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Research Article
Discoloration of various CAD/CAM blocks after immersion in coffee
Sasipin Lauvahutanon, Maho Shiozawa, Hidekazu Takahashi, Naohiko Iwasaki, Meiko Oki, Werner J. Finger, Mansuang Arksornnukit
Restor Dent Endod 2017;42(1):9-18.   Published online December 8, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2017.42.1.9
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study evaluated color differences (ΔEs) and translucency parameter changes (ΔTPs) of various computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) blocks after immersion in coffee.

Materials and Methods

Eight CAD/CAM blocks and four restorative composite resins were evaluated. The CIE L*a*b* values of 2.0 mm thick disk-shaped specimens were measured using the spectrophotometer on white and black backgrounds (n = 6). The ΔEs and ΔTPs of one day, one week, and one month immersion in coffee or water were calculated. The values of each material were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons (α = 0.05). The ΔEs after prophylaxis paste polishing of 1 month coffee immersion specimens, water sorption and solubility were also evaluated.

Results

After one month in coffee, ΔEs of CAD/CAM composite resin blocks and restorative composites ranged from 1.6 to 3.7 and from 2.1 to 7.9, respectively, and ΔTPs decreased. The ANOVA of ΔEs and ΔTPs revealed significant differences in two main factors, immersion periods and media, and their interaction except for ΔEs of TEL (Telio CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent). The ΔEs significantly decreased after prophylaxis polishing except GRA (Gradia Block, GC). There was no significant correlation between ΔEs and water sorption or solubility in water.

Conclusions

The ΔEs of CAD/CAM blocks after immersion in coffee varied among products and were comparable to those of restorative composite resins. The discoloration of CAD/CAM composite resin blocks could be effectively removed with prophylaxis paste polishing, while that of some restorative composites could not be removed.

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Review Articles
Translucency changes of direct esthetic restorative materials after curing, aging and treatment
Yong-Keun Lee
Restor Dent Endod 2016;41(4):239-245.   Published online July 14, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2016.41.4.239
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The purpose of this article was to review the changes in translucency of direct esthetic restorative materials after curing, aging and treatment. As a criterion for the evaluation of clinical translucency changes, visual perceptibility threshold in translucency parameter difference (ΔTP) of 2 was used. Translucency changes after curing were perceivable depending on experimental methods and products (largest ΔTP in resin composites = 15.9). Translucency changes after aging were reported as either relatively stable or showed perceivable changes by aging protocols (largest ΔTP in resin composites = -3.8). Translucency changes after curing, aging and treatment were perceivable in several products and experimental methods. Therefore, shade matching of direct esthetic materials should be performed considering these instabilities of translucency in direct esthetic materials.

Citations

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Criteria for clinical translucency evaluation of direct esthetic restorative materials
Yong-Keun Lee
Restor Dent Endod 2016;41(3):159-166.   Published online June 28, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2016.41.3.159
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The purpose of this review was to suggest practical criteria for the clinical translucency evaluation of direct esthetic restorative materials, and to review the translucency with these criteria. For the evaluation of reported translucency values, measuring instrument and method, specimen thickness, background color, and illumination should be scrutinized. Translucency parameter (TP) of 15 to 19 could be regarded as the translucency of 1 mm thick human enamel. Visual perceptibility threshold for translucency difference in contrast ratio (ΔCR) of 0.07 could be transformed into ΔTP value of 2. Translucency differences between direct and indirect resin composites were perceivable (ΔTP > 2). Universal and corresponding flowable resin composites did not show perceivable translucency differences in most products. Translucency differed significantly by the product within each shade group, and by the shade group within each product. Translucency of human enamel and perceptibility threshold for translucency difference may be used as criteria for the clinical evaluation of translucency of esthetic restorative materials.

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Research Articles
Effect of immersion into solutions at various pH on the color stability of composite resins with different shades
Ji-Deok Moon, Eun-Mi Seon, Sung-Ae Son, Kyoung-Hwa Jung, Yong-Hoon Kwon, Jeong-Kil Park
Restor Dent Endod 2015;40(4):270-276.   Published online August 28, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.4.270
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study examined the color changes of a resin composite with different shades upon exposure to water with different pH.

Materials and Methods

Nanohybrid resin composites (Filtek Z350XT, 3M ESPE) with four different shades (A2, A3, B1, and B2) were immersed in water with three different pH (pH 3, 6, and 9) for 14 day. The CIE L*a*b* color coordinates of the specimens were evaluated before and after immersion in the solutions. The color difference (ΔE*) and the translucency parameter (TP) were calculated using the color coordinates.

Results

ΔE* ranged from 0.33 to 1.58, and the values were affected significantly by the pH. The specimens immersed in a pH 6 solution showed the highest ΔE* values (0.87 - 1.58). The specimens with a B1 shade showed the lowest ΔE* change compared to the other shades. TP ranged from 7.01 to 9.46 depending on the pH and resin shade. The TP difference between before and after immersion in the pH solutions was less than 1.0.

Conclusions

The resulting change of color of the tested specimens did not appear to be clinically problematic because the color difference was < 1.6 in the acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions regardless of the resin shade, i.e., the color change was imperceptible.

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Effect of resin thickness on the microhardness and optical properties of bulk-fill resin composites
Eun-Ha Kim, Kyoung-Hwa Jung, Sung-Ae Son, Bock Hur, Yong-Hoon Kwon, Jeong-Kil Park
Restor Dent Endod 2015;40(2):128-135.   Published online January 13, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.2.128
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study evaluated the effects of the resin thickness on the microhardness and optical properties of bulk-fill resin composites.

Methods

Four bulk-fill (Venus Bulk Fill, Heraeus Kulzer; SDR, Dentsply Caulk; Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar vivadent; SonicFill, Kerr) and two regular resin composites (Charisma flow, Heraeus Kulzer; Tetric N-Ceram, Ivoclar vivadent) were used. Sixty acrylic cylindrical molds were prepared for each thickness (2, 3 and 4 mm). The molds were divided into six groups for resin composites. The microhardness was measured on the top and bottom surfaces, and the colors were measured using Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* system. Color differences according to the thickness and translucency parameters and the correlations between the microhardness and translucency parameter were analyzed. The microhardness and color differences were analyzed by ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc test, and a student t-test, respectively. The level of significance was set to α = 0.05.

Results

The microhardness decreased with increasing resin thickness. The bulk-fill resin composites showed a bottom/top hardness ratio of almost 80% or more in 4 mm thick specimens. The highest translucency parameter was observed in Venus Bulk Fill. All resin composites used in this study except for Venus Bulk Fill showed linear correlations between the microhardness and translucency parameter according to the thickness.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, the bulk-fill resin composites used in this study can be placed and cured properly in the 4 mm bulk.

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    Narges Panahandeh, Hassan Torabzadeh, Hani Naderi, Seyedeh Mahsa Sheikh-Al-Eslamian
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  • Shear bond strength of different dentin substitute restorative materials to dentin of primary teeth
    Faika ABDELMEGID, Fouad SALAMA, Nawaf ALBOGAMI, Muhannad ALBABTAIN, Abdulkareem ALQAHTANI
    Dental Materials Journal.2016; 35(5): 782.     CrossRef
  • Internal adaptation of resin composites at two configurations: Influence of polymerization shrinkage and stress
    Seung-Hoon Han, Alireza Sadr, Junji Tagami, Sung-Ho Park
    Dental Materials.2016; 32(9): 1085.     CrossRef
  • Effect of a broad-spectrum LED curing light on the Knoop microhardness of four posterior resin based composites at 2, 4 and 6-mm depths
    Maan M. ALShaafi, Thomas Haenel, Braden Sullivan, Daniel Labrie, Mohammed Q. Alqahtani, Richard B. Price
    Journal of Dentistry.2016; 45: 14.     CrossRef
  • Influence of increment thickness on light transmission, degree of conversion and micro hardness of bulk fill composites
    Sufyan Garoushi, Pekka Vallittu, Akikazu Shinya, Lippo Lassila
    Odontology.2016; 104(3): 291.     CrossRef
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  • The effect of different drinks on the color stability of different restorative materials after one month
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Basic Research
Optical characteristics of resin composite before and after polymerization
Ah-Hyang Eom, Duck-Su Kim, Soo-Hee Lee, Chang-Won Byun, Noh-Hoon Park, Kyoung-Kyu Choi
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2011;36(3):219-230.   Published online May 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2011.36.3.219
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the optical characteristics such as color and translucency changes before and after light curing, to quantify the CQ and to measure refractive indices of body and opaque shade of resin composites materials.

Materials and Methods

Resin composites used in this study were A2 body and A2 opaque shade of Esthet-X, Filtek supreme, Gradia Direct, Clearfil Majesty and Beautifil II Color and translucency changes before and after light curing were evaluated by colorimeter, the CQ was quantified by GC-MS and refractive index changes were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometer.

Results

Translucency parameter (TP) was significantly increased after curing. The CQ content of body shades are higher than that of opaque shades in all resin composites. Refractive index increased after polymerization in all materials and significant difference in Δrefractive index was found between body and opaque shade (significance level 0.05).

Conclusions

For an accurate shade match, direct shade matching of resin composite should be performed by using the cured material.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • İçeceklerin Tek Renkli Kompozit Rezinlerin Renk Stabilitesine ve Yüzey Pürüzlülüğüne Olan Etkisi
    Özlem ERÇİN, Dilan KOPUZ
    ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi.2024; 13(1): 68.     CrossRef
  • Color Change in Tooth Induced by Various Calcium Silicate-Based Pulp-Capping Materials
    Jiyoon Jeon, Namki Choi, Seonmi Kim
    THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY.2021; 48(3): 280.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Influence of the Surface roughness on translucency and surface color of the dental composite resins
Kyu-Jeong Cho, Su-Jung Park, Hyun-Gu Cho, Dong-Jun Kim, Yun-Chan Hwang, Won-Mann Oh, In-Nam Hwang
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2006;31(4):312-322.   Published online July 31, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.4.312
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of surface roughness on the surface color and translucency of the composite resins.

Two composite resins (Esthet-X, Dentsply, Milford, USA and Charisma, Kulzer, Domagen, Germany) were used to investigate the surface color. Charisma was used to investigate the translucency. 40 disc samples (diameter: 8 mm, thickness: 5 mm) were made by each product to measure the surface color. Polymerized each sample's one side was treated by Sof-Lex finishing and polishing system (Group C, M, F, SF). 40 disc samples (diameter: 6 mm, thickness: 1 mm) were prepared to measure the opacity. 1 mm samples were ground one side with #600, #1000, #1500 and #2000 sandpapers. CIE L*a*b* values of each 5 mm thickness samples, and XYZ values of 1 mm thickness samples on the white and black background were measured with spectrophotometer (Spectrolino, GretagMacbeth, Regensdorf, Switzerland).

Mean surface roughness (Ra) of all samples before and after surface treatment was measured using the Surface Roughness Tester SJ-301 (Mytutoyo, Tokyo, Japan).

Regardless of type and shade of the composite resin, L* values measured in group C were higher than others (p < 0.05), and L* value decreased as the Ra value decreased except B3 shade of Esthet-X. But there were no significant difference in a* values among groups. In control group and SF, highest b* values were measured (p < 0.05), except B1 shade of Esthet-X.

Contrast ratio decreased as the Ra value decreased (p < 0.05).

With the above results, difference of surface roughness has influence on surface color and translucency of dental composite resins.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effects of Smokeless Tobacco on Color Stability and Surface Roughness of 3D-Printed, CAD/CAM-Milled, and Conventional Denture Base Materials: An In Vitro Study
    Maryam H. Mugri, Saurabh Jain, Mohammed E. Sayed, Amjad Hussain Asiri Halawi, Safa Ahmed Ibrahim Hamzi, Raniya Abdulaziz Saad Aljohani, Zainab Mousa Ali Madkhali, Asaad Khalid, Hossam F. Jokhadar, Mai Almarzouki, Ghaida A. Alhumaidan, Ahid Amer Alshahrani
    Biomedicines.2023; 11(2): 491.     CrossRef
  • Optical characteristics of resin composite before and after polymerization
    Ah-Hyang Eom, Duck-Su Kim, Soo-Hee Lee, Chang-Won Byun, Noh-Hoon Park, Kyoung-Kyu Choi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2011; 36(3): 219.     CrossRef
  • Surface roughness and color stability of various composite resins
    Sung-Yi Lee, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Bock Hur, Jeong-Kil Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2007; 32(6): 542.     CrossRef
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The influence of the vital bleaching agents on translucency of the bovine enamel
Dong-Jun Kim, Young-Ju Kim, Hak-Geun Kim, Eun-Jong Park, Eun-Ju Seo, Yun-Chan Hwang, Won-Mann Oh, In-Nam Hwang
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2005;30(3):178-183.   Published online May 31, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2005.30.3.178
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

This study was done to evaluate whether vital bleaching agents could influence on the translucency of the bovine enamel. The anterior bovine teeth that were extracted one day before and without any gross discoloration were obtained and then were preserved in physiologic saline. 6 mm cylindrical tooth specimens were fabricated with diamond puncher perpendicularly on labial surface of bovine tooth. After embedded in transparent acrylic resin with labial surface being exposed, they were cut to a thickness of 1.2 mm with low speed diamond saw (Isomat, Buehler Co., Lake Bluff, IL, USA). They were smoothly ground to 1 mm thickness of enamel with sandpaper. 24 specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups and control group respectively. Opalescence (10% carbamide peroxide, Ultradent, South Jordan, USA), Rembrandt (10% carbamide peroxide, DenMat, USA) and Opalescence F (15% carbamide peroxide with fluoride, Ultradent, USA) were applied on labial sides of the bovine enamel for 7 days (bleaching agents were reapplied every 24 hours) and the opposite surface was contacted to cotton that soaked in distilled water. The control group was soaked in distilled water. Three stimulus value X, Y and Z were evaluated with colorimeter (Color & Color Differencemeter, Model TC-6FX, Tokyo Denshoku Co., Japan) on the labial surface of all specimen three times on white and black background plate before the bleaching agents were applied and on 3rd, 5th and 7th day after applied. The degree of translucency was normally assessed by measuring the inverse property, opacity (contrast ratio).

10% Opalescence, 15% Opalescence-F, and control group showed no significant variation in the translucency of bovine enamel, However Rembrandt decreased the translucency of it (p < 0.01).

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The evaluation of clinical efficacy and longevity of home bleaching without combined application of In-office bleaching
    Byunk-Gyu Shin, Sung-Eun Yang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(5): 387.     CrossRef
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