Epoxy resin-based sealers are currently widely used, and several studies have considered AH Plus to be the gold-standard sealer. However, it still has limitations, including possible mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, and hydrophobicity. Drawing upon the advantages of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium silicate-based sealers were introduced with high levels of biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. Because of the hydrophilic environment in root canals, water resorption and solubility of root canal sealers are important factors contributing to their stability. Sealers displaying lower microleakage and stronger push-out bond strength are also needed to endure the dynamic tooth environment. Although the physical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers meet International Organization for Standardization recommendations, and they have consistently reported to be biocompatible, they have not overcome conventional resin-based sealers in actual practice. Therefore, further studies aiming to improve the physical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers are needed.

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  International Endodontic Journal.2015; 48(6): 542.     CrossRef
• Shaping Ability of 4 Different Single-file Systems in Simulated S-shaped Canals
  Abdulrahman Mohammed Saleh, Pouyan Vakili Gilani, Saeid Tavanafar, Edgar Schäfer
  Journal of Endodontics.2015; 41(4): 548.     CrossRef
• Shaping Ability of Reciproc, UnicOne, and Protaper Universal in Simulated Root Canals
  Etevaldo Matos Maia Filho, Cláudia de Castro Rizzi, Matheus Bandeca Coelho, Sara Freitas Santos, Luzia Mayanne Oliveira Costa, Ceci Nunes Carvalho, Rudys Rodolfo de Jesus Tavarez, Janir Alves Soares, Cornelis H. Pameijer
  The Scientific World Journal.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Current Assessment of Reciprocation in Endodontic Preparation: A Comprehensive Review—Part II: Properties and Effectiveness
  Gianluca Plotino, Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed, Nicola Maria Grande, Stephen Cohen, Frédéric Bukiet
  Journal of Endodontics.2015; 41(12): 1939.     CrossRef
• Comparative evaluation of the shaping ability of WaveOne, Reciproc and OneShape single‐file systems in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth
  S. E. D. M. Saber, M. M. Nagy, E. Schäfer
  International Endodontic Journal.2015; 48(1): 109.     CrossRef
• Quantitative Transportation Assessment in Simulated Curved Canals Prepared with an Adaptive Movement System
  Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, Michele Dias Nunes Tameirão, Felipe Gonçalves Belladonna, Aline Almeida Neves, Erick Miranda Souza, Gustavo De-Deus
  Journal of Endodontics.2015; 41(7): 1125.     CrossRef
• Shaping ability of ProTaper Universal, WaveOne and ProTaper Next in simulated L-shaped and S-shaped root canals
  Hui Wu, Cheng Peng, Yulong Bai, Xin Hu, Lei Wang, Changyi Li
  BMC Oral Health.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Shaping characteristics of two different motions nickel titanium file: a preliminary comparative study of surface profile and dentin chip
  So-Ra Park, Se-Hee Park, Kyung-Mo Cho, Jin-Woo Kim
  Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science.2014; 30(2): 121.     CrossRef
• Effect of passive ultrasonic agitation during final irrigation on cleaning capacity of hybrid instrumentation
  Marcilene Coelho Vinhorte, Eduardo Hideki Suzuki, Maíra Sousa de Carvalho, André Augusto Franco Marques, Emílio Carlos Sponchiado Júnior, Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2014; 39(2): 104.     CrossRef
• Influence of operator's experience level on lifespan of the WaveOne Primary file in extracted teeth
  Abdulrahman Mohammed Saleh, Saeid Tavanafar, Pouyan Vakili-Gilani, Noor Jamal Al Sammerraie, Faahim Rashid
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2013; 38(4): 222.     CrossRef
• Endodontic treatment of mandibular molar with root dilaceration using Reciproc single-file system
  Daniely Amorin Meireles, Mariana Mena Barreto Bastos, André Augusto Franco Marques, Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia, Emílio Carlos Sponchiado
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2013; 38(3): 167.     CrossRef

One of the most challenging task in closing anterior diastema is avoiding "black triangle" between the teeth.

This paper reports a case that the closure of diastema in anterior teeth could be successfully accomplished using direct adhesive restorations and gingival recontouring. The traditional technique using Mylar strip was modified to increase the emergence profile with natural contours at the gingival-tooth interface. Mylar strip was extended out of the sulcus by approximately 1 mm high from the gingival margin, and a small cotton pellet was used to provide the emergence contour. This modified approach is acceptable for the clinical situation.

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• Demystifying the pink enigma: A succinct overview on the interdental papilla
  Jaishree Tukaram Kshirsagar, A. Monika, S. Nithiyaraj, S. Sathyasree, K. Shyam Sharma
  Journal of Integrative Medicine and Research.2024; 2(2): 60.     CrossRef
• Gingival Conditioning with Provisional Composite Veneer Prior to Final Dental Restoration: Three-year Follow-up
  B Mueller, GB Rauber, LA Linhares, JK Bernardon, E Santini, LF Pottmaier
  Operative Dentistry.2023; 48(3): 237.     CrossRef
• Black Triangle and its Management in Dentistry: A Review Article
  Avneet Kaur, Pramod Waghmare, Vidya M Dodwad, Nishita Shivaji Bhosale, Akanksha Mohan Karale, Simran Sunil Singh
  Indian Journal of Dental Sciences.2023; 15(2): 99.     CrossRef
• Maxillary midline diastema closure with sectional feldspathic porcelain veneers: A case series followed 1 to 4 years
  Cui‐Ting Chen, Bin Yang, Ya‐Xiong Yin, Xiao‐Dong Wang, Ke Zhao
  Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2023; 35(7): 1022.     CrossRef
• Conservative and esthetic closure of maxillary midline diastema without creating “black triangle” using direct resin composite
  Kyoung-Hwa Jung, Eun-Young Kwon, Youn-Kyung Choi, So-Yeun Kim, Hye-Mi Jeon, Jeong-Kil Park
  Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science.2017; 33(2): 163.     CrossRef
• DIASTEMA CLOSURE TREATMENT DECISION FOR AN ADOLESCENT PATIENT WITH CEREBRAL PALSY
  Koeun Lee, Jae-Ho Lee, Chung-Min Kang
  The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health.2015; 11(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Diastema closure using direct bonding restorations combined with orthodontic treatment: a case report
  Soon-Kong Hwang, Jung-Hong Ha, Myoung-Uk Jin, Sung-Kyo Kim, Young-Kyung Kim
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(3): 165.     CrossRef

Since its introduction in 1993, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) has been shown to be superior to others in sealing, biocompatibility, and many other aspects of clinical endodontics. MTA is primarily Portland cement with bismuth oxide as a radiopacitifier.

Although some studies suggested that the reasonable-priced Portland cement could be used instead of MTA, but MTAs are different from Portland cement in its composition, especially in heavy metal contents. Therefore, clinicians should be meticulous adapting the Portland cement as a MTA substitute.

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• Endodontic management of a maxillary lateral incisor with dens invaginatus and external root irregularity using cone-beam computed tomography
  Young-Jun Lim, Sook-Hyun Nam, Sung-Ho Jung, Dong-Ryul Shin, Su-Jung Shin, Kyung-San Min
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(1): 50.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study is to investigate the response of human pulp cell on Portland cement mixed with β-glycerophosphate. To investigate the effect of β-glycerophosphate and/or dexamethasone on human pulp cell, ALP activity on various concentration of β-glycerophosphate and dexamethasone was measured and mineral nodule of human pulp cell was stained with Alizarin red S. MTS assay and ALP activity of human pulp cell on Portland cement mixed with various concentration of β-glycerophosphate (10 mM, 100mM, 1M) was measured and the specimens were examined under SEM.

Addition of β-glycerophosphate or dexamethasone alone had no effect however, the addition of 5 mM β-glycerophosphate and 100 nM dexamethasone had the largest increasement in ALP activity. There was no toxicity in all samples and the data showed that Portland cement mixed with 10 mM β-glycerophosphate had more increase in ALP activity compared with control.

In conclusion, Portland cement mixed with β-glycerophosphate has no toxicity and promotes differentiation and mineralization of pulp cell compared with additive-free Portland cement. This implicated that application of Portland cement mixed with β-glycerophosphate might form more reparative dentin and in turn it would bring direct pulp capping to success.

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• Dentinogenic potential of human adult dental pulp cells during the extended primary culture
  Jin-Hee Min, Seon-Yle Ko, Yong-Bum Cho, Chun-Jeih Ryu, Young-Joo Jang
  Human Cell.2011; 24(1): 43.     CrossRef

The C-shaped canal system is an anatomical variation mostly seen in mandibular second molars, although it can also occur in maxillary and other mandibular molars. The main anatomical feature of C-shaped canals is the presence of fins or web connecting the individual root canals. The complexity of C-shaped canals prevents these canals from being cleaned, shaped, and obturated effectively during root canal therapy, and sometimes it leads to an iatrogenic perforation from the extravagant preparation.

The purpose of this study was to provide further knowledge of the anatomical configuration and the minimal thickness of dentinal wall according to the level of the root.

Thirty extracted mandibular second molars with fused roots and longitudinal grooves on lingual or buccal surface of the root were collected from a native Korean population. The photo images and radiographs from buccal, lingual, apical direction were taken. After access cavity was prepared, teeth were placed in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution for 2 hours to dissolve the organic tissue of the root surface and from the root canal system. After bench dried and all the teeth were embedded in a self-curing resin. Each block was sectioned using a microtome (Accutom-50, Struers, Denmark) at interval of 1 mm. The sectioned surface photograph was taken using a digital camera (Coolpix 995, Nikon, Japan) connected to the microscope. 197 images were evaluated for canal configurations and the minimal thickness of dentinal wall between canal and external wall using' Root Thickness Gauge Program' designed with Visual Basic.

The results were as follows:

1. At the orifice level of all teeth, the most frequent observed configuration was Melton's Type C I (73%), however the patterns were changed to type C II and C III when the sections were observed at the apical third. On the other hand, the type C III was observed at the orifice level of only 2 teeth but this type could be seen at apical region of the rest of the teeth.

2. The C-shaped canal showed continuous and semi-colon shape at the orifice level, but at the apical portion of the canal there was high possibility of having 2 or 3 canals.

3. Lingual wall was thinner than buccal wall at coronal, middle, apical thirds of root but there was no statistical differences.

Ormocer has organic-inorganic compound polymers. One of advantages of ormocer is reduced polymerization shrinkage. The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of contraction shrinkage of composite resins and ormocers. Additionally, the time of each material when there is no further change of contraction shrinkage was analysed.

Four brands of composite resins (P-60, Surefil, Z-250 and Denfil) and two brands of ormocers (Definite and Admira) were used. 20 seconds, 40 seconds and 60 seconds of curing times were given. Contraction shrinkage of them were measured using a linometer for 80 seconds.

The effect of material and curing time to contraction shrinkage at the time of 80 seconds was analysed by two-way ANOVA. The effect of time to contraction shrinkage was analysed by one-way ANOVA, and the time when there was no further change of the contraction shrinkage was analysed. The results are as follows :

P-60, Definite, Z-250 and Denfil had no further change of contraction shrinkage from the time of 20 seconds, and Surefil and Admira had no further change of contraction shrinkage from the time of 10 seconds.

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• Polymerization shrinkage and stress analysis during dental restoration observed by digital image correlation method
  Jung-Hoon Park, Nak-Sam Choi
  Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology.2021; 35(12): 5435.     CrossRef
• Acoustic emission characteristics of methacrylate-based composite and silorane-based composite during dental restoration according to a variety of C-factor
  Jung-Hoon Park, Ja-Uk Gu, Nak-Sam Choi
  Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology.2017; 31(9): 4067.     CrossRef
• Behavior of Polymerization Shrinkage Stress of Methacrylate-based Composite and Silorane-based Composite during Dental Restoration
  Jung-Hoon Park, Nak-Sam Choi
  Composites Research.2015; 28(1): 6.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of EDTA irrigant according to application time and temperature.

31 human mature extracted teeth with a single canal were sectioned with microtome in 3mm thickness and gained 62 samples of root canals. They were distributed randomly into 6 groups of 10 specimens each and control group of 2 specimens. Each specimen was prepared with GT rotary file (Dentsply, Maillefer Co., Swiss) and irrigated with 3 ml sodium hypochlorite every minute. Then smear layer was removed with EDTA solution (PULPDENT®, PULPDENT Co., USA.) except two control specimens. Specimens of each group were irrigated with 17% EDTA.

The time and temperature of application were as follows:

All specimens were split longitudinally and prepared for examination by scanning electron microscopy. A set of reference micrographs was used to award a debris score as follows: 0 = no smear layer, all tubules clean and open; 1 = no superficial smear layer, tubule openings visible, but some contain debris plug or soft tissue remnants; 2 = moderate smear layer, some tubules open and others closed; 3 = heavy smear layer, most/all tubule openings obscured. Results were evaluated with Kruskal-Wallis test to determine whether there was statistically significant difference among six groups. Pairs of groups were analyzed using the Student-Newman-Keuls Method and Mann-Whitney test.

The results were as follows:

1. Control specimens showed heavy smear layer at the canal walls.

2. Among the groups applied with EDTA for 2 minutes, group 1 showed the heaviest smear layer, and there was statistically significant difference between group 1 and the other groups(p<0.05).

3. Among the groups applied with EDTA for 5 minutes, group 4 and group 6 showed smear layer, but there was no significant difference between them.

4. Among the groups applied with EDTA for the same temperature, group 1 showed heavier smear layer than group 4, and there was statistically significant difference(p<0.05).

5. Among the groups applied with EDTA for the same temperature, group 2 showed heavier smear layer than group 5 and group 3 showed heavier smear layer than group 6. But there was no statistically significant difference among them.

From the results above, it could be concluded, EDTA solution is effective in removing of smear layer when it is applied for 5 minutes. If EDTA is applied for 2 minutes, it should be applied above room temperature.

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• Apical foramen morphology according to the length of merged canal at the apex
  Hee-Ho Kim, Jeong-Bum Min, Ho-Keel Hwang
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2013; 38(1): 26.     CrossRef
• The comparison of different canal irrigation methods to prevent reaction precipitate between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine
  Moon-Sun Choi, Se-Hee Park, Kyung-Mo Cho, Jin-Woo Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(2): 80.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Antibacterial effect of Listerine® with Various root canal irrigants
  Young Hun Kim, Min-Kyung Kang, Eun-Kyoung Choi, So-Young Yang, Inseok Yang, In-Chol Kang, Yun-Chan Hwang, In-Nam Hwang, Won-Mann Oh
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(6): 500.     CrossRef