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- Basic Research Optimal combination of 3-component photoinitiation system to increase the degree of conversion of resin monomers
- Chang-Gyu Kim, DDS, PhD, Ho-Jin Moon, DDS, MS, Dong-Hoon Shin, DDS, PhD
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Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2011;36(4):313-323.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2011.36.4.313
Published online: July 31, 2011
Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dankook University College of Dentistry, Institute of Dental Science, Cheonan, Korea.
- Correspondence to Dong-Hoon Shin, DDS, PhD. Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dankook University College of Dentistry, Institute of Dental Science, San 7-1, Shinbu-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Korea 330-716. TEL, +82-41-550-1965; FAX, +82-41-553-1258; donyshin@dankook.ac.kr
• Received: June 20, 2011 • Revised: July 9, 2011 • Accepted: July 11, 2011
Copyright © 2011 Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry
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Abstract
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Objectives This study investigated the optimal combination of 3-component photoinitiation system, consisting of CQ, p-octyloxy-phenyl-phenyl iodonium hexafluoroantimonate (OPPI), and 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) to increase the degree of conversion of resin monomers, and analyze the effect of the ratio of the photoinitiator to the co-initiator.
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Materials and Methods Each photoinitiators (CQ and OPP) and co-initiator (DMAEMA) were mixed in three levels with 0.2 wt.% (low concentration, L), 1.0 wt.% (medium concentration, M), and 2.0 wt.% (high concentration, H). A total of nine groups using the Taguchi method were tested according to the following proportion of components in the photoinitiator system: LLL, LMM, LHH, MLM, MMH, MHL, HLH, HML, HHM. Each monomer was polymerized using a quartz-tungsten-halogen curing unit (Demetron 400, USA) for 5, 20, 40, 60, 300 sec and the degree of conversion (DC) was determined at each exposure time using FTIR.
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Results Significant differences were found for DC values in groups. MMH group and HHM group exhibited greater initial DC than the others. No significant difference was found with the ratio of the photoinitiators (CQ, OPPI) to the co-initiator (DMAEMA). The concentrations of CQ didn't affect the DC values, but those of OPPI did strongly.
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Conclusions MMH and HHM groups seem to be best ones to get increased DC. MMH group is indicated for bright, translucent color and HHM group is good for dark, opaque colored-resin.
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REFERENCES
Figure 1
Degree of conversion of experimental groups with various combination of photoinitiators according to exposure time.
L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Figure 2
Degree of conversion at the first 5 seconds of irradiation.
L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Figure 3
Degree of conversion at 20 seconds of irradiation.
L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Figure 4
Degree of conversion at 40 seconds of irradiation.
L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Figure 5
Degree of conversion at 60 seconds of irradiation.
L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Figure 6
Degree of conversion at 300 seconds of irradiation.
L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Figure 7
Degree of conversion with various concentration of photoinitiators (CQ + OPPI) to co-initiator (DMAEMA).
Table 1
Experimental groups of photoinitiator and co-initiator with various concentrations (CQ : OPPI : DMAEMA)
CQ, camphoroquinone; OPPI, p-octyloxy-phenyl-phenyl iodonium hexafluoroantimonate; DMAEMA, ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate.
L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Tables & Figures
REFERENCES
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Figure 1
Degree of conversion of experimental groups with various combination of photoinitiators according to exposure time.
L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Figure 2
Degree of conversion at the first 5 seconds of irradiation.
L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Figure 3
Degree of conversion at 20 seconds of irradiation.
L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Figure 4
Degree of conversion at 40 seconds of irradiation.
L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Figure 5
Degree of conversion at 60 seconds of irradiation.
L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Figure 6
Degree of conversion at 300 seconds of irradiation.
L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Figure 7
Degree of conversion with various concentration of photoinitiators (CQ + OPPI) to co-initiator (DMAEMA).
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Optimal combination of 3-component photoinitiation system to increase the degree of conversion of resin monomers
Experimental groups of photoinitiator and co-initiator with various concentrations (CQ : OPPI : DMAEMA)
CQ, camphoroquinone; OPPI, p-octyloxy-phenyl-phenyl iodonium hexafluoroantimonate; DMAEMA, ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate.
L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Degree of conversion (%) in each experimental group. Mean (SD)
L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Concentration ratio of photoinitiators (CQ + OPPI) and amine (DMAEMA)
L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Degree of conversion (%) in groups according CQ concentration only. Mean (SD)
Values followed by the same lower-case letters are not significantly different (p > 0.05) within the column.
Degree of conversion (%) in groups according OPPI concentration only. Mean (SD)
Values followed by the same lower-case letters are not significantly different (p > 0.05) within the column.
Table 1
Experimental groups of photoinitiator and co-initiator with various concentrations (CQ : OPPI : DMAEMA)
CQ, camphoroquinone; OPPI, p-octyloxy-phenyl-phenyl iodonium hexafluoroantimonate; DMAEMA, ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate. L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Table 2
Degree of conversion (%) in each experimental group. Mean (SD)
L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Table 3
Concentration ratio of photoinitiators (CQ + OPPI) and amine (DMAEMA)
L, low concentration; M, medium concentration; H, high concentration.
Table 4
Degree of conversion (%) in groups according CQ concentration only. Mean (SD)
Values followed by the same lower-case letters are not significantly different (
Table 5
Degree of conversion (%) in groups according OPPI concentration only. Mean (SD)
Values followed by the same lower-case letters are not significantly different (
