Skip Navigation
Skip to contents

Restor Dent Endod : Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Search
Advanced Search
OPEN ACCESS
mobile search button mobile menu button

Articles

Page Path
HOME > Restor Dent Endod > Volume 35(6); 2010 > Article
Basic Research In vivo evaluation of accuracy and consistency of two electronic apex locators
Chien-Yun Pi, DDS1, Euiseong Kim, DDS, MSD, PhD2, Il-Young Jung, DDS, MSD, PhD2, Seung-Jong Lee, DDS, MSD, PhD2
2010;35(6):-460.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.6.453
Published online: November 30, 2010

1Department of Conservative Dentistry, Wonju Christian Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.

2Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.

Correspondence to Seung-Jong Lee, DDS, MSD, PhD. Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea 120-752. TEL, +82-2-2228-3148; FAX, +82-2-313-7575; sjlee@yuhs.ac
• Received: July 15, 2010   • Revised: September 15, 2010   • Accepted: September 27, 2010

Copyright © 2010 Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry

  • 959 Views
  • 2 Download
  • 1 Crossref
prev next
Full Article

Download PDF Download PDF

  • Objectives
    To evaluate the accuracy and consistency of two different apex locators at both the Apex and 0.5 marks.
  • Materials and Methods
    Twenty-six root canals was scheduled for extraction for periodontal or prosthodontic reasons. Thirteen canals were measured using Root ZX and the rest by i-ROOT. The root canal length was measured both the at 0.5 mark and the Apex mark. The file was then fixed to the tooth, and the distance from the file tip to the major foramen of each canal was measured after removing the root dentin under the microscope so that the major foramen and the file tip were seen.
  • Results

    1. When the Apex mark was used, 100% of both the Root ZX and i-ROOT groups were within 0.5 mm of the major foramen.

    2. When 0.5 mark was used, 100% of the Root ZX group and 77% of the i-ROOT group were within 0.5 mm of the major foramen.

    3. In terms of standard deviation and quartile value, the Apex mark was more consistent than 0.5 mark in the Root ZX group, and 0.5 mark was more consistent in the i-ROOT group, but there was no statistically significant difference when compared with t-test.

    4. The root canal length difference between the Apex mark and 0.5 mark was 0.22 mm and 0.46 mm in the Root ZX and i-ROOT groups, respectively.

  • Conclusions
    In this study, the Apex mark was the more consistent mark. Therefore, it is recommended to subtract 0.5 mm, which is the average length between the apex and apical constriction, from the root canal length at the Apex mark to obtain the working length clinically.
  • Keywords: Accuracy; Consistency; Electronic apex locator; Microscope
  • 1. Seltzer S, Soltanoff W, Sinai I, Goldenberg A, Bender IB. Biologic aspects of endodontics. 3. Periapical tissue reactions to root canal instrumentation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1968;26(5):694-705.PubMed
  • 2. Seltzer S, Soltanoff W, Sinai I, Smith J. Biologic aspects of endodontics IV Periapical tissue reactions to root-filled teeth whose canals had been instrumented short of their apices. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1969;28(5):724-738.PubMed
  • 3. Kuttler Y. Microscopic investigation of root apexes. J Am Dent Assoc. 1955;50(5):544-552.ArticlePubMed
  • 4. Dummer PM, McGinn JH, Rees DG. The position and topography of the apical canal constriction and apical foramen. Int Endod J. 1984;17(4):192-198.ArticlePubMed
  • 5. Lee SJ, Nam KC, Kim YJ, Kim DW. Clinical accuracy of a new apex locator with an automatic compensation circuit. J Endod. 2002;28(10):706-709.ArticlePubMed
  • 6. Cluster L. Exact methods of locating the apical foramen. J Natl Dent Assoc. 1918;5: 815-819.
  • 7. Suzuki K. Experimental study on iontophoresis. J Jpn Stomatol. 1942;16: 411-417.
  • 8. Sunada I. New metod for measuring the length of the root canal. J Dent Res. 1962;41(2):375-387.ArticlePDF
  • 9. Inoue N. An audiometric method for determining the length of the canals. J Can Dent Assoc. 1973;39(9):630-636.PubMed
  • 10. Kim E, Lee S. Electronic apex locator. Dent Clin North Am. 2004;48(1):35-54.PubMed
  • 11. Yamashita Y. A study of a new electric root canal measuring device using relative values of frequency response: influences of the diameter of apical foramen, the size of electrode, and the concentration of sodium hypochlorite. Jpn J Conserv Dent. 1990;33: 547-549.
  • 12. Kobayashi C, Matoba K, Suda H, Sunada I. New practical model of the division method electronic root canal length measuring device. J Jpn Endodon Assoc. 1991;12: 143-148.
  • 13. Kobayashi C, Suda H. New electronic canal measuring device based on the ratio method. J Endod. 1994;20(3):111-114.ArticlePubMed
  • 14. Hwang GY, Roh BD, Kim ES, Lee SJ. In vitro evaluation of the consistency of two electronic apex locators. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2008;33(1):20-27.
  • 15. Yoon BH, Kim ES, Jung IY, Lee SJ. vitro evaluation of the consistency of two electronic apex locators. 2009;Department of Dentistry, The graduate school, Yonsei University.
  • 16. Fouad AF, Rivera EM, Krell KV. Accuracy of the Endex with variations in canal irrigants and foramen size. J Endod. 1993;19(2):63-67.PubMed
  • 17. Wrbas KT, Ziegler AA, Altenburger MJ, Schirrmeister JF. In vivo comparison of working length determination with two electronic apex locators. Int Endod J. 2007;40(2):133-138.ArticlePubMed
  • 18. Vieyra JP, Acosta J, Mondaca JM. Comparison of working length determination with radiographs and two electronic apex locators. Int Endod J. 2010;43(1):16-20.ArticlePubMed
  • 19. Kim E, Marmo M, Lee C, Oh N, Kim I. An in vivo comparison of working length determination by only root-ZX apex locator versus combining root-ZX apex locator with radiographs using a new impression technique. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;105(4):e79-e83.PubMed
  • 20. Dunlap CA, Remeikis NA, BeGole EA, Rauschenberger CR. An in vivo evaluation of an electronic apex locator that uses the ratio method in vital and necrotic canals. J Endod. 1998;24(1):48-50.ArticlePubMed
  • 21. Pagavino G, Pace R, Baccetti T. A SEM study of in vivo accuracy of the Root ZX electronic apex locator. J Endod. 1998;24(6):438-441.ArticlePubMed
  • 22. Venturi M, Breschi L. A comparison between two electronic apex locators: an ex vivo investigation. Int Endod J. 2007;40(5):362-373.ArticlePubMed
  • 23. Goldberg F, Marroqun BB, Frajlich S, Dreyer C. In vitro evaluation of the ability of three apex locators to determine the working length during retreatment. J Endod. 2005;31(9):676-678.PubMed
Figure 1
Root ZX
jkacd-35-453-g001.jpg
Figure 2
i-ROOT
jkacd-35-453-g002.jpg
Figure 3
Length measurements with digital caliper.
jkacd-35-453-g003.jpg
Figure 4
Distance between file tip and major foramen under I-solution program (Microscope image).
jkacd-35-453-g004.jpg
Figure 5
Box plots: Quartile value of file tip and major foramen distance at 0.5 mark and the Apex mark.
jkacd-35-453-g005.jpg
Table 1
Distance between file tip and major foramen at 0.5 mark and the Apex mark (mm), according to measurement Microscopic image
jkacd-35-453-i001.jpg

Tables & Figures

REFERENCES

    Citations

    Citations to this article as recorded by  
    • Influence of Apical Periodontitis on the Accuracy of 3 Electronic Root Canal Length Measurement Devices: An In Vivo Study
      Masoud Saatchi, Mohammad Ghasem Aminozarbian, Seyed Mohsen Hasheminia, Amin Mortaheb
      Journal of Endodontics.2014; 40(3): 355.     CrossRef

    • ePub LinkePub Link
    • Cite
      CITE
      export Copy Download
      Close
      Download Citation
      Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
      Format:
      • RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
      • BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software
      Include:
      • Citation for the content below
      In vivo evaluation of accuracy and consistency of two electronic apex locators
      J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2010;35(6):453-460.   Published online November 30, 2010
      DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.6.453
      Close
    • XML DownloadXML Download
    Figure
    • 0
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    In vivo evaluation of accuracy and consistency of two electronic apex locators
    Image Image Image Image Image
    Figure 1 Root ZX
    Figure 2 i-ROOT
    Figure 3 Length measurements with digital caliper.
    Figure 4 Distance between file tip and major foramen under I-solution program (Microscope image).
    Figure 5 Box plots: Quartile value of file tip and major foramen distance at 0.5 mark and the Apex mark.

    Figure 1

    Figure 2

    Figure 3

    Figure 4

    Figure 5

    In vivo evaluation of accuracy and consistency of two electronic apex locators

    Distance between file tip and major foramen at 0.5 mark and the Apex mark (mm), according to measurement Microscopic image
    Table 1 Distance between file tip and major foramen at 0.5 mark and the Apex mark (mm), according to measurement Microscopic image

    Table 1

    Restor Dent Endod : Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics
    © The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.
    Close layer
    TOP