Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Light transmittance through resin-matrix composite onlays adhered to resin-matrix cements or flowable composites
  Rita Fidalgo-Pereira, Susana O. Catarino, Óscar Carvalho, Nélio Veiga, Orlanda Torres, Annabel Braem, Júlio C.M. Souza
  Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials.2024; 151: 106353.     CrossRef
• Effects of a relined fiberglass post with conventional and self-adhesive resin cement
  Wilton Lima dos Santos Junior, Marina Rodrigues Santi, Rodrigo Barros Esteves Lins, Luís Roberto Marcondes Martins
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Dental Resin-Based Luting Materials—Review
  Aleksandra Maletin, Milica Jeremić Knežević, Daniela Đurović Koprivica, Tanja Veljović, Tatjana Puškar, Bojana Milekić, Ivan Ristić
  Polymers.2023; 15(20): 4156.     CrossRef
• A Scoping Review on the Polymerization of Resin-Matrix Cements Used in Restorative Dentistry
  Rita Fidalgo-Pereira, Orlanda Torres, Óscar Carvalho, Filipe S. Silva, Susana O. Catarino, Mutlu Özcan, Júlio C. M. Souza
  Materials.2023; 16(4): 1560.     CrossRef

The aim of this article was to review age-dependent clinical recommendations for appropriate root canal instrumentation techniques. A comprehensive narrative review of canal morphology, the structural characteristics of dentin, and endodontic outcomes at different ages was undertaken instead of a systematic review. An electronic literature search was carried out, including the Medline (Ovid), PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The searches used controlled vocabulary and free-text terms, as follows: ‘age-related root canal treatment,’ ‘age-related instrumentation,’ ‘age-related chemo-mechanical preparation,’ ‘age-related endodontic clinical recommendations,’ ‘root canal instrumentation at different ages,’ ‘geriatric root canal treatment,’ and ‘pediatric root canal treatment.’ Due to the lack of literature with practical age-based clinical recommendations for an appropriate root canal instrumentation technique, a narrative review was conducted to suggest a clinical algorithm for choosing the most appropriate instrumentation technique during root canal treatment. Based on the evidence found through the narrative review, an age-related clinical algorithm for choosing appropriate instrumentation during root canal treatment was proposed. Age affects the morphology of the root canal system and the structural characteristics of dentin. The clinician’s awareness of root canal morphology and dentin characteristics can influence the choice of instruments for root canal treatment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Challenges Faced by Undergraduate Dental Students During Root Canal Treatment (RCT) and the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients After RCT
  Mubashir Baig Mirza, Abdullah Bajran Almuteb, Abdulaziz Tariq Alsheddi, Qamar Hashem, Mohammed Ali Abuelqomsan, Ahmed AlMokhatieb, Shahad AlBader, Abdullah AlShehri
  Medicina.2025; 61(2): 215.     CrossRef
• Assessment of Anatomical Dentin Thickness in Mandibular First Molar: An In Vivo Cone‐Beam Computed Tomographic Study
  Sahil Choudhari, Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja, Sindhu Ramesh, Jerry Jose, Mariangela Cernera, Parisa Soltani, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da Silva, Gianrico Spagnuolo, Ricardo Danil Guiraldo
  International Journal of Dentistry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Oral Health Concerns of the ‘Sunset Age’
  Pradnya V. Kakodkar, Amandeep Kaur, Shivasakthy Manivasakan, Sounyala Rayannavar, Revati Deshmukh, Smita Athavale
  Journal of Medical Evidence.2023; 4(2): 141.     CrossRef
• Root canal treatment of a six-canal first mandibular molar with extensive periapical lesion: A case report
  Xin Li, Shuyu Sun, Tengyi Zheng
  Medicine.2023; 102(30): e34336.     CrossRef
• Endodontic Dentistry: Analysis of Dentinal Stress and Strain Development during Shaping of Curved Root Canals
  Laura Iosif, Bogdan Dimitriu, Dan Florin Niţoi, Oana Amza
  Healthcare.2023; 11(22): 2918.     CrossRef
• Mechanisms of age-related changes in the morphology of the pulp system of the first lower molars
  N.B. Petrukhina, O.A. Zorina, V.A. Venediktova
  Stomatologiya.2022; 101(2): 19.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Evaluation of the variations of mandibular molars and the distance from root apex to the inferior alveolar nerve in Saudi Sub-population: Three-dimensional radiographic evaluation
  Tariq Mohammed Aqili, Esam Sami Almuzaini, Abdulbari Saleh Aljohani, Ahmed Khaled Al Saeedi, Hassan Abdulmuti Hammudah, Muath Alassaf, Muhannad M. Hakeem, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
  PLOS ONE.2025; 20(2): e0317053.     CrossRef
• Assessment of the root and canal morphology in the permanent dentition of Saudi Arabian population using cone beam computed and micro-computed tomography – a systematic review
  Mohammed Mustafa, Rumesa Batul, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Hadi Mohammed Alamri, Abdulaziz Abdulwahed, Ahmed A. Almokhatieb, Qamar Hashem, Abdullah Alsakaker, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed
  BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Prevalence of radix accesoria dentis in a northern Peruvian population evaluated by cone-beam tomography
  Karla Renata León-Almanza, Anthony Adrián Jaramillo-Nuñez, Catherin Angélica Ruiz-Cisneros, Paul Martín Herrera-Plasencia
  Heliyon.2024; 10(16): e35919.     CrossRef
• Radix molaris is a hidden truth of mandibular first permanent molars: A descriptive- analytic study using cone beam computed tomography
  Mohammed A. Alobaid, Saurabh Chaturvedi, Ebtihal Mobarak S. Alshahrani, Ebtsam M. Alshehri, Amal S. Shaiban, Mohamed Khaled Addas, Giuseppe Minervini
  Technology and Health Care.2023; 31(5): 1957.     CrossRef
• Prevalence of Radix Entomolaris in Mandibular Permanent Molars Analyzed by Cone-Beam CT in the Saudi Population of Ha'il Province
  Moazzy I Almansour, Ahmed A Madfa, Adhwaa F Algharbi, Reem Almuslumani, Noeer K Alshammari, Ghufran M Al Hussain
  Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Prevalence of radix entomolaris in India and its comparison with the rest of the world
  Sumit MOHAN, Jyoti THAKUR
  Minerva Dental and Oral Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Radix Paramolaris an Endodontic Challenge: A Case Report
  Ashwini B Prasad, Deepak Raisingani, Ridhima Gupta, Rimjhim Jain
  Journal of Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology.2022; 7(1): 32.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of Radix Entomolaris and Middle Mesial Canal in Mandibular Permanent First Molars in an Iraqi Subpopulation Using Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography
  Ranjdar Mahmood Talabani, Kazhan Omer Abdalrahman, Rawa Jamal Abdul, Dlsoz Omer Babarasul, Sara Hilmi Kazzaz, Heng Bo Jiang
  BioMed Research International.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Evaluation of Root Canal Configuration of Maxillary and Mandibular First Molar by CBCT: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
  Rakan Rafdan Alhujhuj, Rizwan Jouhar, Muhammad Adeel Ahmed, Abdullatif Abdulrahman Almujhim, Mohammed Tariq Albutayh, Necdet Adanir
  Diagnostics.2022; 12(9): 2121.     CrossRef
• Ethnical Anatomical Differences in Mandibular First Permanent Molars between Indian and Saudi Arabian Subpopulations: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
  Abdulwahab Alamir, Mohammed Mashyakhy, Apathsakayan Renugalakshmi, Thilla S Vinothkumar, Anandhi S Arthisri, Ahmed Juraybi
  The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2021; 22(5): 484.     CrossRef

Variation in root canal morphology, especially in maxillary first molar presents a constant challenge for a clinician in their detection and management. This case report describes the successful root canal treatment of a three rooted right maxillary first molar presenting with three canals each in the mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots and one canal in the palatal root. The clinical detection of this morphologic aberration was made using a dental operating microscope, and the canal configuration was established after correlating and computing the clinical, radiographic and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan findings. CBCT images confirmed the configuration of the canals in the mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots to be Al-Qudah and Awawdeh type (3-2) and type (3-2-1), respectively, whereas the palatal root had a Vertucci type I canal pattern. This report reaffirms the importance of careful examination of the floor of the pulp chamber with a dental operating microscope and the use of multiangled preoperative radiographs along with advanced diagnostic aids such as CBCT in identification and successful management of aberrant canal morphologies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Endodontic Management of Maxillary First Molar with Seven Root Canals Diagnosed Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography: A Case Report
  Ravindranath Megha, Venkatachalam Prakash
  World Journal of Dentistry.2021; 12(1): 89.     CrossRef
• The MB3 canal in maxillary molars: a micro-CT study
  Ronald Ordinola-Zapata, Jorge N. R. Martins, Hugo Plascencia, Marco A. Versiani, Clovis M. Bramante
  Clinical Oral Investigations.2020; 24(11): 4109.     CrossRef
• Maxillary first molar with 7 root canals diagnosed using cone-beam computed tomography
  Evaldo Rodrigues, Antônio Henrique Braitt, Bruno Ferraz Galvão, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da Silva
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2017; 42(1): 60.     CrossRef
• Endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with seven root canal systems evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography scanning
  VijayReddy Venumuddala, Sridhar Moturi, SV Satish, BKalyan Chakravarthy, Sudhakar Malapati
  Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.2017; 7(5): 297.     CrossRef

The C-shaped canal system is an anatomical variation mostly seen in mandibular second molars, although it can also occur in maxillary and other mandibular molars. The main anatomical feature of C-shaped canals is the presence of fins or web connecting the individual root canals. The complexity of C-shaped canals prevents these canals from being cleaned, shaped, and obturated effectively during root canal therapy, and sometimes it leads to an iatrogenic perforation from the extravagant preparation.

The purpose of this study was to provide further knowledge of the anatomical configuration and the minimal thickness of dentinal wall according to the level of the root.

Thirty extracted mandibular second molars with fused roots and longitudinal grooves on lingual or buccal surface of the root were collected from a native Korean population. The photo images and radiographs from buccal, lingual, apical direction were taken. After access cavity was prepared, teeth were placed in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution for 2 hours to dissolve the organic tissue of the root surface and from the root canal system. After bench dried and all the teeth were embedded in a self-curing resin. Each block was sectioned using a microtome (Accutom-50, Struers, Denmark) at interval of 1 mm. The sectioned surface photograph was taken using a digital camera (Coolpix 995, Nikon, Japan) connected to the microscope. 197 images were evaluated for canal configurations and the minimal thickness of dentinal wall between canal and external wall using' Root Thickness Gauge Program' designed with Visual Basic.

The results were as follows:

1. At the orifice level of all teeth, the most frequent observed configuration was Melton's Type C I (73%), however the patterns were changed to type C II and C III when the sections were observed at the apical third. On the other hand, the type C III was observed at the orifice level of only 2 teeth but this type could be seen at apical region of the rest of the teeth.

2. The C-shaped canal showed continuous and semi-colon shape at the orifice level, but at the apical portion of the canal there was high possibility of having 2 or 3 canals.

3. Lingual wall was thinner than buccal wall at coronal, middle, apical thirds of root but there was no statistical differences.

Complete understanding of the exterior and interior structure of the tooth would be prerequisite to the successful clinical results, especially in the restorative and endodontic treatment.

Although three-dimensional reconstruction method using x-ray microtomography could not be used in clinical cases, it may be the best way to reconstruct the morphologic characteristics of the tooth structure in detail without destructing the tooth itself. This study was done to three dimensionally reconstruct every teeth in the arch in order to increase the understanding about the endodontic treatment and to promote the effective restorative treatment by upgrading the knowledge of the tooth morphology.

After placing tooth between the microfocus x-ray tube and the image intensifier to obtain two-dimensional images of each level, scanning was done under the condition of 80 keV, 100 µA, 16.8 magnification with the spot size of 8 µm. Cross-section pixel size of 16.28 µm and 48.83 cross-section to cross-section distance were also used.

From the results of this study, precise three dimensional reconstructed images of every teeth could be obtained. Furthermore, it was possible to see image that showed interested area only, for example, enamel portion only, pulp and dentin area without enamel structure, pulp only, combination image of enamel and pulp, etc.

It was also possible to see transparent image without some part of tooth structure. This image might be used as a guide when restoring and preparing the full and partial crown by showing the positional and morphological relationship between the pulp and the outer tooth structure.

Another profit may be related with the fact that it would promote the understanding of the interior structure by making observation of the auto-rotating image of .AVI file from the various direction possible.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Fracture Flow of Radionuclides in Unsaturated Conditions at LILW Disposal Facility
  Won-Seok Kim, Jungjin Kim, Jinmo Ahn, Seongsik Nam, Wooyong Um
  Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers.2015; 37(8): 465.     CrossRef