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Research Articles
Effects of solvent volatilization time on the bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesive to dentin using conventional or deproteinization bonding techniques
José Aginaldo de Sousa Júnior, Márcia Luciana Carregosa Santana, Fabricio Eneas Diniz de Figueiredo, André Luis Faria-e-Silva
Restor Dent Endod 2015;40(3):202-208.   Published online March 17, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.3.202
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study determined the effect of the air-stream application time and the bonding technique on the dentin bond strength of adhesives with different solvents. Furthermore, the content and volatilization rate of the solvents contained in the adhesives were also evaluated.

Materials and Methods

Three adhesive systems with different solvents (Stae, SDI, acetone; XP Bond, Dentsply De Trey, butanol; Ambar, FGM, ethanol) were evaluated. The concentrations and evaporation rates of each adhesive were measured using an analytical balance. After acid-etching and rinsing, medium occlusal dentin surfaces of human molars were kept moist (conventional) or were treated with 10% sodium hypochlorite for deproteinization. After applying adhesives over the dentin, slight air-stream was applied for 10, 30 or 60 sec. Composite cylinders were built up and submitted to shear testing. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).

Results

Stae showed the highest solvent content and Ambar the lowest. Acetone presented the highest evaporation rate, followed by butanol. Shear bond strengths were significantly affected only by the factors of 'adhesive' and 'bonding technique' (p < 0.05), while the factor 'duration of air-stream' was not significant. Deproteinization of dentin increased the bond strength (p < 0.05). Stae showed the lowest bond strength values (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed between XP Bond and Ambar.

Conclusions

Despite the differences in content and evaporation rate of the solvents, the duration of air-stream application did not affect the bond strength to dentin irrespective of the bonding technique.

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Effect of different chlorhexidine application times on microtensile bond strength to dentin in Class I cavities
Hyun-Jung Kang, Ho-Jin Moon, Dong-Hoon Shin
Restor Dent Endod 2012;37(1):9-15.   Published online March 2, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2012.37.1.9
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study evaluated the effect of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) with different application times on microtensile bonds strength (MTBS) to dentin in class I cavities and intended to search for ideal application time for a simplified bonding protocol.

Materials and Methods

Flat dentinal surfaces with class I cavities (4 mm × 4 mm × 2 mm) in 40 molar teeth were bonded with etch-and-rinse adhesive system, Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) after: (1) etching only as a control group; (2) etching + CHX 5 sec + rinsing; (3) etching + CHX 15 sec + rinsing; (4) etching + CHX 30 sec + rinsing; and (5) etching + CHX 60 sec + rinsing. Resin composite was built-up with Z-250 (3M ESPE) using a bulk method and polymerized for 40 sec. For each condition, half of the specimens were immediately submitted to MTBS test and the rest of them were assigned to thermocycling of 10,000 cycles between 5℃ and 55℃ before testing. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, at a significance level of 95%.

Results

There was no significant difference in bond strength between CHX pre-treated group and control group at the immediate testing period. After thermocycling, all groups showed reduced bond strength irrespective of the CHX use. However, groups treated with CHX maintained significantly higher MTBS than control group (p < 0.05). In addition, CHX application time did not have any significant influence on the bond strength among groups treated with CHX.

Conclusion

Application of 2% CHX for a short time period (5 sec) after etching with 37% phosphoric acid may be sufficient to preserve dentin bond strength.

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Original Articles
Effect of the application time of self-etching primers on the bonding of enamel
Cheol-Hee Jin, Young-Gon Cho, Soo-Mee Kim, Myeong-Seon Lee
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2008;33(3):224-234.   Published online May 31, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2008.33.3.224
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The purpose of this study was to compare the normal and two times of application time of six self-etching primers applied to enamel using microshear bond strength (uSBS) test and the finding of scanning electronic microscope (SEM).

Crown of sixty human molars were bisected mesiodistally and buccal and lingual enamel of crowns were partially exposed and polished with 600 grit SiC papers. They were divided into one of two equal groups subdivided into one of six equal groups (n = 10) by self-etching primer adhesives.

After the same manufacture's adhesive resin and composites were bonded on the enamel surface of each group, the bonded specimens were subjected to uSBS testing and also observed under SEM.

In conclusion, generally two times of primer application time increased the enamel uSBS, especially with the statistical increase of bond strength in adhesives involving high-pH primers.

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Effect of increasing application time of single bottle adhesives to microtensile bond strength of dried dentin
Hak-Geun Kim, Dong-Jun Kim, Yun-Chan Hwang, Wonmann Oh, In-Nam Hwang
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2005;30(6):435-441.   Published online November 30, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2005.30.6.435
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing application time of single bottle adhesives (SBA) to microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of dried dentin. To expose the superficial dentin surfaces, human molars were sectioned perpendicular to the long axis of tooth. 32% phosphoric acid gels were applied for 15s and rinsed. The teeth were randomly assigned to 3 groups ; S group (Single Bond), O group (One-Step), P group (Prime & Bond NT). Each group was divided to 3 subgroups (W: dentin wipe with wet gauge and light cured immediately, D: dentin dried for 30s and light cured immediately, 30: dentin dried for 30s and light cured after applying SBA for 30s). Composite resin was built up on the dentin surface and sectioned to obtain 20 specimens with 1 mm2 cross sectional area and the MTBS was measured.

For Single Bond, the mean MTBS of S-W and S-30 group were higher than that of S-D group statistically (P < 0.05). For One-Step, the mean MTBS of O-D group was statistically lower than that of O-W group (P < 0.05). For Prime & Bond NT, the mean MTBS of P-30 group was statistically lower than that of P-D group (P < 0.05).

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INFLUENCE OF APPICATION TIME OF SELF-ETCHING PRIMERS ON DENTINAL MICROTENSILE BOND STRENGTH
Young-Gon Cho, Young-Gon Lee, Jong-Uk Kim, Byung-Cheul Park, Jong-Jin Kim, Hee-Young Choi, Cheul-Hee Jin, Sang-Hoon Yoo
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2004;29(5):430-438.   Published online January 14, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.5.430
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the influence of application time of self-etching primers on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin using three self-etching primer adhesive systems.

Dentin surfaces were exposed from forty-eight human molars. They were conditioned with three self-etching primers (Clearfil SE Bond [SE], Unifil Bond [UF], Tyrian SPE + One Step Plus [TY]) and different primining times (10s, 20s, 30s and 40s). Composite resins were bonded to dentin surfaces and specimens were made. μTBS was tested and statistically compared using by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s Test.

The results of this study presented that priming time for 10s in SE and UF groups and for 30s and 40s in TY group was highly decreased μTBS to dentin.

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