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6 "Irrigants"
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Research Articles
Effect of irrigation protocols on smear layer removal, bond strength and nanoleakage of fiber posts using a self-adhesive resin cement
Rodrigo Stadler Alessi, Renata Terumi Jitumori, Bruna Fortes Bittencourt, Giovana Mongruel Gomes, João Carlos Gomes
Restor Dent Endod 2023;48(3):e28.   Published online July 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e28
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the application method of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and its influence on the adhesion of fiberglass posts cemented with a self-adhesive resin cement.

Materials and Methods

Sixty human mandibular premolars were endodontically treated and divided into 5 groups (n = 12), according to the canal irrigant and its application method: 2 groups with conventional syringe irrigation (CSI)—2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (control) and 2% CHX— and 3 groups with 2% CHX irrigation/activation—by passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Easy Clean file, and XP-Endo Finisher file. Two roots per group were evaluated for smear layer (SL) removal by scanning electron microscopy. For other roots, fiber posts were luted using a self-adhesive resin cement. The roots were sectioned into 6 slices for push-out bond strength (BS) (7/group) and nanoleakage (NL) (3/group). Data from SL removal were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls tests (α = 0.05). Data from BS and NL were evaluated by 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05).

Results

For SL removal and BS, the CHX irrigation/activation promoted better values than CSI with CHX (p < 0.05), but it was not significantly different from CSI with NaOCl (p > 0.05). For NL, the lowest values were obtained by the chlorhexidine irrigation/activation groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Active 2% CHX irrigation can be used to improve the post space cleaning and adhesion before fiber post cementation with self-adhesive resin cements.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Laser‐Activated Irrigation via Photon‐Induced Photoacoustic Streaming and Shock Wave Enhanced Emission on Smear Layer Removal Efficacy, Pushout Bond Strength, and Sealer Adaptation: A SEM Assessment
    Basil Almutairi, Fahad Alkhudhairy
    Microscopy Research and Technique.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Microleakage Using Different Luting Cements in Kedo Zirconia Crowns: An In Vitro Assessment
    Guru Vishnu, Ganesh Jeevanandan
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 404 View
  • 24 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
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A new phantom to evaluate the tissue dissolution ability of endodontic irrigants and activating devices
Kimia Khoshroo, Brinda Shah, Alexander Johnson, John Baeten, Katherine Barry, Mohammadreza Tahriri, Mohamed S. Ibrahim, Lobat Tayebi
Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(4):e45.   Published online August 24, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e45
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objective

The aim of this study was to introduce a gelatin/bovine serum albumin (BSA) tissue standard, which provides dissolution properties identical to those of biological tissues. Further, the study evaluated whether the utilization of endodontic activating devices led to enhanced phantom dissolution rates.

Materials and Methods

Bovine pulp tissue was obtained to determine a benchmark of tissue dissolution. The surface area and mass of samples were held constant while the ratio of gelatin and BSA were varied, ranging from 7.5% to 10% gelatin and 5% BSA. Each sample was placed in an individual test tube that was filled with an appropriate sodium hypochlorite solution for 1, 3, and 5 minutes, and then removed from the solution, blotted dry, and weighed again. The remaining tissue was calculated as the percent of initial tissue to determine the tissue dissolution rate. A radiopaque agent (sodium diatrizoate) and a fluorescent dye (methylene blue) were added to the phantom to allow easy quantification of phantom dissolution in a canal block model when activated using ultrasonic (EndoUltra) or sonic (EndoActivator) energy.

Results

The 9% gelatin + 5% BSA phantom showed statistically equivalent dissolution to bovine pulp tissue at all time intervals. Furthermore, the EndoUltra yielded significantly more phantom dissolution in the canal block than the EndoActivator or syringe irrigation.

Conclusions

Our phantom is comparable to biological tissue in terms of tissue dissolution and could be utilized for in vitro tests due to its injectability and detectability.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Evaluation of pulp tissue dissolving efficiency of sodium and calcium hypochlorite solutions activated by ultrasonics and laser: an in vitro study
    Oznur Ozturk, Ozgur Genc Sen
    BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 236 View
  • 4 Download
  • 1 Crossref
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Invited Review Article
The effect of root canal irrigants on dentin: a focused review
Priti Pragati Rath, Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu, Jukka Pekka Matinlinna, Anil Kishen, Prasanna Neelakantan
Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(3):e39.   Published online June 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e39
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Despite the vast literature on the effects of root canal irrigants on the dentin characteristics, the precise effects of clinically relevant irrigation sequences remain unclear. In this review, we systematically dissect the role of different sequential irrigation approaches that are used in clinical endodontics. Using a systematic search strategy, we attempt to answer the question: ‘Which irrigating sequence has the most deleterious effects on dentin structure and properties?’ The effect of irrigants on the dentin composition and mechanical properties have been reviewed. A wide variety of concentrations, duration and techniques have been employed to characterize the effects of chemicals on dentin properties, thus making it impossible to draw guidelines or recommendations of irrigant sequences to be followed clinically. It was apparent that all the studied irrigation sequences potentially result in some deleterious effects on dentin such as decrease in the flexural strength, microhardness, modulus of elasticity and inorganic content and organic-inorganic ratio of the dentin. However, the literature still lacks comprehensive investigations to compare the deleterious effect of different irrigation sequences, using a wide variety of qualitative and quantitative methods. Such investigations are essential to make clinical recommendations and strategize efforts to minimize chemically-induced damage to dentin characteristics.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Comparative Evaluation of Pulp Dissolution and Smear Layer Removal Properties of Various Herbal Extracts: An in vitro Study
    Suleman Abbas Khan, Harshal Gaidhane, Saumya Navit, Meenakshi Upadhyay, Sujeet Shriram Pal, Nishi Grover
    Advances in Human Biology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Exploring a new Portland cement-free calcium silicate cement —Part 1: Synthesis of dicalcium and tricalcium silicate
    Tomomi ITOH, Kohei SHINTANI, Takashi HORIGUCHI, Norihiro SASAMOTO, Katsushi OKUYAMA, Yukimichi TAMAKI, Takeshi SUWABE, Satoshi YOKOSE, Satoshi KAWANO
    Dental Materials Journal.2025; 44(2): 140.     CrossRef
  • Effect of phthalocyanine, methylene blue and toluidine blue photosensitizers on the adhesive interface of fiber posts: a confocal laser microscopy study
    Tuba Gök, Gamze Er Karaoglu, Hulde Korucu
    Lasers in Medical Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Dual- or single rinse? The tubular sealer penetration of endodontic chelating agents
    Beliz Ozel, Tuba Ayhan, Figen Kaptan, Fikrettin Sahin, Meriç Karapınar-Kazandağ, Ajinkya M. Pawar
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(6): e0303377.     CrossRef
  • Mechanical properties of simulated dentin caries treated with metal cations and l-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate
    Mohammad Ali Saghiri, Julia Vakhnovetsky, Amir Abdolmaleki, Elham Samadi, Fatereh Samadi, Salvatore Napoli, Michael Conte, Steven M. Morgano
    Odontology.2024; 112(2): 489.     CrossRef
  • The advancement in irrigation solution within the field of endodontics, A Review
    Fatima Fahad , Raghad A Al-Hashimi , Munther J Hussain
    Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry.2024; 36(1): 54.     CrossRef
  • Comparative evaluation of effect of modified triple antibiotic paste and calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicament on microhardness of root dentin: An in vitro study
    Aparna Palekar, Piyush Mantri, Minal Awinashe, Basawaraj Biradar, Mukund Singh
    Endodontology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of herbal irrigants on surface roughness of intraradicular dentin using quantitative method of 3D surface texture analysis
    Sabah M. Sobhy, Heba Abdelfatah, Hanaa M. Elgamily, Nesreen Y. Mohammed
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of different root canal irrigants on surface roughness and microhardness of Biodentine combined with triple antibiotic paste: An in vitro study
    Rahul Halkai, S. Syed Ishaq, Kiran R. Halkai, Syeda Uzma Mahveen
    Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.2024; 27(5): 508.     CrossRef
  • Bacteria debridement efficacy of two sonic root canal irrigant activation systems
    Chang Zeng, Pei Hu, Colin P. Egan, Brian E. Bergeron, Franklin Tay, Jingzhi Ma
    Journal of Dentistry.2024; 140: 104770.     CrossRef
  • Effects of endodontic irrigation solutions on structural, chemical, and mechanical properties of coronal dentin: A scoping review
    Joana A. Marques, Rui I. Falacho, João Miguel Santos, João Carlos Ramos, Paulo J. Palma
    Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2024; 36(4): 606.     CrossRef
  • Effect of ultrasonic and Er,Cr:YSGG laser-activated irrigation protocol on dual-species root canal biofilm removal: An in vitro study
    Venkata Divya Durga Datla, Lakshman Varma Uppalapati, Hema Prakash Kumari Pilli, Jyothi Mandava, Sirisha Kantheti, Sri Naagaja Krishnaveni Komireddy, Vedamani Chandolu
    Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.2024; 27(6): 613.     CrossRef
  • Comparative Evaluation of Dental Pulp Tissue Dissolution Ability of Sapindus mukorossi and Sodium Hypochlorite
    Sriram Kaliamoorthy, Sreeram Rayar, Shanmugapriya SundarRaj, Sugantha Priya Sayeeram, V.V. Premkumar, Sapna C Muddappa, Venkatraman Muthukumaran, Kanmani Raju, Agila Samidorai
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Properties of 50% Grape Seed Extract, N-acetyl Cysteine and 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433) – An In vitro Study
    Nikita Vishweshwar Kurtkoti, Madhura Vivek Pawar, Vaishnavi Ketan Mathawala, Shraddha Mahadeo Shirsat
    Advances in Human Biology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of Different Irrigating Solutions on Root Canal Dentin Microhardness—A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
    Sunidhi Agarwal, Lora Mishra, Naomi Ranjan Singh, Rini Behera, Manoj Kumar, Ravishankar Nagaraja, Krzysztof Sokolowski, Barbara Lapinska
    Journal of Functional Biomaterials.2024; 15(5): 132.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Effect of Herbal Irrigant on Microhardness of Root Dentin: An in vitro Study
    Anuya Ravindra Koparde, Anupam Sandeep Sharma, Aniket Jadhav, Aishwarya Handa, Abhijit Bajirao Jadhav, Madhura A. Jadhav
    Journal of the International Clinical Dental Research Organization.2024; 16(2): 170.     CrossRef
  • Impact of calcium hydroxide and 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid on the microhardness of root dentine: an in vitro study
    Nandini T. Niranjan, Protim Ghosh Dastidar, Raghavendra Penukonda, Galvin Sim Siang Lin, Roopa Babannavar, Arun Jaysheel, Harshada Pattar
    Odontology.2024; 112(3): 711.     CrossRef
  • Endodontic irrigants from a comprehensive perspective
    Rayana Duarte Khoury, Lara Steffany de Carvalho, Mauro Felipe Rios do Nascimento, Fadi Alhussain, Amjad Abu Hasna
    World Journal of Clinical Cases.2024; 12(21): 4460.     CrossRef
  • Exploring Periostracum as an Alternative Root Canal Irrigant: Insights From Zebrafish Embryo Experiments
    Annie Sylvea Valan, Jogikalmat Krithikadatta, Ajay Guru
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Systematic Review of the Comparative Efficacy of Lactobacillus Probiotics and Sodium Hypochlorite as Intracanal Irrigants Against Enterococcus faecalis
    Mrinalini Mrinalini, Alpa Gupta, Dax Abraham, Arun Kumar Duraisamy, Rajat Sharma
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid activated by laser and ultrasonic energy on surface morphology and chemical composition of intracanal dentin
    Adriana Katunarić, Sandra Flinčec Grgac, Dragana Gabrić, Božidar Pavelić, Ivona Bago
    Microscopy Research and Technique.2024; 87(4): 818.     CrossRef
  • Impact of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on the bond-strength and penetration of endodontic sealers: A systematic review
    Khalid H Almadi
    Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy.2023; 41: 103249.     CrossRef
  • In Vitro Assessment of SWEEPS and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Alone or in Combination for Eradicating Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm in Root Canals
    Ali Shahi Ardakani, Shima Afrasiabi, Pegah Sarraf, Stefano Benedicenti, Luca Solimei, Nasim Chiniforush
    Pharmaceutics.2023; 15(11): 2628.     CrossRef
  • Effects of traditional and novel proteolytic agents on tissue dissolution and dentine microhardness
    Shwetha Elizabeth Jacob, Niharika Prasad, Sreya Dutta, Vasavi Kumblekar, Srikant Natarajan, Kukkila Jayaprakash, Manuel Sebastian Thomas
    Australian Endodontic Journal.2023; 49(2): 287.     CrossRef
  • Push-Out Bond Strength of EndoSeal Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and AH Plus Sealers after Using Three Different Irrigation Protocols
    Shimaa Rifaat, Ahmed Rahoma, Fatimah Alkhalifa, Ghofran AlQuraini, Zahraa Alsalman, Zahraa Alwesaibi, Noha Taymour
    European Journal of Dentistry.2023; 17(01): 076.     CrossRef
  • Can natural irrigants replace sodium hypochlorite? A systematic review
    Anand Venkatraman Susila, Shamini Sai, Nikita Sharma, Arthi Balasubramaniam, Aruna Kumari Veronica, Sureshbabu Nivedhitha
    Clinical Oral Investigations.2023; 27(5): 1831.     CrossRef
  • Advances in the Role of Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigant in Chemical Preparation of Root Canal Treatment
    Chen Cai, Xuan Chen, Yang Li, Qianzhou Jiang, Yeliz Guven
    BioMed Research International.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A laboratory investigation on the effect of biguanide‐ and pyridine‐derived antiseptics on the adhesion of resin composites to dentin
    Arzu Yağmur Uçar, Türkay Kölüş, D. Alperen Bozkurt, Prasanna Neelakantan, Islam A. A. Ali, Sema Belli
    Australian Endodontic Journal.2023; 49(3): 599.     CrossRef
  • Minimally invasive management of vital teeth requiring root canal therapy
    E. Karatas, M. Hadis, W. M. Palin, M. R. Milward, S. A. Kuehne, J. Camilleri
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Disinfection of radicular dentin using Riboflavin, Rose Bengal, Curcumin, and Porfimer sodium on extrusion bond strength of fiber post to radicular dentin
    Sami A Alturaiki, Ahmed A. Bamanie, Mohammed A. Albulowey, Abdullah A. Al Daafas, Abdullah Almalki, Ali Alqerban
    Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy.2022; 37: 102625.     CrossRef
  • Present status and future directions: Minimally invasive root canal preparation and periradicular surgery
    Prasanna Neelakantan, Vijetha Vishwanath, Silvio Taschieri, Stefano Corbella
    International Endodontic Journal.2022; 55(S4): 845.     CrossRef
  • Ex Vivo Effect of Novel Lipophosphonoxins on Root Canal Biofilm Produced by Enterococcus faecalis: Pilot Study
    Yuliya Morozova, Iva Voborná, Radovan Žižka, Kateřina Bogdanová, Renata Večeřová, Dominik Rejman, Milan Kolář, Duy Dinh Do Pham, Pavel Holík, Roman Moštěk, Matej Rosa, Lenka Pospíšilová
    Life.2022; 12(1): 129.     CrossRef
  • Irrigating Solutions and Activation Methods Used in Clinical Endodontics: A Systematic Review
    Riccardo Tonini, Matteo Salvadori, Elisabetta Audino, Salvatore Sauro, Maria Luisa Garo, Stefano Salgarello
    Frontiers in Oral Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Effects of Various Irrigating Solutions on Chemical Structure of Root Canal Dentin Using FTIR, SEM, and EDS: An In Vitro Study
    Indu Padmakumar, Dharam Hinduja, Abdul Mujeeb, Raghu Kachenahalli Narasimhaiah, Ashwini Kumar Saraswathi, Mubashir Baig Mirza, Ali Robaian, Syed Nahid Basheer, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina
    Journal of Functional Biomaterials.2022; 13(4): 197.     CrossRef
  • Final irrigation protocols affect radicular dentin DMP1-CT expression, microhardness, and biochemical composition
    Cristina Retana-Lobo, Tatiana Ramírez-Mora, Fabian Murillo-Gómez, Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru, Mario Tanomaru-Filho, Jessie Reyes-Carmona
    Clinical Oral Investigations.2022; 26(8): 5491.     CrossRef
  • Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Herbal Formulations of Septilin and Triphala with Conventional 2% Chlorhexidine on Root Canal and Oral Commensal Bacteria using Kirby Bauer Method
    Shadab Ahmed, Kamil Shahnawaz, Tapan Kumar Mandal, Mamnoon Ghafir, Shiva Shankar Gummaluri, Gaurav Vishal
    Contemporary Clinical Dentistry.2022; 13(4): 383.     CrossRef
  • Adjunctive procedure with solvent mixtures in non-surgical endodontic retreatment: does it affect root dentin hardness?
    Inês Ferreira, Ana Cristina Braga, Maria Ascensão Lopes, Irene Pina-Vaz
    Odontology.2021; 109(4): 812.     CrossRef
  • 498 View
  • 17 Download
  • 37 Crossref
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Research Articles
The use of auxiliary devices during irrigation to increase the cleaning ability of a chelating agent
Marina Carvalho Prado, Fernanda Leal, Renata Antoun Simão, Heloisa Gusman, Maíra do Prado
Restor Dent Endod 2017;42(2):105-110.   Published online February 3, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2017.42.2.105
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study investigated the cleaning ability of ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI) and a novel activation system with reciprocating motion (EC, EasyClean, Easy Equipamentos Odontológicos) when used with a relatively new chelating agent (QMix, Dentsply). In addition, the effect of QMix solution when used for a shorter (1 minute) and a longer application time (3 minutes) was investigated.

Materials and Methods

Fifty permanent human teeth were prepared with K3 rotary system and 6% sodium hypochlorite. Samples were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10) according to the final irrigation protocol: G1, negative control (distilled water); G2, positive control (QMix 1 minute); G3, QMix 1 minute/UAI; G4, QMix 1 minute/EC; G5, QMix 3 minutes. Subsequently the teeth were prepared and three photomicrographs were obtained in each root third of root walls, by scanning electron microscopy. Two blinded and pre-calibrated examiners evaluated the images using a four-category scoring system. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p < 0.05).

Results

There were differences among groups (p < 0.05). UAI showed better cleaning ability than EC (p < 0.05). There were improvements when QMix was used with auxiliary devices in comparison with conventional irrigation (p < 0.05). Conventional irrigation for 3 minutes presented significantly better results than its use for 1 minute (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

QMix should be used for 1 minute when it is used with UAI, since this final irrigation protocol showed the best performance and also allowed clinical optimization of this procedure.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Comparative Evaluation of Different Methods of Activation of Chelating Solution for Smear Layer Removal in the Apical Portion of the Root Canal Using a Scanning Electron Microscopy: An In Vitro Study
    Mrunal B Alhat, Sudha B Mattigatti, Rushikesh R Mahaparale, Kapil D Wahane, Apoorva Jadhav
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Laser-Activated and Conventional Irrigation Techniques on Sealer Penetration into Dentinal Tubules
    Dilara Koruk, Fatma Basmacı, Dilan Kırmızı, Umut Aksoy
    Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery.2022; 40(8): 565.     CrossRef
  • Utilização dos atuais métodos de agitação de soluções endodônticas no canal radicular
    Lívia Rodrigues Schneider, Larissa Giovanella
    Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento.2022; : 135.     CrossRef
  • Smear layer removal by passive ultrasonic irrigation and 2 new mechanical methods for activation of the chelating solution
    Ricardo Machado, Isadora da Silva, Daniel Comparin, Bianca Araujo Marques de Mattos, Luiz Rômulo Alberton, Ulisses Xavier da Silva Neto
    Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Proteomic analysis of human dental pulp in different clinical diagnosis
    Poliana Amanda Oliveira Silva, Stella Maris de Freitas Lima, Mirna de Souza Freire, André Melro Murad, Octávio Luiz Franco, Taia Maria Berto Rezende
    Clinical Oral Investigations.2021; 25(5): 3285.     CrossRef
  • Effect of QMix irrigant in removal of smear layer in root canal system: a systematic review of in vitro studies
    Margaret Soo Yee Chia, Abhishek Parolia, Benjamin Syek Hur Lim, Jayakumar Jayaraman, Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes Porto
    Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The effect of 17% EDTA and QMiX ultrasonic activation on smear layer removal and sealer penetration: ex vivo study
    Felipe de Souza Matos, Fabrício Rutz da Silva, Luiz Renato Paranhos, Camilla Christian Gomes Moura, Eduardo Bresciani, Marcia Carneiro Valera
    Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Micro-CT evaluation of different final irrigation protocols on the removal of hard-tissue debris from isthmus-containing mesial root of mandibular molars
    Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, Carla Rodrigues Carvalho, Felipe Gonçalves Belladonna, Marina Carvalho Prado, Ricardo Tadeu Lopes, Gustavo De-Deus, Edson Jorge Lima Moreira
    Clinical Oral Investigations.2019; 23(2): 681.     CrossRef
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  • 8 Crossref
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Accuracy of Root ZX in teeth with simulated root perforation in the presence of gel or liquid type endodontic irrigant
Hyeong-Soon Shin, Won-Kyung Yang, Mi-Ri Kim, Hyun-Jung Ko, Kyung-Mo Cho, Se-Hee Park, Jin-Woo Kim
Restor Dent Endod 2012;37(3):149-154.   Published online August 29, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2012.37.3.149
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

To evaluate the accuracy of the Root ZX in teeth with simulated root perforation in the presence of gel or liquid type endodontic irrigants, such as saline, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine liquid, 2% chlorhexidine gel, and RC-Prep, and also to determine the electrical conductivities of these endodontic irrigants.

Materials and Methods

A root perforation was simulated on twenty freshly extracted teeth by means of a small perforation made on the proximal surface of the root at 4 mm from the anatomic apex. Root ZX was used to locate root perforation and measure the electronic working lengths. The results obtained were compared with the actual working length (AWL) and the actual location of perforations (AP), allowing tolerances of 0.5 or 1.0 mm. Measurements within these limits were considered as acceptable. Chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate significance. Electrical conductivities of each irrigant were also measured with an electrical conductivity tester.

Results

The accuracies of the Root ZX in perforated teeth were significantly different between liquid types (saline, NaOCl) and gel types (chlorhexidine gel, RC-Prep). The accuracies of electronic working lengths in perforated teeth were higher in gel types than in liquid types. The accuracy in locating root perforation was higher in liquid types than gel types. 5.25% NaOCl had the highest electrical conductivity, whereas 2% chlorhexidine gel and RC-Prep gel had the lowest electrical conductivities among the five irrigants.

Conclusions

Different canal irrigants with different electrical conductivities may affect the accuracy of the Root ZX in perforated teeth.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effect of Different Electroconductive Root Canal Irrigations on the Accuracy of Different Apex Locators: An In Vitro Comparative Study
    Eman M. Yahya, Ashraf S. Alchalabi, Emad Farhan Alkhalidi
    Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.2024; 14(3): 211.     CrossRef
  • The precision of radiographic and electronic working length estimation methods in endodontics: A systematic review of clinical studies
    Anithakumari Rangappa, Buvaneshwari Arul, Jayalakshmi Somasundaram, Velmurugan Natanasabapathy
    Endodontology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparative evaluation of the accuracy of electronic apex locators and cone-beam computed tomography in detection of root canal perforation and working length during endodontic retreatment
    Simay Koç, Hatice Harorlı, Alper Kuştarcı
    BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparative Accuracy and Reliability of Three Electronic Apex Locators in Determining the Apical Constriction of Molar Canals: A Micro-CT Evaluation
    Reem M. Barakat, Rahaf A. Almohareb, Arwa O. Alharbi, Asma Alhazmi, Reem Alomar
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(17): 5199.     CrossRef
  • Accuracy of the integrated electronic apex locator in locating simulated perforation under various irrigating solutions in an in vitro study
    Chintan Joshi, Surabhi Joshi, Urooj Desai, Sweety Thumar, Aashray Patel, Ankita Khunt
    Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences.2024; 23: e241118.     CrossRef
  • The Accuracy of Different Apex Locator Systems in Detecting Root Perforations in the Presence of Different Irrigation Solutions
    Oğuz Burhan Çetinkaya, Emre Çulha, Uğur Aydın
    European Journal of Therapeutics.2023; 30(1): 39.     CrossRef
  • In Vitro Comparison of the Accuracy of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scanning and Electronic Apex Locators in Detection of Simulated Root Perforations in Different Localizations
    Hatice Harorlı, Simay Koç, Alper Kuştarcı
    Journal of Endodontics.2023; 49(12): 1676.     CrossRef
  • Accuracy of different electronic apex locators in determination of minimum Root perforation diameter
    Simay Koç, Alper Kuştarcı, Kürşat Er
    Australian Endodontic Journal.2023; 49(S1): 179.     CrossRef
  • The influence of MTAD and QMix on the accuracy of electronic apex locator in locating simulated perforations
    A Dumani, AA Ates, CS Ucan, S Yilmaz, I Unal, O Yoldas
    Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice.2022; 25(3): 281.     CrossRef
  • Synthesis and evaluation of grafted xanthan gum as a drug carrier in developing lornoxicam gel formulations
    SandipAshok Murtale, PrakashS Goudanavar, NRaghavendra Naveen, WalaaF Alsanie, Majid Alhomrani, AbdulhakeemS Alamri, SyedMohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, MdKhalid Anwer, Nagaraja Sreeharsha, MazenAl Gharsan, Santosh Fattepur
    Pharmacognosy Magazine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • KOMBİNE İRRİGASYON SOLÜSYONLARININ ELEKTRİKSEL İLETKENLİĞİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
    Ayşin DUMANİ, Şehnaz YILMAZ, Oğuz YOLDAŞ, Güray KILINÇÇEKER
    Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi.2022; : 1.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Evaluation of time-dependent antimicrobial effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) on Enterococcus faecalis in the root canal
Hye-Jeong Kim, Se-Hee Park, Kyung-Mo Cho, Jin-Woo Kim
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2007;32(2):121-129.   Published online March 31, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.2.121
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The purpose of this study was to assess the antibacterial effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and chlorhexidine (CHX) on Enterococcus faecalis and to evaluate and to compare the time-dependant antimicrobial effect of NaDCC with NaOCl and CHX in the root canal in vitro before and after instrumentation.

Extracted human single teeth were prepared by serial instrumentation technique. The samples were autoclaved and contaminated for 3 days with E. faecalis monocultures. The teeth were then divided into 4 groups. Each group was irrigated and inserted with 2% NaOCl, 2% NaDCC, 2% CHX and sterilized saline. After 6, 12, 24, 72h, and 1 week incubation, sterilized paper point was inserted into the root canal. Paper points containing root canal contents were then placed on the agar plate. And then each root canal was prepared with #4 and #5 GG (Gates-Glidden) drill. The debris were collected in the sterilized microtube and the plates were incubated at 37℃ in an increased CO2 atmosphere. After 24h incubation the growth of bacteria around the paper points were measured.

NaOCl and NaDCC solution shows similar antimicrobial effect for E. faecalis at 6, 12, 24, 72h and 1 week. In control group, irrigated with sterilized saline, no antimicrobial effect was observed.

The results are in agreement with other investigators, who have shown the bactericidal property and possibility of NaDCC as a root canal irrigation solution. Thus it seems that NaDCC solutions can be clinically applied into the root canal within 1 week after dilution.

Citations

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