Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Research Articles

Effect of irrigation protocols on smear layer removal, bond strength and nanoleakage of fiber posts using a self-adhesive resin cement: Rodrigo Stadler Alessi, Renata Terumi Jitumori, Bruna Fortes Bittencourt, Giovana Mongruel Gomes, João Carlos Gomes; Restor Dent Endod 2023;48(3):e28. Published online July 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e28

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the application method of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and its influence on the adhesion of fiberglass posts cemented with a self-adhesive resin cement.

Materials and Methods

Sixty human mandibular premolars were endodontically treated and divided into 5 groups (n = 12), according to the canal irrigant and its application method: 2 groups with conventional syringe irrigation (CSI)—2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (control) and 2% CHX— and 3 groups with 2% CHX irrigation/activation—by passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Easy Clean file, and XP-Endo Finisher file. Two roots per group were evaluated for smear layer (SL) removal by scanning electron microscopy. For other roots, fiber posts were luted using a self-adhesive resin cement. The roots were sectioned into 6 slices for push-out bond strength (BS) (7/group) and nanoleakage (NL) (3/group). Data from SL removal were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls tests (α = 0.05). Data from BS and NL were evaluated by 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05).

Results

For SL removal and BS, the CHX irrigation/activation promoted better values than CSI with CHX (p < 0.05), but it was not significantly different from CSI with NaOCl (p > 0.05). For NL, the lowest values were obtained by the chlorhexidine irrigation/activation groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Active 2% CHX irrigation can be used to improve the post space cleaning and adhesion before fiber post cementation with self-adhesive resin cements.

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Laser‐Activated Irrigation via Photon‐Induced Photoacoustic Streaming and Shock Wave Enhanced Emission on Smear Layer Removal Efficacy, Pushout Bond Strength, and Sealer Adaptation: A SEM Assessment
Basil Almutairi, Fahad Alkhudhairy
Microscopy Research and Technique.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of Microleakage Using Different Luting Cements in Kedo Zirconia Crowns: An In Vitro Assessment
Guru Vishnu, Ganesh Jeevanandan
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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The use of auxiliary devices during irrigation to increase the cleaning ability of a chelating agent: Marina Carvalho Prado, Fernanda Leal, Renata Antoun Simão, Heloisa Gusman, Maíra do Prado; Restor Dent Endod 2017;42(2):105-110. Published online February 3, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2017.42.2.105

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Objectives

This study investigated the cleaning ability of ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI) and a novel activation system with reciprocating motion (EC, EasyClean, Easy Equipamentos Odontológicos) when used with a relatively new chelating agent (QMix, Dentsply). In addition, the effect of QMix solution when used for a shorter (1 minute) and a longer application time (3 minutes) was investigated.

Materials and Methods

Fifty permanent human teeth were prepared with K3 rotary system and 6% sodium hypochlorite. Samples were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10) according to the final irrigation protocol: G1, negative control (distilled water); G2, positive control (QMix 1 minute); G3, QMix 1 minute/UAI; G4, QMix 1 minute/EC; G5, QMix 3 minutes. Subsequently the teeth were prepared and three photomicrographs were obtained in each root third of root walls, by scanning electron microscopy. Two blinded and pre-calibrated examiners evaluated the images using a four-category scoring system. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p < 0.05).

Results

There were differences among groups (p < 0.05). UAI showed better cleaning ability than EC (p < 0.05). There were improvements when QMix was used with auxiliary devices in comparison with conventional irrigation (p < 0.05). Conventional irrigation for 3 minutes presented significantly better results than its use for 1 minute (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

QMix should be used for 1 minute when it is used with UAI, since this final irrigation protocol showed the best performance and also allowed clinical optimization of this procedure.

Citations

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Comparative Evaluation of Different Methods of Activation of Chelating Solution for Smear Layer Removal in the Apical Portion of the Root Canal Using a Scanning Electron Microscopy: An In Vitro Study
Mrunal B Alhat, Sudha B Mattigatti, Rushikesh R Mahaparale, Kapil D Wahane, Apoorva Jadhav
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The Impact of Laser-Activated and Conventional Irrigation Techniques on Sealer Penetration into Dentinal Tubules
Dilara Koruk, Fatma Basmacı, Dilan Kırmızı, Umut Aksoy
Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery.2022; 40(8): 565. CrossRef
Utilização dos atuais métodos de agitação de soluções endodônticas no canal radicular
Lívia Rodrigues Schneider, Larissa Giovanella
Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento.2022; : 135. CrossRef
Smear layer removal by passive ultrasonic irrigation and 2 new mechanical methods for activation of the chelating solution
Ricardo Machado, Isadora da Silva, Daniel Comparin, Bianca Araujo Marques de Mattos, Luiz Rômulo Alberton, Ulisses Xavier da Silva Neto
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Proteomic analysis of human dental pulp in different clinical diagnosis
Poliana Amanda Oliveira Silva, Stella Maris de Freitas Lima, Mirna de Souza Freire, André Melro Murad, Octávio Luiz Franco, Taia Maria Berto Rezende
Clinical Oral Investigations.2021; 25(5): 3285. CrossRef
Effect of QMix irrigant in removal of smear layer in root canal system: a systematic review of in vitro studies
Margaret Soo Yee Chia, Abhishek Parolia, Benjamin Syek Hur Lim, Jayakumar Jayaraman, Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes Porto
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of 17% EDTA and QMiX ultrasonic activation on smear layer removal and sealer penetration: ex vivo study
Felipe de Souza Matos, Fabrício Rutz da Silva, Luiz Renato Paranhos, Camilla Christian Gomes Moura, Eduardo Bresciani, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Micro-CT evaluation of different final irrigation protocols on the removal of hard-tissue debris from isthmus-containing mesial root of mandibular molars
Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, Carla Rodrigues Carvalho, Felipe Gonçalves Belladonna, Marina Carvalho Prado, Ricardo Tadeu Lopes, Gustavo De-Deus, Edson Jorge Lima Moreira
Clinical Oral Investigations.2019; 23(2): 681. CrossRef

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Antibacterial effect of urushiol on E. faecalis as a root canal irrigant: Sang-Wan Kim, Dong-Hoon Shin; Restor Dent Endod 2017;42(1):54-59. Published online January 25, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2017.42.1.54

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Objectives

The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial activity of urushiol against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) to that of NaOCl.

Materials and Methods

The canals of thirty two single rooted human teeth were instrumented with Ni-Ti files (ProTaper Next X1, X2, X3, Dentsply). A pure culture of E. faecalis ATCC 19433 was prepared in sterile brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. The teeth were submerged in the suspension of E. faecalis and were incubated at 37℃ for 7 days to allow biofilm formation. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups according to the irrigant used, and a negative control group where no irrigant was used (n = 8). Group 1 used physiologic normal saline, group 2 used 6% NaOCl, and group 3 used 10 wt% urushiol solution. After canal irrigation, each sample was collected by the sequential placement of 2 sterile paper points (ProTaper NEXT paper points, size X3, Dentsply). Ten-fold serial dilutions on each vials, and 100 µL were cultured on a BHI agar plate for 8 hours, and colony forming unit (CFU) analysis was done. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-whitney U tests.

Results

Saline group exhibited no difference in the CFU counts with control group, while NaOCl and urushiol groups showed significantly less CFU counts than saline and control groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The result of this study suggests 10% urushiol and 6% NaOCl solution had powerful antibacterial activity against E. faecalis when they were used as root canal irrigants.

Citations

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Antimicrobial efficacy of natural-based endodontic solutions: a systematic review with a network meta-analysis
Danilo Cassiano FERRAZ, Anahi de Paula MELO, Felipe de Souza MATOS, Luiz Renato PARANHOS, Camilla Christian Gomes MOURA, Cauane BLUMENBERG, Juliane Maria GUERREIRO-TANOMARU, Mário TANOMARU-FILHO
Brazilian Oral Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Irrigants and irrigation activation systems in Endodontics
Brenda P. F. A. Gomes, Emelly Aveiro, Anil Kishen
Brazilian Dental Journal.2023; 34(4): 1. CrossRef
Effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite gel and solutions in endodontics: A systematic review
Sourabh Barbhi, SR Srinidhi, Rajesh Shetty, Poonam Joshi, Vini Mehta, Sanket Aras
Endodontology.2023; 35(4): 290. CrossRef
Antibiofilm activity of phytochemicals against Enterococcus faecalis: A literature review
Islam A. A. Ali, Prasanna Neelakantan
Phytotherapy Research.2022; 36(7): 2824. CrossRef
Chemical compounds Anti-bacterial of Citrus aurantifolia Ethanol Extract to Inhibit the Early Biofilm Formation and Growth of Enterococcus faecalis Root Canal Isolate
Nur Asmah, Dewi Fatma Suniarti, Endang Winiati Bachtiar, Dewi Angraini Margono, Basri A. Gani
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology.2022; : 2667. CrossRef
Antibacterial efficacy of silver diamine fluoride as a root canal irrigant
Ebtissam M. Al‐Madi, Manar A. Al‐Jamie, Noura M. Al‐Owaid, Amal A. Almohaimede, Albandary M. Al‐Owid
Clinical and Experimental Dental Research.2019; 5(5): 551. CrossRef

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Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Ferula gummosa plant essential oil compared to NaOCl and CHX: a preliminary in vitro study: Abbas Abbaszadegan, Ahmad Gholami, Hosein Mirhadi, Mina Saliminasab, Aboozar Kazemi, Mahmood Reza Moein; Restor Dent Endod 2015;40(1):50-57. Published online December 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.1.50

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Objectives

The usage of medicinal plants as natural antimicrobial agents has grown in many fields including dental medicine. The aim of this in vitro study was three-fold: (i) to determine the chemical compositions of the Ferula gummosa essential oil (FGEO), (ii) to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of the oil with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX), (iii) to assess the toxic behavior of FGEO in different concentrations compared to 5% NaOCl and 0.2% CHX.

Materials and Methods

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to determine the chemical compositions of the oil. The disk diffusion method and a broth micro-dilution susceptibility assay were exploited to assess the antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mitis, and Candida albicans. The cytocompatibility of the FGEO was assessed on L929 fibroblasts, and compared to that of NaOCl and CHX.

Results

Twenty-seven constituents were recognized in FGEO. The major component of the oil was β-pinene (51.83%). All three irrigants significantly inhibited the growth of all examined microorganisms compared to the negative control group. FGEO at 50 µg/mL was effective in lower concentration against Enterococcus faecalis than 5% NaOCl and 0.2% CHX, and was also more potent than 0.2% CHX against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. FGEO was a cytocompatible solution, and had significantly lower toxicity compared to 5% NaOCl and 0.2% CHX.

Conclusions

FGEO showed a promising biological potency as a root canal disinfectant. More investigations are required on the effectiveness of this oil on intracanal bacterial biofilms.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Isolation, characterization and control of Botrytis spp. pathogenic on strawberry in Iran
Fatemeh Maghsoodi, Parissa Taheri, Saeed Tarighi
Heliyon.2025; 11(2): e42037. CrossRef
Research methods assessing sodium hypochlorite cytotoxicity: A scoping review
Hernán Coaguila-Llerena, Luana Raphael da Silva, Gisele Faria
Heliyon.2024; 10(1): e23060. CrossRef
Comparison the effect of Ferula gummosa and Chlorhexidine on dental cariogenic bacteria
bahareh nazemi salman, ali Yazdi Nejad, fakhri haghi, mahtab Mohammadi Gheydari, samira basir shabestari
journal of research in dental sciences.2024; 21(2): 125. CrossRef
Use of irrigating substances of natural origin in Endodontics
Yoneisy Abraham-Millán, Rosa María Montano-Silva, Yaima Pupo-Martínez
Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias.2023; 2: 591. CrossRef
Comparison effects of Ferula gummosa essential oil and Beta-pinene Alginate nanoparticles on human melanoma and breast cancer cells proliferation and apoptotic index in short term normobaric hyperoxic model
Mahmoud Osanloo, Somayyeh Pishamad, Ali ghanbariasad, Elham Zarenezhad, Media Alipanah, Hiva Alipanah
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A promising insight into the inhibition of lipid oxidation, protein degradation and biogenic amine accumulation in postmortem fish: Functional glazing layers of modified bio-polymer
Xiaodan Hui, Yu Wan, Hao Dong, Jian Peng, Weiliang Wu, Xingfen Yang, Qi He
LWT.2023; 177: 114575. CrossRef
Efficacy of hypochlorous acid as an alternative oral antimicrobial agent on human gingival fibroblasts, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , and Candida albicans biofilms in vitro
Gözdem Bayraktar, Ayşe Mine Yılmaz Göler, Burak Aksu, Hafize Öztürk Özener
Biofouling.2023; 39(9-10): 980. CrossRef
Molecular Docking and Antibacterial Assessment of Monocyclic β‐Lactams against Broad‐Spectrum and Nosocomial Multidrug‐Resistant Pathogens
Elham Riazimontazer, Roghayeh Heiran, Aliasghar Jarrahpour, Ahmad Gholami, Zahra Hashemi, Aboozar Kazemi
ChemistrySelect.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics of chitosan and galbanum gum composite coating incorporated with cumin essential oil on the shelf life of chicken fillets
Leila Aghababaei, Maryam Hasani, Peyman Mahasti Shotorbani, Afshin Akhondzadeh Basti, Hassan Hamedi
Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization.2022; 16(3): 1820. CrossRef
Assessing edible composite coating of sodium alginate–galbanum gum impregnated with nettle extract on improving the shelf life of rainbow trout fillet
Maliheh Zarandi, Maryam Hasani, Peyman Mahasti Shotorbani, Afshin Akhondzadeh Basti, Hassan Hamedi
Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization.2022; 16(4): 2556. CrossRef
Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils against Oral Pathogens
Thaís A. S. Oliveira, Mariana B. Santiago, Valmore H. P. Santos, Eliane O. Silva, Carlos H. G. Martins, Antônio E. M. Crotti
Chemistry & Biodiversity.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Metabolic Profile, Bioactivities, and Variations in the Chemical Constituents of Essential Oils of the Ferula Genus (Apiaceae)
Priyankaraj Sonigra, Mukesh Meena
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Cytotoxicity and Gene Expression Changes of a Novel Homeopathic Antiseptic Oral Rinse in Comparison to Chlorhexidine in Gingival Fibroblasts
Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi, Benoit Schaller, Michael A. Pikos, Anton Sculean, Richard J. Miron
Materials.2020; 13(14): 3190. CrossRef
Current herbal medicine as an alternative treatment in dentistry: In vitro, in vivo and clinical studies
Ehsan Tafazoli Moghadam, Mohsen Yazdanian, Elahe Tahmasebi, Hamid Tebyanian, Reza Ranjbar, Alireza Yazdanian, Alexander Seifalian, Ali Tafazoli
European Journal of Pharmacology.2020; 889: 173665. CrossRef
A review of Ferula species: Biochemical characteristics, pharmaceutical and industrial applications, and suggestions for biotechnologists
Maryam Salehi, Mohammad Reza Naghavi, Moslem Bahmankar
Industrial Crops and Products.2019; 139: 111511. CrossRef
Investigation effects of extracted compounds from shell and cluster of pistachio nut on the inactivation of free radicals
Morteza Mohammadi, Mohammad Ghorbani, Adel Beigbabaei, Samira Yeganehzad, Alireza Sadeghi-Mahoonak
Heliyon.2019; 5(9): e02438. CrossRef
Effect of Irrigation Time of Antiseptic Solutions on Bone Cell Viability and Growth Factor Release
Kosaku Sawada, Ken Nakahara, Maiko Haga-Tsujimura, Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi, Tateyuki Iizuka, Richard J. Miron
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery.2018; 29(2): 376. CrossRef
Mining Ferula gummosa transcriptome to identify miRNAs involved in the regulation and biosynthesis of terpenes
Ahmad Sobhani Najafabadi, Mohammad Reza Naghavi
Gene.2018; 645: 41. CrossRef
Effectiveness of Persea major Kopp (Lauraceae) extract against Enterococcus faecalis: a preliminary in vitro study
Lusiane Volpato, Marilisa Carneiro Leão Gabardo, Denise Piotto Leonardi, Paulo Henrique Tomazinho, Leila Teresinha Maranho, Flares Baratto-Filho
BMC Research Notes.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate, an Antibacterial Cross-linking Agent, on Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells Cultured in Collagen Scaffolds
Young-Sun Kwon, Hee-Jin Kim, Yun-Chan Hwang, Vinicius Rosa, Mi-Kyung Yu, Kyung-San Min
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A novel bioactive edible coating based on sodium alginate and galbanum gum incorporated with essential oil of Ziziphora persica: The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, and application in food model
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Food Hydrocolloids.2017; 72: 35. CrossRef
Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Calcium Hydroxide, and Triple Antibiotic Paste as Root Canal Dressing Materials
Abbas Abbaszadegan, Sahar Dadolahi, Ahmad Gholami, Mahmoud Reza Moein, Shahram Hamedani, Younes Ghasemi, Paul Vincent Abbott
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2016; 17(2): 105. CrossRef
Natural Therapeutic Options in Endodontics - A Review
Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu, Suresh Anand, Mohan Abarajithan, Sultan O. Sheriff, Pulikkotil S. Jacob, Nath Sonia
The Open Dentistry Journal.2016; 10(1): 214. CrossRef
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Mohaddese Mahboubi
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Effects of Antiseptic Solutions Commonly Used in Dentistry on Bone Viability, Bone Morphology, and Release of Growth Factors
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Antiseptic solutions modulate the paracrine‐like activity of bone chips: differential impact of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite
Kosaku Sawada, Jordi Caballé‐Serrano, Dieter D. Bosshardt, Benoit Schaller, Richard J. Miron, Daniel Buser, Reinhard Gruber
Journal of Clinical Periodontology.2015; 42(9): 883. CrossRef
Tributyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride for biofouling control in reverse osmosis processes
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Accuracy of Root ZX in teeth with simulated root perforation in the presence of gel or liquid type endodontic irrigant: Hyeong-Soon Shin, Won-Kyung Yang, Mi-Ri Kim, Hyun-Jung Ko, Kyung-Mo Cho, Se-Hee Park, Jin-Woo Kim; Restor Dent Endod 2012;37(3):149-154. Published online August 29, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2012.37.3.149

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

To evaluate the accuracy of the Root ZX in teeth with simulated root perforation in the presence of gel or liquid type endodontic irrigants, such as saline, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine liquid, 2% chlorhexidine gel, and RC-Prep, and also to determine the electrical conductivities of these endodontic irrigants.

Materials and Methods

A root perforation was simulated on twenty freshly extracted teeth by means of a small perforation made on the proximal surface of the root at 4 mm from the anatomic apex. Root ZX was used to locate root perforation and measure the electronic working lengths. The results obtained were compared with the actual working length (AWL) and the actual location of perforations (AP), allowing tolerances of 0.5 or 1.0 mm. Measurements within these limits were considered as acceptable. Chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate significance. Electrical conductivities of each irrigant were also measured with an electrical conductivity tester.

Results

The accuracies of the Root ZX in perforated teeth were significantly different between liquid types (saline, NaOCl) and gel types (chlorhexidine gel, RC-Prep). The accuracies of electronic working lengths in perforated teeth were higher in gel types than in liquid types. The accuracy in locating root perforation was higher in liquid types than gel types. 5.25% NaOCl had the highest electrical conductivity, whereas 2% chlorhexidine gel and RC-Prep gel had the lowest electrical conductivities among the five irrigants.

Conclusions

Different canal irrigants with different electrical conductivities may affect the accuracy of the Root ZX in perforated teeth.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effect of Different Electroconductive Root Canal Irrigations on the Accuracy of Different Apex Locators: An In Vitro Comparative Study
Eman M. Yahya, Ashraf S. Alchalabi, Emad Farhan Alkhalidi
Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.2024; 14(3): 211. CrossRef
The precision of radiographic and electronic working length estimation methods in endodontics: A systematic review of clinical studies
Anithakumari Rangappa, Buvaneshwari Arul, Jayalakshmi Somasundaram, Velmurugan Natanasabapathy
Endodontology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative evaluation of the accuracy of electronic apex locators and cone-beam computed tomography in detection of root canal perforation and working length during endodontic retreatment
Simay Koç, Hatice Harorlı, Alper Kuştarcı
BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative Accuracy and Reliability of Three Electronic Apex Locators in Determining the Apical Constriction of Molar Canals: A Micro-CT Evaluation
Reem M. Barakat, Rahaf A. Almohareb, Arwa O. Alharbi, Asma Alhazmi, Reem Alomar
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(17): 5199. CrossRef
Accuracy of the integrated electronic apex locator in locating simulated perforation under various irrigating solutions in an in vitro study
Chintan Joshi, Surabhi Joshi, Urooj Desai, Sweety Thumar, Aashray Patel, Ankita Khunt
Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences.2024; 23: e241118. CrossRef
The Accuracy of Different Apex Locator Systems in Detecting Root Perforations in the Presence of Different Irrigation Solutions
Oğuz Burhan Çetinkaya, Emre Çulha, Uğur Aydın
European Journal of Therapeutics.2023; 30(1): 39. CrossRef
In Vitro Comparison of the Accuracy of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scanning and Electronic Apex Locators in Detection of Simulated Root Perforations in Different Localizations
Hatice Harorlı, Simay Koç, Alper Kuştarcı
Journal of Endodontics.2023; 49(12): 1676. CrossRef
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Simay Koç, Alper Kuştarcı, Kürşat Er
Australian Endodontic Journal.2023; 49(S1): 179. CrossRef
The influence of MTAD and QMix on the accuracy of electronic apex locator in locating simulated perforations
A Dumani, AA Ates, CS Ucan, S Yilmaz, I Unal, O Yoldas
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Synthesis and evaluation of grafted xanthan gum as a drug carrier in developing lornoxicam gel formulations
SandipAshok Murtale, PrakashS Goudanavar, NRaghavendra Naveen, WalaaF Alsanie, Majid Alhomrani, AbdulhakeemS Alamri, SyedMohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, MdKhalid Anwer, Nagaraja Sreeharsha, MazenAl Gharsan, Santosh Fattepur
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Ayşin DUMANİ, Şehnaz YILMAZ, Oğuz YOLDAŞ, Güray KILINÇÇEKER
Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi.2022; : 1. CrossRef
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Padmanabh Jha, Vineeta Nikhil, Shalya Raj, Rohit Ravinder, Preeti Mishra
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Comparative Evaluation of Accuracy of Different Apex Locators: Propex IQ, Raypex 6, Root ZX, and Apex ID with CBCT and Periapical Radiograph—In Vitro Study
Okba Mahmoud, Mawada Hassan Awad Abdelmagied, Ahmad Hisham Dandashi, Bakr Nssaief Jasim, Hussam Alddin Tawfik Kayali, Saaid Al Shehadat, Luca Testarelli
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Hiroo Tarao, Masatake Akutagawa, Takahiro Emoto, Amane Takei, Hiromichi Yumoto, Toshihiko Tominaga, Toshitaka Ikehara, Yosuke Kinouchi
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Confort visual en oficinas, factor temporal en la evaluación de deslumbramiento
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BMC Oral Health.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficiency of an integrated apex locator in determining working length in various irrigating solutions: An in vivo study
RakeshReddy Chukka, MalatiDevi Bellam, NarenderReddy Marukala, Sainath Dinapadu, NareshKumar Konda, Jithender Nagilla
Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences.2020; 12(5): 410. CrossRef
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MonishaParshotam Khatri, SheetalB Ghivari, Madhu Pujar, Reshma Faras, Pallavi Gopeshetti, Amulya Vanti
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The Influence of Various Irrigants on the Accuracy of 2 Electronic Apex Locators in Locating Simulated Root Perforations
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Journal of Endodontics.2017; 43(3): 439. CrossRef
Accuracy and Repeatability of 3 Apex Locators in Locating Root Canal Perforations: An Ex Vivo Study
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Original Articles

Comparison of Antibacterial effect of Listerine® with Various root canal irrigants: Young Hun Kim, Min-Kyung Kang, Eun-Kyoung Choi, So-Young Yang, Inseok Yang, In-Chol Kang, Yun-Chan Hwang, In-Nam Hwang, Won-Mann Oh; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2009;34(6):500-507. Published online November 30, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.6.500

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The purpose of this study is to compare the antibacterial effect of Listerine® on two microorganisms (P. gingivalis and E. faecalis) with various root canal irrigants (NaOCl, CHX, EDTA) and to identify possibility of using Listerine® as a root canal irrigant. Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 3327 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 were used in this experiment. For the test irrigants, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5.25% NaOCl, 0.1%, 0.2%, 1%, 2% CHX, 0.5M EDTA (18.6% EDTA) and Listerine® were prepared. Distiled water was used as control. Two methods-1) Comparison of turbidity in broth and 2) Agar diffusion test-were used to determine the extent of antibacterial effect of Listerine® and to compare it with that of NaOCl, CHX, and EDTA. All solutions tested were effective against two bacterial strains compared with control (p<0.001). Any concentration of NaOCl, CHX, and EDTA showed similarly high effectiveness against all bacterial strains. In all experiment, Listerine® showed significantly low antibacterial effect compared with the other root canal irrigants (p<0.05).

In conclusion, the results reflect remarkably low antibacterial effect of Listerine® as compared with root canal irrigants in general so it is not suitable for the root canal irrigant.

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Evaluation of time-dependent antimicrobial effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) on Enterococcus faecalis in the root canal: Hye-Jeong Kim, Se-Hee Park, Kyung-Mo Cho, Jin-Woo Kim; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2007;32(2):121-129. Published online March 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.2.121

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The purpose of this study was to assess the antibacterial effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and chlorhexidine (CHX) on Enterococcus faecalis and to evaluate and to compare the time-dependant antimicrobial effect of NaDCC with NaOCl and CHX in the root canal in vitro before and after instrumentation.

Extracted human single teeth were prepared by serial instrumentation technique. The samples were autoclaved and contaminated for 3 days with E. faecalis monocultures. The teeth were then divided into 4 groups. Each group was irrigated and inserted with 2% NaOCl, 2% NaDCC, 2% CHX and sterilized saline. After 6, 12, 24, 72h, and 1 week incubation, sterilized paper point was inserted into the root canal. Paper points containing root canal contents were then placed on the agar plate. And then each root canal was prepared with #4 and #5 GG (Gates-Glidden) drill. The debris were collected in the sterilized microtube and the plates were incubated at 37℃ in an increased CO₂ atmosphere. After 24h incubation the growth of bacteria around the paper points were measured.

NaOCl and NaDCC solution shows similar antimicrobial effect for E. faecalis at 6, 12, 24, 72h and 1 week. In control group, irrigated with sterilized saline, no antimicrobial effect was observed.

The results are in agreement with other investigators, who have shown the bactericidal property and possibility of NaDCC as a root canal irrigation solution. Thus it seems that NaDCC solutions can be clinically applied into the root canal within 1 week after dilution.

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Pulmonary toxicity of sodium dichloroisocyanurate after intratracheal instillation in sprague-dawley rats
Jean Yoo, Haewon Kim, Yeon-Mi Lim, Byung-Il Yoon, Pilje Kim, Ig-Chun Eom, Ilseob Shim
Human & Experimental Toxicology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in endodontic infections: antibiotic resistance profile and susceptibility to photodynamic therapy
Ana Carolina Chipoletti Prado, Patrícia Pimentel De Barros, Jéssica Diane Dos Santos, Luciane Dias De Oliveira, Claudio Antônio Talge Carvalho, Marcia Carneiro Valera, Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge, Juliana Campos Junqueira
Lasers in Dental Science.2017; 1(2-4): 91. CrossRef
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Disease Control Efficacy of Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) Against Major Strawberry Diseases
Da-Ran Kim, Gun-Hye Gang, Hyun-Ji Cho, Hae-Suk Yoon, Youn-Sig Kwak
The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science.2015; 19(1): 47. CrossRef
Effect of Gamma Irradiation and Its Convergent Treatments on Lily Leaf Blight Pathogen, Botrytis elliptica, and the Disease Development
Ji-Hoon Kim, Sung-Chul Yun
Research in Plant Disease.2014; 20(2): 71. CrossRef
Microorganism penetration in dentinal tubules of instrumented and retreated root canal walls.In vitroSEM study
Saad Al-Nazhan, Alaa Al-Sulaiman, Fellwa Al-Rasheed, Fatimah Alnajjar, Bander Al-Abdulwahab, Abdulhakeem Al-Badah
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2014; 39(4): 258. CrossRef
Analysis of para-chloroaniline after chemical interaction between alexidine and sodium hypochlorite using mass spectrometry: A preliminary study
Hyeon-Sik Kim, Seung-Hyun Han, Soram Oh, Sang-Min Lim, Yu Gu, Kee-Yeon Kum
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(4): 295. CrossRef
The comparison of different canal irrigation methods to prevent reaction precipitate between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine
Moon-Sun Choi, Se-Hee Park, Kyung-Mo Cho, Jin-Woo Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(2): 80. CrossRef
Comparison of Antibacterial effect of Listerine® with Various root canal irrigants
Young Hun Kim, Min-Kyung Kang, Eun-Kyoung Choi, So-Young Yang, Inseok Yang, In-Chol Kang, Yun-Chan Hwang, In-Nam Hwang, Won-Mann Oh
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(6): 500. CrossRef
Evaluation ofEnterococcus faecalisremoval efficacy of the EndoVac® and EndoActivator® intracanal irrigation methods
Seung-Gon Song, Se-Hee Park, Kyung-Mo Cho, Jin-Woo Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(5): 390. CrossRef
The effect of MTAD as a final root canal irrigants on the coronal bacterial leakage of obturated root canals
Tae Woo Kim, Seok Woo Chang, Dong Sung Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2008; 33(4): 397. CrossRef

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The effect of MTAD on the apical leakage of obturated root canals: an electrochemical study: Dong-Sung Park; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2006;31(2):119-124. Published online March 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.2.119

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of newly developed endodontic root canal cleanser (MTAD) on the apical leakage of obturated root canal using an electrochemical method.

Canals of 60 extracted single-rooted human teeth were prepared by using a crown-down technique with rotary nickel-titanium files. In Group 1 (positive control group) and 2 (negative control group), 5.25% NaOCl was used as a canal irrigant and no canal wall treatment was done. In group 3, only 5.25% NaOCl were used as canal irrigant, canal wall treatment and final rinse. In group 4, specimens were irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl, treated with 5 ml of 17% EDTA for 5 minutes and final rinsed with 5.25% NaOCl. Specimens of group 5 were irrigated with 1.3% NaOCl and treated with 5 ml of MTAD for 5 minutes. All root canals are dried with paper points and obtuated with gutta-percha and AH plus as a sealer using a continuous wave of condensation technique except in the group 1. The electrical resistance between the standard and experimental electrodes in canals was measured over a period of 10 days. Rising of apical leakage with time was observed for all the groups. Group 4 and 5 showed lower apical leakage than group 3 but differences between the group 3, 4 and 5 were no statistical significance at any measurement time.

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Effect of soft chelating irrigation on the sealing ability of GP/AH Plus root fillings
Yi-Suk Yu, Tae-Gun Kim, Kwang-Won Lee, Mi-Kyung Yu
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(6): 484. CrossRef

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Evaluation of Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate as a root canal irrigation solution; Cl^- concentration, pH, Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial effect in vitro: Woo-Cheol Lee, Bong-Sun Kang, Cheol-Ho Kim, Ho-Hyun Son; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2003;28(5):425-430. Published online September 30, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2003.28.5.425

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical applications of the Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate effervescent tablet as a routine root canal irrigant by performing several in vitro tests such as Cl^- content, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial effect as well as its pH level compared to the equivalent concentration of sodium hypochlorite solution.

Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate demonstrated lower level of Cl^- concentation than each dilution of sodium hypochlorite solution. Both solution has increased level of Cl^- as the concentration of each solution increased. There was no significant change of Cl^- concentration in sodium hypochlorite as time goes by. However, Cl^- concentration in Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate was increased.

The antimicrobial effects of both solutions were increased when their concentrations were increased. One day after dilution, antimicrobial effect of Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate was slightly higher than sodium hypochlorite, however, there was no difference in 1 week dilution solution. One month dilution solution of sodium hypochlorite still retain its activity, but antimicrobial effect of Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate was drastically decreased 1 month after dilution.

The cytotoxicity of Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate was rather higher than same concentration of sodium hypochlorite solution until 1 week after dilution. Then in 1 month, cytotoxicity of Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate was decreased than that of 1 week dilution solution, especially 4% Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate solution has almost no toxicity. However, 1% and 2% sodium hypochlorite solution has unchanged moderate degree of cytotoxicity after the dilution. Furthermore, 4% sodium hypochlorite solution showed high level of toxicity.

The pH level of Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate showed that the solution was weak acid (pH5). On the other hand, sodium hypochlorite was revealed as a strong alkaline solution (pH12). There was no change in pH following the dilution of each solution.

As results, Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate solution fully satisfy the basic requirements as a root canal irrigation solution. However, we strongly recommend to use this solution clinically in low concentration and try to apply into the root canal within 1 week after dilution.

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Evaluation of time-dependent antimicrobial effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) onEnterococcus faecalisin the root canal
Hye-Jeong Kim, Se-Hee Park, Kyung-Mo Cho, Jin-Woo Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2007; 32(2): 121. CrossRef

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