Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Research Articles

Chitosan-induced biomodification on demineralized dentin to improve the adhesive interface: Isabella Rodrigues Ziotti, Vitória Leite Paschoini, Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona, Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel; Restor Dent Endod 2022;47(3):e28. Published online June 15, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2022.47.e28

Objectives

Metalloproteinase-inhibiting agents, such as chitosan, can prevent collagen degradation in demineralized dental substrates, thereby improving the adhesive interface. This study evaluated the bond strength (BS) and chemical and morphological characterization of the adhesive interface after applying chitosan solution to demineralized dentin.

Materials and Methods

The 80 third molars were selected. Forty teeth underwent caries induction using the pH cycling method. The teeth were divided according to the treatment: distilled water (control) and 2.5% chitosan solution. The surfaces were restored using adhesive and composite resins. Half of the specimens in each group were aged, and the other half underwent immediate analyses. The teeth were sectioned and underwent the microtensile bond strength test (µTBS), and chemical and morphological analyses using energy-dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Data analysis was performed using 3-way analysis of variance.

Results

For µTBS, sound dentin was superior to demineralized dentin (p < 0.001), chitosan-treated specimens had higher bond strength than the untreated ones (p < 0.001), and those that underwent immediate analysis had higher values than the aged specimens (p = 0.019). No significant differences were observed in the chemical or morphological compositions.

Conclusions

Chitosan treatment improved bond strength both immediately and after aging, even in demineralized dentin.

Citations

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Push-Out Bond Strength of Different Luting Cements Following Post Space Irrigation with 2% Chitosan: An In Vitro Study
Shimaa Rifaat, Ahmed Rahoma, Hind Muneer Alharbi, Sawsan Jamal Kazim, Shrouq Ali Aljuaid, Basmah Omar Alakloby, Faraz A. Farooqi, Noha Taymour
Prosthesis.2025; 7(1): 18. CrossRef
Recent advances in medical applications of chitosan-based biomaterials
Dinesh Kumar Sharma
International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Does dentin pretreatment with chitosan improve the bond strength of restorative material? A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies
Luísa Valente Gotardo Lara Alves, Nathália Mancioppi Cerqueira, Amanda Pelegrin Candemil, André Luis Faria-e-Silva, Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto, Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel
International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives.2024; 128: 103553. CrossRef
Comparative Evaluation of Apical Leakage in Root Canal Obturation Using AH Plus Sealer, Bioceramic Sealer, and Bioceramic Sealer Incorporated With Chitosan Nanoparticles: An In Vitro Study
Sushmita Rane, Varsha Pandit, Sanpreet S Sachdev, Shivani Chauhan, Rishabh Mistry, Barun Kumar
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Aesthetic impact of resin infiltration and its mechanical effect on ceramic bonding for white spot lesions
Jiaen Shu, Yijia Huang, Xueying Ma, Zhonghua Duan, Pei Wu, Sijing Chu, Yuqiong Wu, Yuhua Wang
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Incorporating Chitosan to Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement on Shear Bond Strength to Dentin (An In vitro Comparative Study)
Aya Tahseen Khudhair, Muna Saleem Khalaf
Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.2024; 14(3): 225. CrossRef
Biomodification of eroded and abraded dentin with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)
Bruna Dantas Abreu, Renata Siqueira Scatolin, Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona, Fabiana Almeida Curylofo Zotti
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials.2023; 147: 106158. CrossRef
Chitosan-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration
Yevgeniy Kim, Zharylkasyn Zharkinbekov, Kamila Raziyeva, Laura Tabyldiyeva, Kamila Berikova, Dias Zhumagul, Kamila Temirkhanova, Arman Saparov
Pharmaceutics.2023; 15(3): 807. CrossRef
Er:YAG laser in selective caries removal and dentin treatment with chitosan: a randomized clinical trial in primary molars
Rai Matheus Carvalho Santos, Renata Siqueira Scatolin, Sérgio Luiz de Souza Salvador, Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel, Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
Lasers in Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Dentin Surface Pretreatment With Chitosan Nanoparticles on Immediate and Prolonged Shear Bond Strength of Resin Composite: An in Vitro Study
Shaymaa Ali Abdul-Razzaq, Muna Saleem Khalaf
Dental Hypotheses.2023; 14(3): 84. CrossRef
MODERN TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADHESIVE DENTISTRY. INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR THE APPLICATION OF ADHESIVE SYSTEMS
Oleksandr O. Pompii, Viktor A. Tkachenko, Tetiana M. Kerimova, Elina S. Pompii
Wiadomości Lekarskie.2023; 76(12): 2721. CrossRef

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Enhanced visualization of the root canal morphology using a chitosan-based endo-radiopaque solution: Shashirekha Govind, Amit Jena, Satabdi Pattanaik, Mahaprasad Anarasi, Satyajit Mohapatra, Vinay Shivagange; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(3):e33. Published online June 4, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e33

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Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of ionic and non-ionic-based contrast media (in vitro study) and the combinatorial effect of chitosan-based endo-radiopaque solution (CERS) (in vivo study) for visualization of the root canal anatomy.

Materials and Methods

In vitro study (120 teeth): The root canal of maxillary premolars and molars (in vitro group 1 and 2 respectively, n = 60 each) were analyzed using 4 different contrast media (subgroups: Omnipaque 350, Iopamidol, Xenetix 350, and Urografin 76; n = 15 each) in combination with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Based on the results of the in vitro study, in vivo study (80 teeth) was done to compare Xenetix 350 + 5.25% NaOCl with CERS (in vivo group 1 and 2 respectively, n = 40 each) on maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars. Two endodontists used radiovisiography to assess the depth of ingress and identify the aberrant root anatomy after access cavity preparation, and after initial cleaning and shaping of canals. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for in vitro comparison (p < 0.05), and Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney U test for in vivo analysis (p < 0.01).

Results

In vitro study, Xenetix 350 + 5.25% NaOCl facilitated a significant higher visualization (p < 0.05). For in vivo study, CERS had a statistically significant depth of ingress (p < 0.01), and was efficient in identifying the aberrant root canal anatomy of premolars and molars.

Conclusions

CERS facilitates better visualization of the root canal anatomy of human premolars and molars.

Citations

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Efficacy of sonic and ultrasonic activation on irrigant penetration in different tapered preparations: An in vitro study
M. Rama Sowmya, Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja, Pradeep Solete, Sahil Choudhari, S Delphine Priscilla Antony, Mohammed Mustafa
Endodontology.2024; 36(4): 370. CrossRef
Analysis of the value of visualized root canal technique in the clinical treatment of endodontics
Nana SUN, Nannan WANG, Xin QIAN
Panminerva Medica.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Analysis of the shelf life of chitosan stored in different types of packaging, using colorimetry and dentin microhardness: Antonio Miranda da Cruz-Filho, Angelo Rafael de Vito Bordin, Luis Eduardo Souza-Flamini, Débora Fernandes da Costa Guedes, Paulo César Saquy, Ricardo Gariba Silva, Jesus Djalma Pécora; Restor Dent Endod 2017;42(2):87-94. Published online March 27, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2017.42.2.87

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Objectives

Chitosan has been widely investigated and used. However, the literature does not refer to the shelf life of this solution. This study evaluated, through the colorimetric titration technique and an analysis of dentin micro-hardness, the shelf life of 0.2% chitosan solution.

Materials and Methods

Thirty human canines were sectioned, and specimens were obtained from the second and third slices, from cemento-enamel junction to the apex. A 0.2% chitosan solution was prepared and distributed in 3 identical glass bottles (v1, v2, and v3) and 3 plastic bottles (p1, p2, and p3). At 0, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days, the specimens were immersed in each solution for 5 minutes (n = 3 each). The chelating effect of the solution was assessed by micro-hardness and colorimetric analysis of the dentin specimens. 17% EDTA and distilled water were used as controls. Data were analyzed statistically by two-way and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison (α = 0.05).

Results

There was no statistically significant difference among the solutions with respect to the study time (p = 0.113) and micro-hardness/time interaction (p = 0.329). Chitosan solutions and EDTA reduced the micro-hardness in a similar manner and differed significantly from the control group (p < 0.001). Chitosan solutions chelated calcium ions throughout the entire experiment.

Conclusions

Regardless of the storage form, chitosan demonstrates a chelating property for a minimum period of 6 months.

Citations

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Chitosan’s Ability to Remove the Smear Layer—A Systematic Review of Ex Vivo Studies
Ana Ferreira-Reguera, Inês Ferreira, Irene Pina-Vaz, Benjamín Martín-Biedma, José Martín-Cruces
Medicina.2025; 61(1): 114. CrossRef
Antimicrobial evaluation of root canal irrigants of natural sources with and without gamma radiation activation - An in vitro study
Hoda Raafat Yousri, Abeer Hashem Mahran, Ahmed Abdel Rahman Hashem, Amal A. El-Batouti
Endodontology.2024; 36(4): 383. CrossRef
Influence of Chitosan 0.2% in Various Final Cleaning Methods on the Bond Strength of Fiberglass Post to Intrarradicular Dentin
Naira Geovana Camilo, Alex da Rocha Gonçalves, Larissa Pinzan Flauzino, Cristiane Martins Rodrigues Bernardes, Andreza Maria Fábio Aranha, Priscilla Cardoso Lazari-Carvalho, Marco Aurélio de Carvalho, Helder Fernandes de Oliveira
Polymers.2023; 15(22): 4409. CrossRef
Evaluation and comparison of anti-inflammatory properties of ibuprofen using two drug delivery systems after third molar surgery: using chitosan microspheres as a carrier for local drug delivery in to the third molar socket and through the oral route
Karthik KP, Balamurugan R
British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.2021; 59(2): 191. CrossRef
Optimization of chitosan nanoparticle synthesis and its potential application as germination elicitor of Oryza sativa L.
K. Divya, Smitha Vijayan, Sreekumar Janardanan Nair, M.S. Jisha
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2019; 124: 1053. CrossRef
Crosstalk between chitosan and cell signaling pathways
Behrouz Farhadihosseinabadi, Amir Zarebkohan, Mohamad Eftekhary, Mohammad Heiat, Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam, Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences.2019; 76(14): 2697. CrossRef

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Chelating and antibacterial properties of chitosan nanoparticles on dentin: Aldo del Carpio-Perochena, Clovis Monteiro Bramante, Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte, Marcia Regina de Moura, Fauze Ahmad Aouada, Anil Kishen; Restor Dent Endod 2015;40(3):195-201. Published online March 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.3.195

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Objectives

The use of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) in endodontics is of interest due to their antibiofilm properties. This study was to investigate the ability of bioactive CNPs to remove the smear layer and inhibit bacterial recolonization on dentin.

Materials and Methods

One hundred bovine dentin sections were divided into five groups (n = 20 per group) according to the treatment. The irrigating solutions used were 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 20 min, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 3 min and 1.29 mg/mL CNPs for 3 min. The samples were irrigated with either distilled water (control), NaOCl, NaOCl-EDTA, NaOCl-EDTA-CNPs or NaOCl-CNPs. After the treatment, half of the samples (n = 50) were used to assess the chelating effect of the solutions using portable scanning electronic microscopy, while the other half (n = 50) were infected intra-orally to examine the post-treatment bacterial biofilm forming capacity. The biovolume and cellular viability of the biofilms were analysed under confocal laser scanning microscopy. The Kappa test was performed for examiner calibration, and the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p < 0.05) were used for comparisons among the groups.

Results

The smear layer was significantly reduced in all of the groups except the control and NaOCl groups (p < 0.05). The CNPs-treated samples were able to resist biofilm formation significantly better than other treatment groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

CNPs could be used as a final irrigant during root canal treatment with the dual benefit of removing the smear layer and inhibiting bacterial recolonization on root dentin.

Citations

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Comparison of Various Irrigation Techniques for the Removal of Silicone Oil-Based Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medicament from the Apical Third: An SEM Study
Shalin Ann Saji, Chitharanjan Shetty, Gurmeen Kaur, Sunheri Bajpe, Chandraprabha Chandraprabha, Rashi Shroff, Shazeena Qaiser, Surabhi Gupta
Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU.2025; 15(01): 103. CrossRef
Comparative evaluation of smear layer removal and dentin wettability using 1% phytic acid with and without 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles: An in vitro study
Rahul Halkai, Kiran R. Halkai, Syeda Uzma Mahveen
Saudi Endodontic Journal.2025; 15(1): 38. CrossRef
Chitosan’s Ability to Remove the Smear Layer—A Systematic Review of Ex Vivo Studies
Ana Ferreira-Reguera, Inês Ferreira, Irene Pina-Vaz, Benjamín Martín-Biedma, José Martín-Cruces
Medicina.2025; 61(1): 114. CrossRef
Nanoparticles modified bioceramic sealers on solubility, antimicrobial efficacy, pushout bond strength and marginal adaptation at apical-third of canal dentin
Basil Almutairi, Fahad Alkhudhairy
PeerJ.2025; 13: e18840. CrossRef
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Rinki Meher, Rashmi Rekha Mallick, Priyanka Sarangi, Amit Jena, Shradha Suman, Gaurav Sharma
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.2025; 28(3): 248. CrossRef
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Sree Laksmi Bademela, T. B. V. G. Raju, Krishna Prasad Parvathaneni, Abitha Seshadri, Nadimpalli Mahendra Varma, Gowtam Dev Dondapati
Endodontology.2024; 36(3): 280. CrossRef
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Meenu Elizabeth Saju, Ramya Raghu, Ashish Shetty, Lekha Santhosh, Subhashini Rajasekhara, Priya C. Yadav
Endodontology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Anisha Salim, Palanivel Sathishkumar
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2024; 283: 137850. CrossRef
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Harini Karunakaran, Jogikalmat Krithikadatta, Mukesh Doble
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S. N. Şengül, S. Ozturk, K. Ulubayram, N. Pekel Bayramgil, S. Kucukkaya Eren
International Endodontic Journal.2024; 57(4): 477. CrossRef
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Farzaneh Afkhami, Yuan Chen, Laurence J. Walsh, Ove A. Peters, Chun Xu
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Arzu Şahin Mantı, Bağdagül Helvacıoğlu Kıvanç
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Kushal Kumar Ghosh, Sayantan Mukherjee, Paromita Mazumdar, Sahil Ali, Lovely Das
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.2024; 27(12): 1289. CrossRef
The comparative of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle versus ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on the smear layer removal: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of in vitro study
Hasan İlhan, Elif Bahar Cakici, Fatih Cakici
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Lujain Ibrahim N. Aldosari
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S. Harishma, K. B. Jeyalakshmi, K. Shibani Shetty, S. Harshini
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.2024; 27(9): 970. CrossRef
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Akash Thakare, Shweta Sedani, Simran Kriplani , Aditya Patel, Utkarsh Umre
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Ardavan Moinafshar, Hanieh Paik, Rashid Ramazanzadeh, Amjad Ahmadi, Mohammad Rastegar Khosravi
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences.2024; 29(1): 85. CrossRef
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A.R. Shelin, S. Meenakshi
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Yasmin Ezz El-Din, Ahmed El-Banna, Tarek Salah Hussein
International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives.2023; 125: 103432. CrossRef
Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Application in Endodontics
Nicoletta Capuano, Alessandra Amato, Federica Dell’Annunziata, Francesco Giordano, Veronica Folliero, Federica Di Spirito, Pragati Rajendra More, Anna De Filippis, Stefano Martina, Massimo Amato, Massimiliano Galdiero, Alfredo Iandolo, Gianluigi Franci
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Luis Hernán Carrillo Varguez, Aracely Serrano-Medina, Eduardo Alberto López Maldonado, Eustolia Rodríguez Velázquez, José Manuel Cornejo-Bravo
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Raja S Prathigudupu, Deepthi N Gavarraju, Sai S Kallam, Sai Sankar J Avula, Chaitanya M Sattenapalli, Amrutha Valli Audipudi
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Dhanalakshmi P, Kiran Kumar N, K Rashmi, Biji Brigit, Shwetha R S, Sourabh T J
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Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar, Marwa Eltarahony, Elsayed E. Hafez, Shimaa I. Bashir
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Imelda Darmawi, Trimurni Abidin, Harry Agusnar, Basri A. Gani
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Angel M. Villalba-Rodríguez, Reyna Berenice González-González, Manuel Martínez-Ruiz, Elda A. Flores-Contreras, María Fernanda Cárdenas-Alcaide, Hafiz M. N. Iqbal, Roberto Parra-Saldívar
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Anan Medhat, Angie Ghoneim, Nehal Nabil Roshdy
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Ziliang Zhou, Yanyan Yang, Lu He, Junmei Wang, Jie Xiong
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Rupali Karale, Nithin K Shetty, Prashanth Bytarahosalli Rajachar, Mythreyee S Vidhya, Vinay Kumar Govindaraju
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Sara Quijano-Guauque, Lilia J. Bernal-Cepeda, Félix G. Delgado, Jaime E. Castellanos, Claudia García-Guerrero
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Pâmella Coelho Dias, Isabela Barbosa Quero, Juliana Jendiroba Faraoni, Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
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Celalettin Topbaş, Şevki Çınar, Bike Altan, Dursun Ali Şirin, Mehmet Ali Fildişi
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Doaa M. Abd El-latif, Abeer M. Darrag, Dalia A. Sherif
Tanta Dental Journal.2022; 19(4): 204. CrossRef
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Aldo del Carpio-Perochena, Eric Nicholson, Chandra Veer Singh, Josette Camilleri, Anil Kishen
Journal of Endodontics.2022; 48(10): 1319. CrossRef
Assessment of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Nano Chitosan, Chlorhexidine, Chlorhexidine/Nano Chitosan Combination versus Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigation in Patients with Necrotic Mandibular Premolars: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Maha Nasr, Alaa Diab, Nehal Roshdy, Amira Farouk
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Enhanced visualization of the root canal morphology using a chitosan-based endo-radiopaque solution
Shashirekha Govind, Amit Jena, Satabdi Pattanaik, Mahaprasad Anarasi, Satyajit Mohapatra, Vinay Shivagange
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Chitosan-Based Biomaterial, Calcium Hydroxide and Chlorhexidine for Potential Use as Intracanal Medication
Bruna de Siqueira Nunes, Rosana Araújo Rosendo, Abrahão Alves de Oliveira Filho, Marcus Vinícius Lia Fook, Wladymyr Jefferson Bacalhau de Sousa, Rossemberg Cardoso Barbosa, Hermano de Vasconcelos Pina, João Emídio da Silva Neto, Solomon Kweku Sagoe Amoah,
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Jasmine Wong, Daniel Manoil, Peggy Näsman, Georgios N. Belibasakis, Prasanna Neelakantan
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Nanomaterials Application in Endodontics
Wojciech Zakrzewski, Maciej Dobrzyński, Anna Zawadzka-Knefel, Adam Lubojański, Wojciech Dobrzyński, Mateusz Janecki, Karolina Kurek, Maria Szymonowicz, Rafał Jakub Wiglusz, Zbigniew Rybak
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Preparation and application of chitosan biomaterials in dentistry
Chenxi Zhang, Didi Hui, Colin Du, Huan Sun, Wei Peng, Xiaobing Pu, Zhengyong Li, Jianxun Sun, Changchun Zhou
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2021; 167: 1198. CrossRef
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Jasmine Wong, Ting Zou, Angeline Hui Cheng Lee, Chengfei Zhang
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Inhibitory effect on Streptococcus mutans and mechanical properties of the chitosan containing composite resin: Ji-Sun Kim, Dong-Hoon Shin; Restor Dent Endod 2013;38(1):36-42. Published online February 26, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2013.38.1.36

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This study evaluated the antibacterial effect and mechanical properties of composite resins (L_CR, M_CR, H_CR) incorporating chitosan with three different molecular weights (L, Low; M, Medium; H, High).

Materials and Methods

Streptococcus (S). mutans 100 mL and each chitosan powder were inoculated in sterilized 10 mL Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) solution, and was centrifuged for 12 hr. Absorbance of the supernatent was measured at OD₆₆₀ to estimate the antibacterial activities of chitosan. After S. mutans was inoculated in the disc shaped chitosan-containing composite resins, the disc was cleansed with BHI and diluted with serial dilution method. S. mutans was spread on Mitis-salivarius bacitracin agar. After then, colony forming unit (CFU) was measured to verify the inhibitory effect on S. mutans biofilm. To ascertain the effect on the mechanical properties of composite resin, 3-point bending and Vickers hardness tests were done after 1 and 3 wk water storage, respectively. Using 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe test, statistical analysis was done with 95% significance level.

Results

All chitosan powder showed inhibition effect against S. mutans. CFU number in chitosan-containing composite resins was smaller than that of control resin without chitosan. The chitosan containing composite resins did not show any significant difference in flexural strength and Vickers hardness in comparison with the control resin. However, the composite resin, M_CR showed a slightly decreased flexural strength and the maximum load than those of control and the other composite resins H_CR and L_CR.

Conclusions

L_CR and H_CR would be recommended as a feasible antibacterial restorative due to its antibacterial nature and mechanical properties.

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Original Article

The sustaining effect of three polymers on the release of chlorhexidine from a controlled release drug device for root canal disinfection: Young-Bin Bok, Doug-Youn Lee, Chang-Young Lee, Kyung-Nam Kim, Kee-Yeon Kum; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2004;29(6):548-554. Published online November 30, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.6.548

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the suitability of using chitosan, poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to control the release of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) from a prototype of controlled release drug device (CRD) for root canal disinfection. Four different prototypes with different formulations were prepared. Group A (n = 12); The device (absorbent paper point) was loaded with CHX as control. Group B (n = 12); same as group A, but the device was coated with chitosan. In Groups C and D, the device was treated in the same way as group A and then coated three times with 5% PMMA (Group C, n = 12), or coated three times with 3% PLGA (Group D, n = 12). The devices were randomly allocated to experimental groups of 12 each.

All CRD prototypes were soaked in 3 mL distilled water. The concentrations of CHX were determined using a UV spectrophotometer. The surface characteristics of each prototype were observed using a scanning electron microscope.

The result showed that release rate of CHX was the greatest in the non-coated group, followed by the chitosan-coated group, the PLGA-coated group, and the PMMA-coated group (P < 0.05). Pores were observed on the surface of the prototypes that were coated with PLGA and PMMA. When the pore size was smaller, the release rate was lower. This data indicate that polymer coating can control the release rate of CHX from the CRD prototypes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effect of different chlorhexidine application times on microtensile bond strength to dentin in Class I cavities
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Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(1): 9. CrossRef
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