Min-Chul Seo; Yoon-Jeong Jeon; In-Chol Kang; Dong-Jun Kim; Yun-Chan Hwang; In-Nam Hwang; Won-Mann Oh

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.3.179

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Original Article Effect of rotational speed of Protaper™ rotary file on the change of root canal configuration: Min-Chul Seo, Yoon-Jeong Jeon, In-Chol Kang¹, Dong-Jun Kim, Yun-Chan Hwang, In-Nam Hwang, Won-Mann Oh; 2006;31(3):-185.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.3.179
Published online: May 31, 2006

Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Korea.

¹Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Won-Mann Oh. Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National Universtiy, 8 Hak-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Korea, 501-757. Tel: 82-62-220-4431, Fax: 82-62-225-8387, wmoh@chonnam.ac.kr

• Received: October 13, 2005 • Revised: January 16, 2006 • Accepted: January 20, 2006

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate canal configuration after shaping by ProTaper™ with various rotational speed in J-shaped simulated resin canals.

Forty simulated root canals were divided into 4 groups, and instrumented using by ProTaper™ at the rotational speed of 250, 300, 350 and 400 rpm. Pre-instrumented and post-instrumented images were taken by a scanner and those were superimposed. Outer canal width, inner canal width, total canal width, and amount of transportation from original axis were measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 mm from apex. Instrumentation time, instrument deformation and fracture were recorded. Data were analyzed by means of one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's test.

The results were as follows
1. Regardless of rotational speed, at the 1~2 mm from the apex, axis of canal was transported to outer side of a curvature, and at 3~6 mm from the apex, to inner side of a curvature. Amounts of transportation from original axis were not significantly different among experimental groups except at 5 and 6 mm from the apex.
2. Instrumentation time of 350 and 400 rpm was significantly less than that of 250 and 300 rpm (p < 0.01).
In conclusion, the rotational speed of ProTaper™ files in the range of 250~400 rpm does not affect the change of canal configuration, and high rotational speed reduces the instrumentation time. However, appearance of separation and distortion of Ni-Ti rotary files can occur in high rotational speed.
Keywords: Rotational speed; Canal configuration; Image analysis

Figure 1

Pre-instrumentation image. Working length was 16 mm, the round circles were the landmark for getting the superimposed image.

Figure 2

The diagram indicates the points at which the canal width was measured after superimposition of pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation image.

Table 1

Mean values (± SD) of outer, inner, total canal width, and amount of transportation after shaping with various rotational speed (mm)

Minus value indicates that axis of canal was transported to inner side curvature after canal preparation.

The different letter means significant difference between groups (p < 0.05).

Table 2

Instrumentation time for the canal preparation with various rotational speed

^*^*: significant difference (p < 0.01).

REFERENCES

1. Weine FS, Kelly RF, Lio PJ. The effect of preparation procedure on original canal shape and on apical foramen shape. J Endod. 1975;1: 255-262.PubMed
2. Schilder H. Cleaning and shaping the root canal. Dent Clin North Am. 1974;18: 269-296.Article PubMed
3. Skidmore AE, Bjorndal AM. Root canal morphology of the human mandibular first molar. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1971;32: 778-784.Article PubMed
4. Abou-Rass M, Frank AL, Glick DH. The anticurvature filing method to prepare the curved root canal. J Am Dent Assoc. 1980;101: 792-794.Article PubMed
5. Bramante CM, Berbert A, Borges RP. A methodology for evaluation of root canal instrument. J Endod. 1987;13: 243-245.PubMed
6. Walia H, Brantley WA, Gerstein H. An initial investigation of the bending and torsional properties of nitinol root canal files. J Endod. 1988;14: 346-351.PubMed
7. Stoeckel D, Yu W. Superelastic Ni-Ti wire. Wire J Int. 1991;3: 45-50.
8. Glossen CR, Haller RH, Dove SB, del Rio CE. A comparison of root canal preparations using Ni-Ti hand, Ni-Ti engine-driven, and K-Flex endodontic instruments. J Endod. 1995;21: 146-151.Article PubMed
9. Thompson SA, Dummer PMH. Shaping ability of Hero 642 rotary nickel-titanium instruments in simulated root canals: Part 1. Int Endod J. 2000;33: 248-254.Article PubMed
10. Park HS, Lee MK, Kim JJ, Lim YJ, Jang MS, Lee JY. A study on the shape of a canal prepared with 'three-file' technique in a curved canal. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2000;25: 494-497.
11. Coleman CL, Svec TA. Analysis of Ni-Ti versus stainless steel instrumentation in resin simulated canals. J Endod. 1997;23: 232-235.Article PubMed
12. Kim YT, Baek SH, Bae KS, Lim SS, Yoon SH. A comparison of three stainless steel instruments in the preparation of curved root canals in vitro. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2001;26: 9-15.
13. Esposito PT, Cunningham CJ. A comparison of canal preparation with Nickel-Titanium and Stainless steel instruments. J Endod. 1995;21: 173-176.Article PubMed
14. Bolanos OR, Jensen JR. Scanning electron microscope comparison of the efficacy of various methods of root canal prparation. J Endod. 1980;6: 815-821.PubMed
15. Calhoun G, Mongomery S. The effects of four instrumentation technique on root canal shape. J Endod. 1988;14: 273-277.PubMed
16. Dummer PMH, Alodeh MHA. A method for the construction of simulated root canals in clear resin blocks. Int Endod J. 1991;24: 63-66.Article PubMed
17. Kum KY, Spangberg L, Cha BY, Jung IY, Lee SJ, Lee CY. Shaping ability of three ProFile rotary instrumentation techniques in simulated resin root canals. J Endod. 2000;26: 719-723.Article PubMed
18. Peters OA, Peter CI, Schonenberger K, Barbaknow F. ProTaper rotary root canal preparation: effects of canal anatomy on final shape analysed by micro CT. Int Endod J. 2003;36: 86-92.PubMed
19. Veltri M, Mollo A, Pini PP, Ghelli LF, Balleri P. In vitro comparison of shaping abilities of ProTaper and GT rotary files. J Endod. 2004;30: 163-166.Article PubMed
20. Yun HH, Kim SK. A comparison of the shaping abilities of 4 nickel-titanium rotary instruments in simulated root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003;95: 228-233.Article PubMed
21. Koch K, Brave D. The ultimate rotary file? Oral Health March. 2002;59-64.
22. Iqbal MK, Firic S, Tulcan J, Karabucak B, Kim S. Comparison of apical transportation between ProFile and ProTaper NiTi rotary instruments. Int Endod J. 2004;37: 359-364.PubMed
23. Karagoz-Kucukay I, Ersev H, Engin-Akkoca E, Kucukay S, Gursoy T. Effect of rotational speed on root canal preparation with Hero 642 rotary Ni-Ti instruments. J Endod. 2003;29: 447-449.Article PubMed
24. Poulsen WB, Dove SB, Del Rio CE. Effect of nickel-titanium engine-driven instrument rotational speed on root canal morphology. J Endod. 1995;21: 609-612.Article PubMed
25. Calberson FL, Deroose CA, Hommez GM, De Moor RJ. Shaping ability of ProTaper™ nickel-titanium files in simulated resin root canals. Int Endod J. 2004;37: 613-623.Article PubMed
26. Dietz DB, Di Fiore PM, Bahcall JK, Lautenschlager EP. Effect of rotational speed on the breakage of nickel-titanium rotary files. J Endod. 2000;26: 68-71.PubMed
27. Gabel WP, Hoen M, Steiman HR, Pink FE, Dietz R. Effect of rotational speed on nickel-titanium file distortion. J Endod. 1999;25: 752-754.Article PubMed

Tables & Figures

Figure 1

Pre-instrumentation image. Working length was 16 mm, the round circles were the landmark for getting the superimposed image.

Figure 2

The diagram indicates the points at which the canal width was measured after superimposition of pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation image.

Table 1

Mean values (± SD) of outer, inner, total canal width, and amount of transportation after shaping with various rotational speed (mm)

Minus value indicates that axis of canal was transported to inner side curvature after canal preparation.

The different letter means significant difference between groups (p < 0.05).

Table 2

Instrumentation time for the canal preparation with various rotational speed

^*^*: significant difference (p < 0.01).

REFERENCES

1. Weine FS, Kelly RF, Lio PJ. The effect of preparation procedure on original canal shape and on apical foramen shape. J Endod. 1975;1: 255-262.PubMed
2. Schilder H. Cleaning and shaping the root canal. Dent Clin North Am. 1974;18: 269-296.Article PubMed
3. Skidmore AE, Bjorndal AM. Root canal morphology of the human mandibular first molar. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1971;32: 778-784.Article PubMed
4. Abou-Rass M, Frank AL, Glick DH. The anticurvature filing method to prepare the curved root canal. J Am Dent Assoc. 1980;101: 792-794.Article PubMed
5. Bramante CM, Berbert A, Borges RP. A methodology for evaluation of root canal instrument. J Endod. 1987;13: 243-245.PubMed
6. Walia H, Brantley WA, Gerstein H. An initial investigation of the bending and torsional properties of nitinol root canal files. J Endod. 1988;14: 346-351.PubMed
7. Stoeckel D, Yu W. Superelastic Ni-Ti wire. Wire J Int. 1991;3: 45-50.
8. Glossen CR, Haller RH, Dove SB, del Rio CE. A comparison of root canal preparations using Ni-Ti hand, Ni-Ti engine-driven, and K-Flex endodontic instruments. J Endod. 1995;21: 146-151.Article PubMed
9. Thompson SA, Dummer PMH. Shaping ability of Hero 642 rotary nickel-titanium instruments in simulated root canals: Part 1. Int Endod J. 2000;33: 248-254.Article PubMed
10. Park HS, Lee MK, Kim JJ, Lim YJ, Jang MS, Lee JY. A study on the shape of a canal prepared with 'three-file' technique in a curved canal. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2000;25: 494-497.
11. Coleman CL, Svec TA. Analysis of Ni-Ti versus stainless steel instrumentation in resin simulated canals. J Endod. 1997;23: 232-235.Article PubMed
12. Kim YT, Baek SH, Bae KS, Lim SS, Yoon SH. A comparison of three stainless steel instruments in the preparation of curved root canals in vitro. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2001;26: 9-15.
13. Esposito PT, Cunningham CJ. A comparison of canal preparation with Nickel-Titanium and Stainless steel instruments. J Endod. 1995;21: 173-176.Article PubMed
14. Bolanos OR, Jensen JR. Scanning electron microscope comparison of the efficacy of various methods of root canal prparation. J Endod. 1980;6: 815-821.PubMed
15. Calhoun G, Mongomery S. The effects of four instrumentation technique on root canal shape. J Endod. 1988;14: 273-277.PubMed
16. Dummer PMH, Alodeh MHA. A method for the construction of simulated root canals in clear resin blocks. Int Endod J. 1991;24: 63-66.Article PubMed
17. Kum KY, Spangberg L, Cha BY, Jung IY, Lee SJ, Lee CY. Shaping ability of three ProFile rotary instrumentation techniques in simulated resin root canals. J Endod. 2000;26: 719-723.Article PubMed
18. Peters OA, Peter CI, Schonenberger K, Barbaknow F. ProTaper rotary root canal preparation: effects of canal anatomy on final shape analysed by micro CT. Int Endod J. 2003;36: 86-92.PubMed
19. Veltri M, Mollo A, Pini PP, Ghelli LF, Balleri P. In vitro comparison of shaping abilities of ProTaper and GT rotary files. J Endod. 2004;30: 163-166.Article PubMed
20. Yun HH, Kim SK. A comparison of the shaping abilities of 4 nickel-titanium rotary instruments in simulated root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003;95: 228-233.Article PubMed
21. Koch K, Brave D. The ultimate rotary file? Oral Health March. 2002;59-64.
22. Iqbal MK, Firic S, Tulcan J, Karabucak B, Kim S. Comparison of apical transportation between ProFile and ProTaper NiTi rotary instruments. Int Endod J. 2004;37: 359-364.PubMed
23. Karagoz-Kucukay I, Ersev H, Engin-Akkoca E, Kucukay S, Gursoy T. Effect of rotational speed on root canal preparation with Hero 642 rotary Ni-Ti instruments. J Endod. 2003;29: 447-449.Article PubMed
24. Poulsen WB, Dove SB, Del Rio CE. Effect of nickel-titanium engine-driven instrument rotational speed on root canal morphology. J Endod. 1995;21: 609-612.Article PubMed
25. Calberson FL, Deroose CA, Hommez GM, De Moor RJ. Shaping ability of ProTaper™ nickel-titanium files in simulated resin root canals. Int Endod J. 2004;37: 613-623.Article PubMed
26. Dietz DB, Di Fiore PM, Bahcall JK, Lautenschlager EP. Effect of rotational speed on the breakage of nickel-titanium rotary files. J Endod. 2000;26: 68-71.PubMed
27. Gabel WP, Hoen M, Steiman HR, Pink FE, Dietz R. Effect of rotational speed on nickel-titanium file distortion. J Endod. 1999;25: 752-754.Article PubMed

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An evaluation of rotational stability in endodontic electronic motors
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Effect of rotational speed of Protaper™ rotary file on the change of root canal configuration

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2006;31(3):179-185. Published online May 31, 2006

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.3.179

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Figure

Effect of rotational speed of Protaper™ rotary file on the change of root canal configuration

Figure 1 Pre-instrumentation image. Working length was 16 mm, the round circles were the landmark for getting the superimposed image.

Figure 2 The diagram indicates the points at which the canal width was measured after superimposition of pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation image.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Effect of rotational speed of Protaper™ rotary file on the change of root canal configuration

Table 1

Mean values (± SD) of outer, inner, total canal width, and amount of transportation after shaping with various rotational speed (mm)

Minus value indicates that axis of canal was transported to inner side curvature after canal preparation.

The different letter means significant difference between groups (p < 0.05).

Table 2

Instrumentation time for the canal preparation with various rotational speed

^*^*: significant difference (p < 0.01).

Table 1 Mean values (± SD) of outer, inner, total canal width, and amount of transportation after shaping with various rotational speed (mm)

Minus value indicates that axis of canal was transported to inner side curvature after canal preparation.

The different letter means significant difference between groups (p < 0.05).

Table 2 Instrumentation time for the canal preparation with various rotational speed

^*^*: significant difference (p < 0.01).