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Research Article
Comparative evaluation of Emblica officinalis as an etchant and an MMP inhibitor with orthophosphoric acid and chlorhexidine on the microshear bond strength of composite resin: an ex vivo study
Divya Sangeetha Rajkumar, Annapoorna Ballagere Mariswamy
Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(3):e36.   Published online June 8, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e36
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate Emblica officinalis (Indian gooseberry or amla) as an acid etchant and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, and to compare its effect on the microshear bond strength of composite resin with orthophosphoric acid (OPA) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) as an acid etchant and MMP inhibitor, respectively.

Materials and Methods

The etching effect and MMP-inhibiting action of amla on dentin samples were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gelatin zymography, respectively. Dentinal slabs (3 mm thick) from 80 extracted human molars were divided into 10 and 20 samples to form 2 control groups and 3 experimental groups. Groups 1, 2, and 4 were etched with OPA and groups 3 and 5 with amla juice. An MMP inhibitor was then applied: CHX for group 2 and amla extract for groups 4 and 5. Groups 1 and 3 received no MMP inhibitor. All specimens received a standardized bonding protocol and composite resin build-up, and were subjected to microshear bond strength testing. The force at which the fracture occurred was recorded and statistically analyzed.

Results

Amla juice had a similar etching effect as a self-etch adhesive in SEM and 100% amla extract was found to inhibit MMP-9 by gelatin zymography. The microshear bond strength values of amla were lower than those obtained for OPA and CHX, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Amla has a promising role as an acid etchant and MMP inhibitor, but further studies are necessary to substantiate its efficacy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Eco-conscious synthesis of novel 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives as potent Anti-microbial agent and comparative study of cell viability and cytotoxicity in HEK-293 cell line utilizing Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) fruit extract
    Bhaktiben R. Bhatt, Kamalkishor Pandey, Tarosh Patel, Anupama Modi, Chandani Halpani, Vaibhav D. Bhatt, Bharat C. Dixit
    Bioorganic Chemistry.2024; 153: 107936.     CrossRef
  • Cell mediated ECM-degradation as an emerging tool for anti-fibrotic strategy
    Peng Zhao, Tian Sun, Cheng Lyu, Kaini Liang, Yanan Du
    Cell Regeneration.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Insight into the development of versatile dentin bonding agents to increase the durability of the bonding interface
    Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes Porto, Teresa de Lisieux Guedes Ferreira Lôbo, Raphaela Farias Rodrigues, Rodrigo Barros Esteves Lins, Marcos Aurélio Bomfim da Silva
    Frontiers in Dental Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Review Article
Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases: a troubleshooting for dentin adhesion
Izadora Quintela Souza de Moraes, Ticiano Gomes do Nascimento, Antonio Thomás da Silva, Lilian Maria Santos Silva de Lira, Abhishek Parolia, Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes Porto
Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(3):e31.   Published online May 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e31
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that can degrade collagen in hybrid layer and reduce the longevity of adhesive restorations. As scientific understanding of the MMPs has advanced, useful strategies focusing on preventing these enzymes' actions by MMP inhibitors have quickly developed in many medical fields. However, in restorative dentistry, it is still not well established. This paper is an overview of the strategies to inhibit MMPs that can achieve a long-lasting material-tooth adhesion. Literature search was performed comprehensively using the electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus including articles from May 2007 to December 2019 and the main search terms were “matrix metalloproteinases”, “collagen”, and “dentin” and “hybrid layer”. MMPs typical structure consists of several distinct domains. MMP inhibitors can be divided into 2 main groups: synthetic (synthetic-peptides, non-peptide molecules and compounds, tetracyclines, metallic ions, and others) and natural bioactive inhibitors mainly flavonoids. Selective inhibitors of MMPs promise to be the future for specific targeting of preventing dentin proteolysis. The knowledge about MMPs functionality should be considered to synthesize drugs capable to efficiently and selectively block MMPs chemical routes targeting their inactivation in order to overcome the current limitations of the therapeutic use of MMPs inhibitors, i.e., easy clinical application and long-lasting effect.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Exploring the effectiveness of doxycycline in restorative dentistry: a systematic review of in vitro studies
    Bruna Tavares Carneiro, Marina Minici Dumont Prado, Iara de Oliveira Nogueira, Allyson Nogueira Moreira, Carolina Bosso André
    Odontology.2025; 113(1): 15.     CrossRef
  • Multifunctional Dual Enzyme-Responsive Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Targeting and Enhancing the Treatment of Bacterial Infections
    Kerisha Chetty, Xylia Q. Peters, Calvin A. Omolo, Eman A. Ismail, Mohammed A. Gafar, Eman Elhassan, Sania Z. F. Kassam, Jasoda Govender, Sbongumusa Dlamini, Thirumala Govender
    ACS Applied Bio Materials.2025; 8(1): 548.     CrossRef
  • Impact of silver diamine fluoride on composite resin bond strength: An In vitro study with various adhesive systems
    Farzaneh Shirani, Shirin Ravanbod, Mohammad Soroush Sehat
    Heliyon.2025; 11(2): e41731.     CrossRef
  • Riboflavin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in Periodontology: A Systematic Review of Applications and Outcomes
    Jakub Fiegler-Rudol, Maciej Łopaciński, Artur Los, Dariusz Skaba, Rafał Wiench
    Pharmaceutics.2025; 17(2): 217.     CrossRef
  • Evolution of Dental Resin Adhesives—A Comprehensive Review
    Waad Khalid Alomran, Mohammed Zahedul Islam Nizami, Hockin H. K. Xu, Jirun Sun
    Journal of Functional Biomaterials.2025; 16(3): 104.     CrossRef
  • Dentin biomodification with Er, Cr: YSGG laser prior to conditioning with grape seed, green tea and Salvadora persica extracts
    Abdullah Alshehri, Ali A. Elkaffas, Abdullah Ali Alqahtani, Mubashir Baig Mirza, Yasser F. Alfawaz, Laila Taher Kashkosh, Basil Almutairi, Abdulellah F. Almudahi, Rania Bayoumi
    Lasers in Dental Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Novel Approach to Strengthening the Microtensile Bond Between Lithium Disilicate Ceramics Manufactured by CAD/CAM and Dentin Using Coatings of Natural and Synthetic Bio-Modifiers
    Abdulellah Almudahi, Abdullah Alshehri, Ali R. Alqahtani, Basil Almutairi, Ali A. Elkaffas, Refal Saad Albaijan, Mohammed Ali Abuelqomsan
    Ceramics.2025; 8(2): 34.     CrossRef
  • Long-term hybrid stability and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition by fucosterol in resin-dentin bonding biomechanics
    Hyeryeong Kim, Yu-Jung Jung, Yeon Kim, Moon-Kyoung Bae, Kyung-Hyeon Yoo, Seog-Young Yoon, Hae Ryoun Park, In-Ryoung Kim, Yong-Il Kim
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Multifunctional Dental Adhesives Formulated with Silane-Coated Magnetic Fe3O4@m-SiO2 Core–Shell Particles to Counteract Adhesive Interfacial Breakdown
    Lamia Sami Mokeem, Isadora Martini Garcia, Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad, Yucheng Lan, Dereje Seifu, Michael D. Weir, Mary Anne Melo
    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces.2024; 16(2): 2120.     CrossRef
  • Improving the Push-Out Bond Strength of Fiber Posts in Diabetic Dentin: The Role of Chlorexidine Irrigation and Resin Cements
    Beyza Arslandaş Dinçtürk, Arzu Şahin Mantı, Cemile Kedici Alp, Ayşenur Altuğ Yıldırım, Arzu Kaya Mumcu
    Journal of Functional Biomaterials.2024; 16(1): 4.     CrossRef
  • Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, and 7, and their tissue inhibitors 1, 2, 3, and 4 in polytraumatized patients: Time trajectories, correlations, and their ability to predict mortality
    Lukas L. Negrin, Greta L. Carlin, Robin Ristl, Stefan Hajdu, Andre van Wijnen
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(3): e0300258.     CrossRef
  • Current approaches to produce durable biomaterials: Trends in polymeric materials for restorative dentistry applications
    Carmem S. Pfeifer, Fernanda S. Lucena, Matthew G. Logan, Devatha Nair, Steven H. Lewis
    Dental Materials.2024; 40(12): 2122.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Different MMP Inhibitors on the Bond Strength and Durability of an Etch-and-rinse and a Self-etch Adhesive
    Ahmet Hazar, Mine Betül Üçtaşlı
    ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi.2024; 13(3): 453.     CrossRef
  • Matrix metalloproteinases in dentin: Assessing their presence, activity, and inhibitors – a review of current trends
    Lavanya Anumula, Sindhu Ramesh, Venkata Suneel Kumar Kolaparthi
    Dental Materials.2024; 40(11): 2051.     CrossRef
  • Effect of nonthermal atmospheric plasma application at different time intervals on the dentinal shear bond strength pretreated with 2% chlorhexidine as cavity disinfectant: An in vitro study
    Roopadevi Garlapati, Nagesh Bolla, Gali Praveen Kumar, Mayana Aameena Banu, Bandlapally Sreenivasa Guptha Anila, Shaik Afreen Kamal
    Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.2024; 27(7): 769.     CrossRef
  • Effect of MMP Inhibitors on Shear Bond Strength of Adhesive to Dentin after Different Drying Techniques: An In-Vitro Study
    Sheethal K. Narayanan, Krishnan Hari, Joy Mathew, Anila Sukumaran, Basil Joy, Joel Mathew
    Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.2024; 16(Suppl 5): S4639.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Selective Dentine Pre-Treatment with Butane Tetracarboxylic Acid on Composite-Dentine Bond
    Nikita Sharma, Anand Susila, Aruna Kumari Veronica, R. J. Fiona, Shamini Sai, Sriganesh Anguswamy
    Indian Journal of Dental Research.2024; 35(4): 443.     CrossRef
  • In situ detection of endogenous proteolytic activity and the effect of inhibitors on tooth root surface
    Izumi Sakurai, Gen Mayanagi, Satoru Yamada, Nobuhiro Takahashi
    Journal of Dentistry.2023; 131: 104471.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Cathepsin K Inhibitors on Dentin Erosion: An in vitro Study
    Yi-ying Chen, Xiu-jiao Lin, Zhi-cen Lu, Annette Wiegand, Hao Yu
    Caries Research.2023; 57(2): 159.     CrossRef
  • The Role of Duration of Chlorhexidine Gluconate 2% Application on the Shear Bond Strength of a Total Etch Bonding Agent: A Comparative Study
    Azmi Fasya, Yolanda Yolanda, Ayu Trisna Hayati
    Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry.2023; Volume 15: 281.     CrossRef
  • The effect of kaempferol on the dentin bonding stability through matrix metalloproteinases inhibition and collagen crosslink in dentin biomodification
    Jeonghwa Cho, Hyeryeong Kim, Kyung-Hyeon Yoo, Youna Paik, In-Ryoung Kim, Seog-Young Yoon, Yong-Il Kim
    Journal of Dental Sciences.2023; 18(3): 1023.     CrossRef
  • EFFECT OF TiO2 DECORATED CELLULOSIC MATERIALS ADDITION ON MECHANICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF DENTAL ADHESIVE COMPOSITES
    HUMAIRA JABEEN, NAWSHAD MUHAMMAD, USAMA SIDDIQUI, MUHAMMAD SABIR, NAVEED AHMAD, SAAD LIAQAT
    Cellulose Chemistry and Technology.2023; 57(5-6): 541.     CrossRef
  • Insight into the development of versatile dentin bonding agents to increase the durability of the bonding interface
    Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes Porto, Teresa de Lisieux Guedes Ferreira Lôbo, Raphaela Farias Rodrigues, Rodrigo Barros Esteves Lins, Marcos Aurélio Bomfim da Silva
    Frontiers in Dental Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Current Strategies to Control Recurrent and Residual Caries with Resin Composite Restorations: Operator- and Material-Related Factors
    Moataz Elgezawi, Rasha Haridy, Moamen A. Abdalla, Katrin Heck, Miriam Draenert, Dalia Kaisarly
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(21): 6591.     CrossRef
  • Adhesive Strength in Dentin Conditioned with 18% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid versus 35% Phosphoric Acid: In Vitro Study with 1-Year Artificial Aging
    Esther Alcántara-Obispo, Flor Santander-Rengifo, Marysela Ladera-Castañeda, Carlos López-Gurreonero, Antonieta Castro Pérez-Vargas, Alberto Cornejo-Pinto, Luis Cervantes-Ganoza, César Cayo-Rojas
    Polymers.2022; 14(20): 4291.     CrossRef
  • Effects of the Combined Application of Trimethylated Chitosan and Carbodiimide on the Biostability and Antibacterial Activity of Dentin Collagen Matrix
    Xiangyao Wang, Qilin Li, Haibo Lu, Zhuo Liu, Yaxin Wu, Jing Mao, Shiqiang Gong
    Polymers.2022; 14(15): 3166.     CrossRef
  • Matrix Metalloproteinases in Dental and Periodontal Tissues and Their Current Inhibitors: Developmental, Degradational and Pathological Aspects
    Moataz Elgezawi, Rasha Haridy, Khalid Almas, Moamen A. Abdalla, Omar Omar, Hatem Abuohashish, Abeer Elembaby, Uta Christine Wölfle, Yasir Siddiqui, Dalia Kaisarly
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(16): 8929.     CrossRef
  • Mussel-inspired monomer – A new selective protease inhibitor against dentine collagen degradation
    Kang Li, Fung Man Ngo, Angela Yat Laam Yau, Winnie Wai Ling Tam, Edmund Chun Ming Tse, James Kit Hon Tsoi, Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu
    Dental Materials.2022; 38(7): 1149.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Collagen Crosslinkers on Dentin Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Louis Hardan, Umer Daood, Rim Bourgi, Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez, Walter Devoto, Maciej Zarow, Natalia Jakubowicz, Juan Eliezer Zamarripa-Calderón, Mateusz Radwanski, Giovana Orsini, Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
    Cells.2022; 11(15): 2417.     CrossRef
  • Marginal Integrity of Composite Restoration with and without Surface Pretreatment by Gold and Silver Nanoparticles vs Chlorhexidine: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Aya AEM Nemt-Allah, Shereen H Ibrahim, Amira F El-Zoghby
    The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2022; 22(10): 1087.     CrossRef
  • Use of the adhesive layer as a controlled release platform for doxycycline, as promising advancement for longer durability of dentin adhesion
    Lívia Rodrigues de Menezes, Dayane Carvalho Ramos Salles de Oliveira, Cássia Almeida Brito, Emerson Oliveira da Silva
    International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives.2021; 108: 102889.     CrossRef
  • Understanding collagen interactions and their targeted regulation by novel drugs
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    Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery.2021; 16(11): 1239.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Curcumin Suspension and Vitamin C on Dentin Shear Bond Strength and Durability. A Pilot Study
    Dalia A. Abuelenain, Ensanya A. Abou Neel, Tariq S. Abuhaimed, Amal M. Alamri, Hanan S. Ammar, Sahar M. N. Bukhary
    The Open Dentistry Journal.2021; 15(1): 540.     CrossRef
  • Reinforced Universal Adhesive by Ribose Crosslinker: A Novel Strategy in Adhesive Dentistry
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    Polymers.2021; 13(5): 704.     CrossRef
  • 896 View
  • 39 Download
  • 34 Crossref
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Research Articles
Biocompatibility of two experimental scaffolds for regenerative endodontics
Dephne Jack Xin Leong, Frank C. Setzer, Martin Trope, Bekir Karabucak
Restor Dent Endod 2016;41(2):98-105.   Published online March 28, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2016.41.2.98
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

The biocompatibility of two experimental scaffolds for potential use in revascularization or pulp regeneration was evaluated.

Materials and Methods

One resilient lyophilized collagen scaffold (COLL), releasing metronidazole and clindamycin, was compared to an experimental injectable poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid scaffold (PLGA), releasing clindamycin. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were seeded at densities of 1.0 × 104, 2.5 × 104, and 5.0 × 104. The cells were investigated by light microscopy (cell morphology), MTT assay (cell proliferation) and a cytokine (IL-8) ELISA test (biocompatibility).

Results

Under microscope, the morphology of cells coincubated for 7 days with the scaffolds appeared healthy with COLL. Cells in contact with PLGA showed signs of degeneration and apoptosis. MTT assay showed that at 5.0 × 104 hDPSCs, COLL demonstrated significantly higher cell proliferation rates than cells in media only (control, p < 0.01) or cells co-incubated with PLGA (p < 0.01). In ELISA test, no significant differences were observed between cells with media only and COLL at 1, 3, and 6 days. Cells incubated with PLGA expressed significantly higher IL-8 than the control at all time points (p < 0.01) and compared to COLL after 1 and 3 days (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The COLL showed superior biocompatibility and thus may be suitable for endodontic regeneration purposes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Advances in scaffolds used forpulp–dentinecomplex tissue engineering: A narrative review
    Parisa Noohi, Mohammad J. Abdekhodaie, Mohammad H. Nekoofar, Kerstin M. Galler, Paul M. H. Dummer
    International Endodontic Journal.2022; 55(12): 1277.     CrossRef
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    Reza Moonesi Rad, Engin Pazarçeviren, Elif Ece Akgün, Zafer Evis, Dilek Keskin, Sıla Şahin, Ayşen Tezcaner
    Journal of Biomaterials Applications.2019; 33(6): 834.     CrossRef
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    M. Collado-González, M. P. Pecci-Lloret, D. García-Bernal, S. Aznar-Cervantes, R. E. Oñate-Sánchez, J. M. Moraleda, J. L. Cenis, F. J. Rodríguez-Lozano
    Odontology.2018; 106(2): 125.     CrossRef
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    Valérie Orti, Pierre-Yves Collart-Dutilleul, Sofía Piglionico, Orsolya Pall, Frédéric Cuisinier, Ivan Panayotov
    Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews.2018; 24(6): 419.     CrossRef
  • Investigation of Human Dental Pulp Cells on a Potential Injectable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microsphere Scaffold
    Huiru Zou, Guanhua Wang, Fang Song, Xudong Shi
    Journal of Endodontics.2017; 43(5): 745.     CrossRef
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    Sheva Naahidi, Mousa Jafari, Megan Logan, Yujie Wang, Yongfang Yuan, Hojae Bae, Brian Dixon, P. Chen
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  • 220 View
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  • 6 Crossref
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The effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and enamel matrix derivative on the bioactivity of mineral trioxide aggregate in MC3T3-E1cells
Youngdan Jeong, Wonkyung Yang, Hyunjung Ko, Miri Kim
Restor Dent Endod 2014;39(3):187-194.   Published online June 19, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2014.39.3.187
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

The effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) respectively with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on hard tissue regeneration have been investigated in previous studies. This study aimed to compare the osteogenic effects of MTA/BMP-2 and MTA/EMD treatment in MC3T3-E1 cells.

Materials and Methods

MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with MTA (ProRoot, Dentsply), BMP-2 (R&D Systems), EMD (Emdogain, Straumann) separately and MTA/BMP-2 or MTA/EMD combination. Mineralization was evaluated by staining the calcium deposits with alkaline phosphatase (ALP, Sigma-Aldrich) and Alizarin red (Sigma-Aldrich). The effects on the osteoblast differentiation were evaluated by the expressions of osteogenic markers, including ALP, bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) and osteonectin (OSN), as determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis (RT-PCR, AccuPower PCR, Bioneer).

Results

Mineralization increased in the BMP-2 and MTA/BMP-2 groups and increased to a lesser extent in the MTA/EMD group but appeared to decrease in the MTA-only group based on Alizarin red staining. ALP expression largely decreased in the EMD and MTA/EMD groups based on ALP staining. In the MTA/BMP-2 group, mRNA expression of OPN on day 3 and BSP and OCN on day 7 significantly increased. In the MTA/EMD group, OSN and OCN gene expression significantly increased on day 7, whereas ALP expression decreased on days 3 and 7 (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

These results suggest the MTA/BMP-2 combination promoted more rapid differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells than did MTA/EMD during the early mineralization period.

Citations

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    Md. Niaj Morshed, Reshmi Akter, Imran Mahmud, Ah-Yeong Gwon, Jin Woo Jeang, Yeong-Geun Lee, Dae Won Park, Deok Chun Yang, Yeon Ju Kim, Se-Chan Kang
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    Polymers.2022; 14(12): 2315.     CrossRef
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    Xuming Yang, Donggang Mou, Qunying Yu, Jimei Zhang, Ying Xiong, Zhimin Zhang, Shan Xing
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  • Combined Effects of Growth Hormone and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate on Growth, Differentiation, and Angiogenesis in Human Dental Pulp Cells
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    Journal of Endodontics.2016; 42(2): 269.     CrossRef
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  • 18 Crossref
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Case Report
Biodentine-a novel dentinal substitute for single visit apexification
Gurudutt Nayak, Mohammad Faiz Hasan
Restor Dent Endod 2014;39(2):120-125.   Published online March 21, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2014.39.2.120
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Use of an apical plug in management of cases with open apices has gained popularity in recent years. Biodentine, a new calcium silicate-based material has recently been introduced as a dentine substitute, whenever original dentine is damaged. This case report describes single visit apexification in a maxillary central incisor with necrotic pulp and open apex using Biodentine as an apical barrier, and a synthetic collagen material as an internal matrix. Following canal cleaning and shaping, calcium hydroxide was placed as an intracanal medicament for 1 mon. This was followed by placement of small piece of absorbable collagen membrane beyond the root apex to serve as matrix. An apical plug of Biodentine of 5 mm thickness was placed against the matrix using pre-fitted hand pluggers. The remainder of canal was back-filled with thermoplasticized gutta-percha and access cavity was restored with composite resin followed by all-ceramic crown. One year follow-up revealed restored aesthetics and function, absence of clinical signs and symptoms, resolution of periapical rarefaction, and a thin layer of calcific tissue formed apical to the Biodentine barrier. The positive clinical outcome in this case is encouraging for the use of Biodentine as an apical plug in single visit apexification procedures.

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Research Article
Enamel matrix derivative for replanted teeth in animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Sahng G. Kim, Steven I. Ryu
Restor Dent Endod 2013;38(4):194-203.   Published online November 12, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2013.38.4.194
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

To investigate the effect of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on periodontal healing of replanted teeth in animal models.

Materials and Methods

The authors searched MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Knowledge and Scopus for articles published up to Oct 2012. Animal studies in which EMD was applied in transplanted or replanted teeth with adequate controls and histological data were considered. Normal periodontal healing or root resorption determined by histology after EMD was applied in replanted teeth with adequate controls was used as outcome measures. The following search strategy was used: ('Emdogain' OR 'enamel matrix proteins' OR 'enamel matrix derivative') AND ('avulsion' OR 'transplantion' OR 'autotransplantation' OR 'replantation').

Results

Six animal studies were included in the final review. There was great heterogeneity in study design among included studies. Two studies with similar study designs were identified and analyzed by a meta-analysis. The pooled estimates showed a significantly higher normal healing and surface resorption and significantly less inflammatory and replacement resorption in EMD-treated groups compared with non-EMD-treated groups.

Conclusions

With the limitations of this systematic review, the use of EMD led to greater normal periodontal healing and surface root resorption and less inflammatory and replacement root resorption in the presence of periodontal ligaments. However, no definite conclusion could be drawn with regard to the effect of EMD on periodontal healing and root resorption when no periodontal ligaments exist.

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Review Article
Effects of matrix metallproteinases on dentin bonding and strategies to increase durability of dentin adhesion
Jung-Hyun Lee, Juhea Chang, Ho-Hyun Son
Restor Dent Endod 2012;37(1):2-8.   Published online March 2, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2012.37.1.2
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The limited durability of resin-dentin bonds severely compromises the longevity of composite resin restorations. Resin-dentin bond degradation might occur via degradation of water-rich and resin sparse collagen matrices by host-derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This review article provides overview of current knowledge of the role of MMPs in dentin matrix degradation and four experimental strategies for extending the longevity of resin-dentin bonds. They include: (1) the use of broad-spectrum inhibitors of MMPs, (2) the use of cross-linking agents for silencing the activities of MMPs, (3) ethanol wet-bonding with hydrophobic resin, (4) biomimetic remineralization of water-filled collagen matrix. A combination of these strategies will be able to overcome the limitations in resin-dentin adhesion.

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  • Remineralization Effects of Silver Fluoride, Silver Diamine Fluoride, and Sodium Fluoride Varnish
    Jihyeon Lee, Hwalim Lee, Jongsoo Kim, Joonhaeng Lee, Jongbin Kim, Jisun Shin, Miran Han
    International Journal of Clinical Preventive Dentistry.2024; 20(1): 19.     CrossRef
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Basic Research
The effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α to induce matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) from the human dental pulp, gingival, and periodontal ligament cells
Eun-Mi Rhim, Sang-Hyuk Park, Duck-Su Kim, Sun-Young Kim, Kyoung-Kyu Choi, Gi-Woon Choi
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2011;36(1):26-36.   Published online January 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2011.36.1.26
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

In the present study, three kinds of tissues cells (pulp, gingiva, and periodontal ligament) were investigated if those cells express MMP and TIMP when they were stimulated with neuropeptides (substance P, CGRP) or proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-α.

Materials and Methods

The cells cultured from human dental pulp (PF), gingiva (GF) and periodontal ligament were (PDLF) stimulated with Mock, SP, TNF-α, and CGRP for 24 hrs and 48 hrs. for an RNase protection assay and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

Cells (PF, GF and PDLF) seeded in 100 mm culture dish were stimulated with SP (10-5, 10-8 M) or only with medium (Mock stimulation) for 4hrs and for 24 hrs for RNase Protection Assay, and they were stimulated with CGRP (10-5 M) and TNF-α (2 ng/mL) for 24 hrs and with various concentraion of TNF-α (2, 10, and 100 ng/mL) for Rnase Protection Assay with a human MMP-1 probe set including MMP 1, 2, 8, 7, 8, 9, 12, and TIMP 2, 3.

In addition, cells (PF, GF and PDLF) were stimulated with Mock and various concentraion of TNF-α (2, 10, and 100 ng/mL) for 24 hrs and with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) for 48 hrs, and the supernatents from the cells were collected for Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for MMP-1 and MMP-13.

Results

The expression of MMPs in PF, GF, PDLF after stimulation with SP and CGRP were not changed compared with Mock stimulation for 4 hrs and 24 hrs. The expression of MMP-1, -12, -13 24 hrs after stimulation with TNF-α were upregulated, however the expression of TIMP-3 in PF, GF, PDLF after stimulation with TNF-α were downregulated. TNF-α (2 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL) increased MMP-1 and MMP-12 expression in PF dose dependently for 24 hrs.

Conclusions

TNF-α in the area of inflammation may play an important role in regulating the remodeling of dentin, cementum, and alveolar bone.

Citations

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  • Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Melatonin and 5‐Methoxytryptophol on Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Acute Pulpitis in Rats
    Fatma Kermeoğlu, Umut Aksoy, Abdullah Sebai, Gökçe Savtekin, Hanife Özkayalar, Serkan Sayıner, Ahmet Özer Şehirli, Shuai CHEN
    BioMed Research International.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cross-Talk between Ciliary Epithelium and Trabecular Meshwork Cells In-Vitro: A New Insight into Glaucoma
    Natalie Lerner, Elie Beit-Yannai, Wayne Iwan Lee Davies
    PLoS ONE.2014; 9(11): e112259.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Tissue engineering of dental pulp on type I collagen
Gwang-Hee Lee, Sung-Yoon Huh, Sang-Hyuk Park
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2004;29(4):370-377.   Published online July 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.4.370
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The purpose of this study was to regenerate human dental pulp tissues similar to native pulp tissues. Using the mixture of type I collagen solution, primary cells collected from the different tissues (pulp, gingiva, and skin) and NIH 3T3 (1 × 105 cells/ml/well) were cultured at 12-well plate at 37℃ for 14 days. Standardized photographs were taken with digital camera during 14 days and the diameter of the contracted collagen gel matrix was measured and statistically analyzed with student t-test. As one of the pulp tissue engineering, normal human dental pulp tissue and collagen gel matrix cultured with dental pulp cells for 14 days were fixed and stained with Hematoxyline & Eosin.

According to this study, the results were as follows:

1. The contraction of collagen gel matrix cultured with pulp cells for 14 days was significantly higher than other fibroblasts (gingiva, skin) (p < 0.05).

2. The diameter of collagen gel matrix cultured with pulp cells was reduced to 70.4% after 7 days, and 57.1% after 14 days.

3. The collagen gel without any cells did not contract, whereas the collagen gel cultured with gingiva and skin showed mild contraction after 14 days (88.1% and 87.6% respectively).

4. The contraction of the collagen gel cultured with NIH 3T3 cells after 14 days was higher than those cultured with gingival and skin fibroblasts, but it was not statistically significant (72.1%, p > 0.05).

5. The collagen gel matrix cultured with pulp cells for 14 days showed similar shape with native pulp tissue without blood vessels.

This approach may provide a means of engineering a variety of other oral tissue as well and these cell behaviors may provide information needed to establish pulp tissue engineering protocols.

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  • Human amniotic membrane extracellular matrix scaffold for dental pulp regeneration in vitro and in vivo
    Hengameh Bakhtiar, Azin Ashoori, Sarah Rajabi, Mohamad Pezeshki‐Modaress, Alireza Ayati, Mohammad Reza Mousavi, Mohammad Reza Ellini, Amir Kamali, Amir Azarpazhooh, Anil Kishen
    International Endodontic Journal.2022; 55(4): 374.     CrossRef
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