Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Review Article

Age-dependent root canal instrumentation techniques: a comprehensive narrative review: Michael Solomonov, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Avi Hadad, Dan Henry Levy, Joe Ben Itzhak, Oleg Levinson, Hadas Azizi; Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(2):e21. Published online March 4, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e21

The aim of this article was to review age-dependent clinical recommendations for appropriate root canal instrumentation techniques. A comprehensive narrative review of canal morphology, the structural characteristics of dentin, and endodontic outcomes at different ages was undertaken instead of a systematic review. An electronic literature search was carried out, including the Medline (Ovid), PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The searches used controlled vocabulary and free-text terms, as follows: ‘age-related root canal treatment,’ ‘age-related instrumentation,’ ‘age-related chemo-mechanical preparation,’ ‘age-related endodontic clinical recommendations,’ ‘root canal instrumentation at different ages,’ ‘geriatric root canal treatment,’ and ‘pediatric root canal treatment.’ Due to the lack of literature with practical age-based clinical recommendations for an appropriate root canal instrumentation technique, a narrative review was conducted to suggest a clinical algorithm for choosing the most appropriate instrumentation technique during root canal treatment. Based on the evidence found through the narrative review, an age-related clinical algorithm for choosing appropriate instrumentation during root canal treatment was proposed. Age affects the morphology of the root canal system and the structural characteristics of dentin. The clinician’s awareness of root canal morphology and dentin characteristics can influence the choice of instruments for root canal treatment.

Citations

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Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Challenges Faced by Undergraduate Dental Students During Root Canal Treatment (RCT) and the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients After RCT
Mubashir Baig Mirza, Abdullah Bajran Almuteb, Abdulaziz Tariq Alsheddi, Qamar Hashem, Mohammed Ali Abuelqomsan, Ahmed AlMokhatieb, Shahad AlBader, Abdullah AlShehri
Medicina.2025; 61(2): 215. CrossRef
Assessment of Anatomical Dentin Thickness in Mandibular First Molar: An In Vivo Cone‐Beam Computed Tomographic Study
Sahil Choudhari, Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja, Sindhu Ramesh, Jerry Jose, Mariangela Cernera, Parisa Soltani, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da Silva, Gianrico Spagnuolo, Ricardo Danil Guiraldo
International Journal of Dentistry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Oral Health Concerns of the ‘Sunset Age’
Pradnya V. Kakodkar, Amandeep Kaur, Shivasakthy Manivasakan, Sounyala Rayannavar, Revati Deshmukh, Smita Athavale
Journal of Medical Evidence.2023; 4(2): 141. CrossRef
Root canal treatment of a six-canal first mandibular molar with extensive periapical lesion: A case report
Xin Li, Shuyu Sun, Tengyi Zheng
Medicine.2023; 102(30): e34336. CrossRef
Endodontic Dentistry: Analysis of Dentinal Stress and Strain Development during Shaping of Curved Root Canals
Laura Iosif, Bogdan Dimitriu, Dan Florin Niţoi, Oana Amza
Healthcare.2023; 11(22): 2918. CrossRef
Mechanisms of age-related changes in the morphology of the pulp system of the first lower molars
N.B. Petrukhina, O.A. Zorina, V.A. Venediktova
Stomatologiya.2022; 101(2): 19. CrossRef

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Research Article

The prevalence of radix molaris in the mandibular first molars of a Saudi subpopulation based on cone-beam computed tomography: Hassan AL-Alawi, Saad Al-Nazhan, Nassr Al-Maflehi, Mazen A. Aldosimani, Mohammed Nabil Zahid, Ghadeer N. Shihabi; Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(1):e1. Published online November 14, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e1

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Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of radix molaris (RM) (entomolaris and paramolaris) in the mandibular first permanent molars of a sample Saudi Arabian subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods

A total of 884 CBCT images of 427 male and 457 female Saudi citizens (age 16 to 70 years) were collected from the radiology department archives of 4 dental centers. A total of 450 CBCT images of 741 mature mandibular first molars that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The images were viewed at high resolution by 3 examiners and were analyzed with Planmeca Romexis software (version 5.2).

Results

Thirty-three (4.5%) mandibular first permanent molars had RM, mostly on the distal side. The incidence of radix entomolaris (EM) was 4.3%, while that of radix paramolaris was 0.3%. The RM roots had one canal and occurred more unilaterally. No significant difference in root configuration was found between males and females (p > 0.05). Types I and III EM root canal configurations were most common, while type B was the only RP configuration observed.

Conclusions

The incidence of RM in the mandibular first molars of this Saudi subpopulation was 4.5%. Identification of the supernumerary root can avoid missing the canal associated with the root during root canal treatment.

Citations

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Evaluation of the variations of mandibular molars and the distance from root apex to the inferior alveolar nerve in Saudi Sub-population: Three-dimensional radiographic evaluation
Tariq Mohammed Aqili, Esam Sami Almuzaini, Abdulbari Saleh Aljohani, Ahmed Khaled Al Saeedi, Hassan Abdulmuti Hammudah, Muath Alassaf, Muhannad M. Hakeem, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
PLOS ONE.2025; 20(2): e0317053. CrossRef
Assessment of the root and canal morphology in the permanent dentition of Saudi Arabian population using cone beam computed and micro-computed tomography – a systematic review
Mohammed Mustafa, Rumesa Batul, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Hadi Mohammed Alamri, Abdulaziz Abdulwahed, Ahmed A. Almokhatieb, Qamar Hashem, Abdullah Alsakaker, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of radix accesoria dentis in a northern Peruvian population evaluated by cone-beam tomography
Karla Renata León-Almanza, Anthony Adrián Jaramillo-Nuñez, Catherin Angélica Ruiz-Cisneros, Paul Martín Herrera-Plasencia
Heliyon.2024; 10(16): e35919. CrossRef
Radix molaris is a hidden truth of mandibular first permanent molars: A descriptive- analytic study using cone beam computed tomography
Mohammed A. Alobaid, Saurabh Chaturvedi, Ebtihal Mobarak S. Alshahrani, Ebtsam M. Alshehri, Amal S. Shaiban, Mohamed Khaled Addas, Giuseppe Minervini
Technology and Health Care.2023; 31(5): 1957. CrossRef
Prevalence of Radix Entomolaris in Mandibular Permanent Molars Analyzed by Cone-Beam CT in the Saudi Population of Ha'il Province
Moazzy I Almansour, Ahmed A Madfa, Adhwaa F Algharbi, Reem Almuslumani, Noeer K Alshammari, Ghufran M Al Hussain
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of radix entomolaris in India and its comparison with the rest of the world
Sumit MOHAN, Jyoti THAKUR
Minerva Dental and Oral Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Radix Paramolaris an Endodontic Challenge: A Case Report
Ashwini B Prasad, Deepak Raisingani, Ridhima Gupta, Rimjhim Jain
Journal of Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology.2022; 7(1): 32. CrossRef
Evaluation of Radix Entomolaris and Middle Mesial Canal in Mandibular Permanent First Molars in an Iraqi Subpopulation Using Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography
Ranjdar Mahmood Talabani, Kazhan Omer Abdalrahman, Rawa Jamal Abdul, Dlsoz Omer Babarasul, Sara Hilmi Kazzaz, Heng Bo Jiang
BioMed Research International.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of Root Canal Configuration of Maxillary and Mandibular First Molar by CBCT: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Rakan Rafdan Alhujhuj, Rizwan Jouhar, Muhammad Adeel Ahmed, Abdullatif Abdulrahman Almujhim, Mohammed Tariq Albutayh, Necdet Adanir
Diagnostics.2022; 12(9): 2121. CrossRef
Ethnical Anatomical Differences in Mandibular First Permanent Molars between Indian and Saudi Arabian Subpopulations: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
Abdulwahab Alamir, Mohammed Mashyakhy, Apathsakayan Renugalakshmi, Thilla S Vinothkumar, Anandhi S Arthisri, Ahmed Juraybi
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2021; 22(5): 484. CrossRef

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Case Report

Endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with three roots and seven root canals with the aid of cone-beam computed tomography: Gurudutt Nayak, Kamal Krishan Singh, Rhitu Shekhar; Restor Dent Endod 2015;40(3):241-248. Published online June 3, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.3.241

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Variation in root canal morphology, especially in maxillary first molar presents a constant challenge for a clinician in their detection and management. This case report describes the successful root canal treatment of a three rooted right maxillary first molar presenting with three canals each in the mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots and one canal in the palatal root. The clinical detection of this morphologic aberration was made using a dental operating microscope, and the canal configuration was established after correlating and computing the clinical, radiographic and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan findings. CBCT images confirmed the configuration of the canals in the mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots to be Al-Qudah and Awawdeh type (3-2) and type (3-2-1), respectively, whereas the palatal root had a Vertucci type I canal pattern. This report reaffirms the importance of careful examination of the floor of the pulp chamber with a dental operating microscope and the use of multiangled preoperative radiographs along with advanced diagnostic aids such as CBCT in identification and successful management of aberrant canal morphologies.

Citations

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Endodontic Management of Maxillary First Molar with Seven Root Canals Diagnosed Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography: A Case Report
Ravindranath Megha, Venkatachalam Prakash
World Journal of Dentistry.2021; 12(1): 89. CrossRef
The MB3 canal in maxillary molars: a micro-CT study
Ronald Ordinola-Zapata, Jorge N. R. Martins, Hugo Plascencia, Marco A. Versiani, Clovis M. Bramante
Clinical Oral Investigations.2020; 24(11): 4109. CrossRef
Maxillary first molar with 7 root canals diagnosed using cone-beam computed tomography
Evaldo Rodrigues, Antônio Henrique Braitt, Bruno Ferraz Galvão, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da Silva
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2017; 42(1): 60. CrossRef
Endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with seven root canal systems evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography scanning
VijayReddy Venumuddala, Sridhar Moturi, SV Satish, BKalyan Chakravarthy, Sudhakar Malapati
Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.2017; 7(5): 297. CrossRef

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