroxide paste was placed as an intracanal medicament. The sinus tract had disappeared at the second visit after 3 weeks. MTA was applied on to the bleeding point as a 4-mm-thick layer, followed by a 3-mm-thick gutta-percha filling and resin core build-up. After 2.5 years, the tooth and three other premolars were extracted for orthodontic treatment. The right and left mandibular premolars were scanned with micro-computed tomography to determine the root shape and canal anatomy. Irregular root growth was observed and the root outline of the right mandibular premolar differed from that of the contralateral tooth. Apexification with MTA leads to the formation of roots with irregular morphology, without any pulpal space.

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• Incorporation of amoxicillin-loaded microspheres in mineral trioxide aggregate cement: an in vitro study
  Fábio Rocha Bohns, Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune, Isadora Martini Garcia, Bruna Genari, Nélio Bairros Dornelles, Silvia Stanisçuaski Guterres, Fabrício Aulo Ogliari, Mary Anne Sampaio de Melo, Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
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We report a case of large radicular cyst progression related to endodontic origin to emphasize proper intervention and follow-up for endodontic pathosis. A 25 yr old man presented with an endodontically treated molar with radiolucency. He denied any intervention because of a lack of discomfort. Five years later, the patient returned. The previous periapical lesion had drastically enlarged and involved two adjacent teeth. Cystic lesion removal and apicoectomy were performed on the tooth. Histopathological analysis revealed that the lesion was an inflammatory radicular cyst. The patient did not report any discomfort except for moderate swelling 3 days after the surgical procedure. Although the patient had been asymptomatic, close follow-ups are critical to determine if any periapical lesions persist after root canal treatment.

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• Prognosis of Vital Teeth Involved in Large Cystic Lesions After a Surgical Intervention: A Longitudinal Ambidirectional Cohort Study
  Khalid A. Merdad, Maha Shawky, Khalid A. Aljohani, Rawia Alghamdi, Saja Alzahrani, Omar R. Alkhattab, Abdulaziz Bakhsh
  Dentistry Journal.2025; 13(2): 83.     CrossRef
• Assessing the efficacy of apicoectomy without retrograde filling in treating periapical inflammatory cysts
  Jeong-Kui Ku, Woo-Young Jeon, Seung-O Ko, Ji-Young Yoon
  Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.2024; 50(3): 140.     CrossRef
• Cystic lesion between a deciduous tooth and the succeeding permanent tooth: a retrospective analysis of 87 cases
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  Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.2022; 48(6): 342.     CrossRef
• The effectiveness of antibacterial treatment of the root canal in chronic apical periodontitis using an erbium-chromium laser
  M. A. Postnikov, A. Yu. Rozenbaum, S. E. Chigarina, D. N. Kudryashov, M. B. Khaikin, I. V. Khramova, G. N. Belanov
  Endodontics Today.2022; 20(2): 115.     CrossRef
• Factors Associated with Incomplete Endodontic Care
  Carla Y. Falcon, Anthony R. Arena, Rebecca Hublall, Craig S. Hirschberg, Paul A. Falcon
  Journal of Endodontics.2021; 47(9): 1398.     CrossRef
• Tratamento cirúrgico e conservador de cisto periapical de grande proporção: relato de caso
  Maraísa Aparecida Pinto Resende, Neuza Maria Souza Picorelli Assis, Augusto César Sette-Dias, Evandro Guimarães de Aguiar, Bruno Salles Sotto-Maior
  HU Revista.2018; 43(2): 191.     CrossRef

A fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) fixed prosthesis is an innovative alternative to a traditional metal restoration, as it is a conservative treatment method. This case report demonstrates a detailed procedure for restoring a missing anterior tooth with an FRC. A 44-year-old woman visited our department with an avulsed tooth that had fallen out on the previous day and was completely dry. This tooth was replanted, but it failed after one year. A semi-direct technique was used to fabricate a FRC fixed partial prosthesis for its replacement. The FRC framework and the pontic were fabricated using a duplicated cast model and nanofilled composite resin. Later on, interproximal contact, tooth shape, and shade were adjusted at chairside. This technique not only enables the clinician to replace a missing tooth immediately after extraction for minimizing esthetic problems, but it also decreases both tooth reduction and cost.

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• FİBERLE GÜÇLENDİRİLMİŞ ADEZİV KÖPRÜLER VE UYGULAMA YÖNTEMLERİ
  Gözde YALÇIN, Asude Dilek NALBANT
  Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi.2022; : 1.     CrossRef
• Fiber-reinforced composite resin bridges: an alternative method to treat root-fractured teeth
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• A New Technique for Direct Fabrication of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Bridge: A Long-Term Clinical Observation
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A tooth with primary endodontic disease that demonstrates a periodontal defect might be extracted because of misdiagnosis as severe periodontal disease or a vertical root fracture. The aim of this case report was to demonstrate the long-term survival of endodontically treated teeth, which had been initially considered unsavable. With meticulous evaluation including the patient's dental history, clinical and radiographic examinations, teeth with primary endodontic lesions could be differentiated and saved after proper root canal treatment. Pain history, vitality test, and radiographic examinations, as well as a general periodontal condition check with periodontal probing on an affected tooth, might be the key methods to differentiate endodontic pathosis from that of periodontal disease.

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• The importance of correct diagnosis and treatment in endo-periodontal lesions: a two cases comparison
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• Surgical management with intentional replantation on a tooth with palato-radicular groove
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This case report demonstrates an unnecessary endodontic treatment of teeth with florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) due to a misdiagnosis as periapical pathosis and emphasizes the importance of correct diagnosis to avoid unnecessary treatment. A 30-year-old woman was referred to our institution for apicoectomies of the mandibular left canine and both the lateral incisors. The periapical lesions associated with these teeth had failed to resolve after root canal treatment over a 3-year period. Radiographic examinations revealed multiple lesions on the right canine, the second premolar, and both first molars as well as the anterior region of the mandible. Based on clinical, radiographic and histological evaluations, the patient condition was diagnosed as FCOD. The patient has been monitored for 2 years. To avoid unnecessary invasive treatment, accurate diagnosis is essential before treatment is carried out in managing FCOD.

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• Radiolucent lesions that may resemble inflammatory periapical lesions: A review article
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Crown reattachment is the most conservative treatment which can be used to restore fractured tooth, presumably with sufficient strength, while maintaining original contour, incisal translucency, and reducing chair time and cost.

However, in case of crown fracture with pin-point pulp exposure, we should cautiously minimize the irritation to the pulp and consider pre-treatment pulpal status, choice of pulp capping materials, choice of bonding system and treatment sequence during crown reattachment procedures. This case reports the considerations while crown reattachment with direct pulp capping using calcium hydroxide (Dycal, Dentsply Caulk).

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• A Conservative Approach to the Management of a Dental Trauma for Immediate Natural Esthetics
  Pallav Mahesh Patni, Pradeep Jain, Mona Jain Patni
  Archives of Trauma Research.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef

Regenerative endodontics has a potential to heal a partially necrotic pulp, which can be beneficial for the continued root development and strengthening of immature teeth. For this purpose, triple antibiotic mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline was recommended as intracanal medicament in an attempt to disinfect the root canal system for revascularization of a tooth with a necrotic pulp. However, discoloration of the tooth was reported after applying this. This case shows the idea for preventing the tooth discoloration using a delivery syringe (SW-O-01, Shinwoo dental) to avoid the contact between the clinical crown and the antibiotics.

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• Non-surgical Management of a Large Periapical Lesion: A Case Study of the Successful Application of a Modified Triple Antibacterial Paste
  Srushti Awghad, Joyeeta Mahapatra, Amit Reche, Ankita Burse, Aradhana Kibe
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• Evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of two combinations of drugs on bacteria taken from infected primary teeth (in vitro)
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• Clinical Effectiveness of Different Polishing Systems and Self-Etch Adhesives in Class V Composite Resin Restorations: Two-Year Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
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• Revascularization of Necrotic Immature Permanent Teeth: An Update
  N Velmurugan
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• Treatment of non-vital immature teeth with amoxicillin-containing triple antibiotic paste resulting in apexification
  Hyon-Beom Park, Bin-Na Lee, Yun-Chan Hwang, In-Nam Hwang, Won-Mann Oh, Hoon-Sang Chang
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• Local myogenic pulp‐derived cell injection enhances craniofacial muscle regeneration in vivo
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• Immune Tolerance of Human Dental Pulp-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mediated by CD4+CD25+ FoxP3+ Regulatory T-Cells and Induced by TGF-β1 and IL-10
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• Effects of two fast-setting calcium-silicate cements on cell viability and angiogenic factor release in human pulp-derived cells
  Chooryung J. Chung, Euiseong Kim, Minju Song, Jeong-Won Park, Su-Jung Shin
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• A Simplified Method for the Aspiration of Bone Marrow from Patients Undergoing Hip and Knee Joint Replacement for Isolating Mesenchymal Stem Cells andIn VitroChondrogenesis
  Subhash C. Juneja, Sowmya Viswanathan, Milan Ganguly, Christian Veillette
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• Local Injection of Pulp Cells Enhances Wound Healing during the Initial Proliferative Phase through the Stimulation of Host Angiogenesis
  Hyungjoo Yang, Sujung Shin, Jhiweon Ahn, YoonJeong Choi, Kyung-Ho Kim, Chooryung J. Chung
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Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a useful diagnostic tool for identification of both internal and external root configurations. This case report describes the endodontic management of a lateral incisor with both dens invaginatus and external root irregularity by using CBCT. Nonsurgical endodontic retreatment was performed on the lateral incisor with dens invaginatus. A perforation through the dens invaginatus and external concavity was repaired using mineral trioxide aggregate. After 18 mon of follow-up, there were no clinical symptoms. Recall radiographs appeared normal and showed healing of the periapical pathosis. The understanding of both internal root canal configuration and external root irregularity using CBCT can ensure predictable and successful results.

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• Cone-beam computed tomography for assessment of dens invaginatus in the Polish population
  T. Katarzyna Różyło, Ingrid Różyło-Kalinowska, Magdalena Piskórz
  Oral Radiology.2018; 34(2): 136.     CrossRef
• Nonsurgical Endodontic Management of a Molar-Incisor Malformation-affected Mandibular First Molar: A Case Report
  Wonyoung Yue, Euiseong Kim
  Journal of Endodontics.2016; 42(4): 664.     CrossRef
• Three-year follow-up: Healing of a large periapical lesion related to a maxillary central incisor and two canalled lateral incisor after a single visit root canal treatment
  Abu Mostafa Ammar
  Journal of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene.2015; 7(4): 40.     CrossRef
• Dilemmas pertaining to three canals in the mesiobuccal root of a maxillary second molar: a case report
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• Management of root canal perforation by using cone-beam computed tomography
  Kyung-San Min
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• Endodontic treatment of maxillary lateral incisors with anatomical variations
  Moon-Hwan Lee, Jung-Hong Ha, Myoung-Uk Jin, Young-Kyung Kim, Sung-Kyo Kim
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2013; 38(4): 253.     CrossRef

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• Observation of surface roughness on three types of resin based on grinding time of dental automatic barrel finishing
  An-Na Jung, Hyeon-Jeong Ko, Yu-Jin Park
  Journal of Korean Acedemy of Dental Technology.2021; 43(2): 56.     CrossRef
• Observations of surface roughness of Co-Cr alloys according to grinding time of dental barrel finishing
  Hyeon-Jeong Ko, Yu-Jin Park, Sung-Min Choi
  Journal of Korean Acedemy of Dental Technology.2021; 43(3): 93.     CrossRef
• Component and surface residue observation of barrel finishing media for grinding dental resins
  An-Na Jung, Yu-Jin Park, Sung-Min Choi
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  Geum-Jun HAN, Jae-Hoon KIM, Mi-Ae LEE, So-Yeon CHAE, Yun-Hee LEE, Byeong-Hoon CHO
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• Influence of insulin on the healing of exposed dental pulp after pulp capping: An experimental study in a dog model
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  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2013; 38(3): 119.     CrossRef

The development of adhesive dentistry has allowed that the crown fragment reattachment can be another option in the treatment of crown fracture. However, additional crown lengthening procedure or extrusion of the tooth may be necessary in the treatment of crown root fracture because subgingival fracture line in close proximity to the alveolar bone leads to challenges for restorative procedure and the violation of the biologic width. This case report presents a modified crown fragment reattachment technique of crown root fracture with pulp exposure, which was done without additional crown lengthening procedures. After the endodontic treatment, the patient was treated using a post insertion and the fragment reattachment technique, which made it possible to preserve the space for the biologic width and maintain a dry surgical field for adequate adhesion through the modification of the fractured coronal fragment. Since a coronal fracture was occurred and reattached afterward, it was observed that the coronal fragment was well maintained without the additional loss of periodontal attachment through 2-year follow up.

The purpose of this study is to observe and compare the dynamic change of artificially demineralized enamel by remineralization solutions of different degrees of saturation at pH 4.3.

In this study, 30 enamel specimens were demineralized artificially by lactic acid buffered solution. Each of 10 specimens was immersed in pH 4.3 remineralization solution of three different degrees of saturation (0.22, 0.30, 0.35) for 10 days. After demineralization and remineralization, images were taken by a polarizing microscope (× 100). The density of lesion were determined from images taken after demineralization and remineralization.

During remineralization process, mineral deposition and mineral loss occurred at the same time. After remineralization, total mineral amount and width of surface lesion increased in all groups. The higher degree of saturation was, the more mineral deposition occurred in surface lesion and the amount of mineral deposition was not much in subsurface lesion. Total demineralized depth increased in all groups.

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• Effect of fluoride concentration in pH 4.3 and pH 7.0 supersaturated solutions on the crystal growth of hydroxyapatite
  Haneol Shin, Sung-Ho Park, Jeong-Won Park, Chan-Young Lee
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(1): 16.     CrossRef

The aim of this study was to evaluate the retrievability of Resilon as a root canal filling material. Twenty-seven human single-rooted extracted teeth were instrumented utilizing a crown down technique with Gates-Glidden burs and ProFile system. In group1 (n = 12) canals were obturated with gutta percha and AH-26 plus sealer using a continuous wave technique and backfilled. In group 2 (n = 15) Resilon was used as a filling material. Then teeth were sealed and kept in 37℃ and 100% humidity for 7 days. For retreatment, the samples were re-accessed and filling material was removed using Gates-Glidden burs and ProFiles. Teeth were sectioned longitudinally to compare the general cleanliness and amount of debris (× 75) using SEM. Chi-square test was used (α = 0.05) to analyze the data. The total time required for removal of filling materials was expressed as mean ± SD (min) and analyzed by the Student t-test (α = 0.05). Required time for retreatment was 3.25 ± 0.32 minutes for gutta percha/AH 26 plus sealer and 3.05 ± 0.34 minutes for Resilon. There was no statistically significant difference between the two experimental groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in the cleanliness of the root canal wall. This study showed that Resilon was effectively removed by Gates-Glidden burs and ProFiles.

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• An in vitro evaluation of effectiveness of Xylene, Thyme oil and Orange oil in dissolving three different endodontic sealers
  N Aiswarya, TN Girish, KC Ponnappa
  Journal of Conservative Dentistry.2023; 26(3): 305.     CrossRef
• A Comparative Evaluation of Two Commonly Used GP Solvents on Different Epoxy Resin-based Sealers: An In Vitro Study
  Sakshi Tyagi, Ekta Choudhary, Rajat Chauhan, Ashish Choudhary
  International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry.2020; 13(1): 35.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of softening ability of Xylene & Endosolv-R on three different epoxy resin based sealers within 1 to 2 minutes - anin vitrostudy
  Pratima Ramakrishna Shenoi, Gautam Pyarelal Badole, Rajiv Tarachand Khode
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2014; 39(1): 17.     CrossRef
• Microleakage of resilon by methacrylate-based sealer and self-adhesive resin cement
  Sun-Young Ham, Jin-Woo Kim, Hye-Jin Shin, Kyung-Mo Cho, Se-Hee Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2008; 33(3): 204.     CrossRef
• Microleakage of resilon: Effects of several self-etching primer
  Jong-Hyeon O, Se-Hee Park, Hye-Jin Shin, Kyung-Mo Cho, Jin-Woo Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2008; 33(2): 133.     CrossRef