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Research Article
Accuracy of Root ZX in teeth with simulated root perforation in the presence of gel or liquid type endodontic irrigant
Hyeong-Soon Shin, Won-Kyung Yang, Mi-Ri Kim, Hyun-Jung Ko, Kyung-Mo Cho, Se-Hee Park, Jin-Woo Kim
Restor Dent Endod 2012;37(3):149-154.   Published online August 29, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2012.37.3.149
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

To evaluate the accuracy of the Root ZX in teeth with simulated root perforation in the presence of gel or liquid type endodontic irrigants, such as saline, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine liquid, 2% chlorhexidine gel, and RC-Prep, and also to determine the electrical conductivities of these endodontic irrigants.

Materials and Methods

A root perforation was simulated on twenty freshly extracted teeth by means of a small perforation made on the proximal surface of the root at 4 mm from the anatomic apex. Root ZX was used to locate root perforation and measure the electronic working lengths. The results obtained were compared with the actual working length (AWL) and the actual location of perforations (AP), allowing tolerances of 0.5 or 1.0 mm. Measurements within these limits were considered as acceptable. Chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate significance. Electrical conductivities of each irrigant were also measured with an electrical conductivity tester.

Results

The accuracies of the Root ZX in perforated teeth were significantly different between liquid types (saline, NaOCl) and gel types (chlorhexidine gel, RC-Prep). The accuracies of electronic working lengths in perforated teeth were higher in gel types than in liquid types. The accuracy in locating root perforation was higher in liquid types than gel types. 5.25% NaOCl had the highest electrical conductivity, whereas 2% chlorhexidine gel and RC-Prep gel had the lowest electrical conductivities among the five irrigants.

Conclusions

Different canal irrigants with different electrical conductivities may affect the accuracy of the Root ZX in perforated teeth.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effect of Different Electroconductive Root Canal Irrigations on the Accuracy of Different Apex Locators: An In Vitro Comparative Study
    Eman M. Yahya, Ashraf S. Alchalabi, Emad Farhan Alkhalidi
    Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.2024; 14(3): 211.     CrossRef
  • The precision of radiographic and electronic working length estimation methods in endodontics: A systematic review of clinical studies
    Anithakumari Rangappa, Buvaneshwari Arul, Jayalakshmi Somasundaram, Velmurugan Natanasabapathy
    Endodontology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparative evaluation of the accuracy of electronic apex locators and cone-beam computed tomography in detection of root canal perforation and working length during endodontic retreatment
    Simay Koç, Hatice Harorlı, Alper Kuştarcı
    BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparative Accuracy and Reliability of Three Electronic Apex Locators in Determining the Apical Constriction of Molar Canals: A Micro-CT Evaluation
    Reem M. Barakat, Rahaf A. Almohareb, Arwa O. Alharbi, Asma Alhazmi, Reem Alomar
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(17): 5199.     CrossRef
  • Accuracy of the integrated electronic apex locator in locating simulated perforation under various irrigating solutions in an in vitro study
    Chintan Joshi, Surabhi Joshi, Urooj Desai, Sweety Thumar, Aashray Patel, Ankita Khunt
    Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences.2024; 23: e241118.     CrossRef
  • The Accuracy of Different Apex Locator Systems in Detecting Root Perforations in the Presence of Different Irrigation Solutions
    Oğuz Burhan Çetinkaya, Emre Çulha, Uğur Aydın
    European Journal of Therapeutics.2023; 30(1): 39.     CrossRef
  • In Vitro Comparison of the Accuracy of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scanning and Electronic Apex Locators in Detection of Simulated Root Perforations in Different Localizations
    Hatice Harorlı, Simay Koç, Alper Kuştarcı
    Journal of Endodontics.2023; 49(12): 1676.     CrossRef
  • Accuracy of different electronic apex locators in determination of minimum Root perforation diameter
    Simay Koç, Alper Kuştarcı, Kürşat Er
    Australian Endodontic Journal.2023; 49(S1): 179.     CrossRef
  • The influence of MTAD and QMix on the accuracy of electronic apex locator in locating simulated perforations
    A Dumani, AA Ates, CS Ucan, S Yilmaz, I Unal, O Yoldas
    Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice.2022; 25(3): 281.     CrossRef
  • Synthesis and evaluation of grafted xanthan gum as a drug carrier in developing lornoxicam gel formulations
    SandipAshok Murtale, PrakashS Goudanavar, NRaghavendra Naveen, WalaaF Alsanie, Majid Alhomrani, AbdulhakeemS Alamri, SyedMohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, MdKhalid Anwer, Nagaraja Sreeharsha, MazenAl Gharsan, Santosh Fattepur
    Pharmacognosy Magazine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • KOMBİNE İRRİGASYON SOLÜSYONLARININ ELEKTRİKSEL İLETKENLİĞİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
    Ayşin DUMANİ, Şehnaz YILMAZ, Oğuz YOLDAŞ, Güray KILINÇÇEKER
    Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi.2022; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Accuracy of electronic apex locator in the presence of different irrigating solutions
    Padmanabh Jha, Vineeta Nikhil, Shalya Raj, Rohit Ravinder, Preeti Mishra
    Endodontology.2021; 33(4): 232.     CrossRef
  • Comparative Evaluation of Accuracy of Different Apex Locators: Propex IQ, Raypex 6, Root ZX, and Apex ID with CBCT and Periapical Radiograph—In Vitro Study
    Okba Mahmoud, Mawada Hassan Awad Abdelmagied, Ahmad Hisham Dandashi, Bakr Nssaief Jasim, Hussam Alddin Tawfik Kayali, Saaid Al Shehadat, Luca Testarelli
    International Journal of Dentistry.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Temperature Increase From Joule Heat in Numerical Tooth Model by Applying 500 kHz Current for Apical Periodontitis Treatment—Effect of Applied Voltage and Tooth Conductivity
    Hiroo Tarao, Masatake Akutagawa, Takahiro Emoto, Amane Takei, Hiromichi Yumoto, Toshihiko Tominaga, Toshitaka Ikehara, Yosuke Kinouchi
    Bioelectromagnetics.2021; 42(3): 224.     CrossRef
  • Confort visual en oficinas, factor temporal en la evaluación de deslumbramiento
    J. Yamin, A. Pattini, E. Colombo
    Informes de la Construcción.2020; 72(557): e329.     CrossRef
  • The influence of two forms of chlorhexidine on the accuracy of contemporary electronic apex locators
    Ewa Marek, Ryta Łagocka, Katarzyna Kot, Krzysztof Woźniak, Mariusz Lipski
    BMC Oral Health.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Efficiency of an integrated apex locator in determining working length in various irrigating solutions: An in vivo study
    RakeshReddy Chukka, MalatiDevi Bellam, NarenderReddy Marukala, Sainath Dinapadu, NareshKumar Konda, Jithender Nagilla
    Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences.2020; 12(5): 410.     CrossRef
  • Accuracy of two electronic apex locators in locating root perforations in curved canals in dry and wet conditions: A comparative in vitro study
    MonishaParshotam Khatri, SheetalB Ghivari, Madhu Pujar, Reshma Faras, Pallavi Gopeshetti, Amulya Vanti
    Dental Research Journal.2019; 16(6): 407.     CrossRef
  • Consistency of electronic measurements of endodontic working length when using multiple devices from the same manufacturer—an in vitro study
    Franziska Haupt, M Hülsmann
    Clinical Oral Investigations.2018; 22(9): 3107.     CrossRef
  • The Influence of Various Irrigants on the Accuracy of 2 Electronic Apex Locators in Locating Simulated Root Perforations
    Demet Altunbaş, Alper Kuştarcı, Mustafa Toyoğlu
    Journal of Endodontics.2017; 43(3): 439.     CrossRef
  • Accuracy and Repeatability of 3 Apex Locators in Locating Root Canal Perforations: An Ex Vivo Study
    Fábio Luiz Cunha D'Assunção, Julio Cézar Nascimento Sousa, Kayo César Amaro Felinto, Thiago Clístines de Medeiros, Diego Tavares Leite, Raissa Bezerra de Lucena, Joab de Oliveira Lima
    Journal of Endodontics.2014; 40(8): 1241.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Microleakage of the experimental composite resin with three component photoinitiator systems
Ji-Hoon Kim, Dong-Hoon Shin
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2009;34(4):333-339.   Published online July 31, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.4.333
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

This study was done to determine if there is any difference in microleakage between experimental composite resins, in which various proportions of three component photoinitiators (Camphoroquinone, OPPI, Amine) were included.

Four kinds of experimental composite resin were made by mixing 3.2% silanated barium glass (78 wt.%, average size; 1 µm) with each monomer system including variously proportioned photoinitiator systems used for photoinitiating BisGMA/BisEMA/TEGDMA monomer blend (37.5:37.5:25 wt.%). The weight percentage of each component were as follows (in sequence Camphoroquinone, OPPI, Amine): Group A - 0.5%, 0%, 1% / Group B - 2%, 0.2%, 2% / Group C - 0.2%, 1%, 0.2% / Group D - 1%, 1%, 2%.

Each composite resin was used as a filling material for round class V cavities (diameter: 2/3 of mesiodistal width; depth: 1.5 mm) made on extracted human premolars and they were polymerized using curing light unit (XL 2500, 3M ESPE) for 40 s with an intensity of 600 mW/cm2. Teeth were thermocycled five-hundred times between 50℃ and 550℃ for 30s at each temperature.

Electrical conductivity (µA) was recorded two times (just after thermocycling and after three-month storage in saline solution) by electrochemical method.

Microleakage scores of each group according to evaluation time were as follows [Group: at first record / at second record; unit (µA)]: A: 3.80 (0.69) / 13.22 (4.48), B: 3.42 (1.33) / 18.84 (5.53), C: 4.18 (2.55) / 28.08 (7.75), D: 4.12 (1.86) / 7.41 (3.41).

Just after thermocycling, there was no difference in microleakage between groups, however, group C showed the largest score after three-month storage. Although there seems to be no difference in microleakage between groups just after thermocycling, composite resin with highly concentrated initiation system or classical design (Camphoroquinone and Amine system) would be more desirable for minimizing microleakage after three-month storage.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Comparison of polymerization shrinkage of dual-cure core build-up resin according to shade and curing mode
    Yoorina Choi, Karl Lee, Hoon-Sang Chang
    Oral Biology Research.2019; 43(4): 243.     CrossRef
  • Optimal combination of 3-component photoinitiation system to increase the degree of conversion of resin monomers
    Chang-Gyu Kim, Ho-Jin Moon, Dong-Hoon Shin
    Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2011; 36(4): 313.     CrossRef
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The effect of C-factor and volume on microleakage of composite resin restorations with enamel margins
Bong-Joo Koo, Dong-Hoon Shin
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2006;31(6):452-459.   Published online November 30, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.6.452
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Competition will usually develop between the opposing walls as the restorative resin shrinks during polymerization. Magnitude of this phenomenon may be depended upon cavity configuration and volume.

The purpose of this sturdy was to evaluate the effect of cavity configuration and volume on microleakage of composite resin restoration that has margins on the enamel site only.

The labial enamel of forty bovine teeth was ground using a model trimmer to expose a flat enamel surface. Four groups with cylindrical cavities were defined, according to volume and configuration factor (Depth × Diameter / C-factor) - Group I: 1.5 mm × 2.0 mm / 4.0, Group II: 1.5 mm × 6.0 mm / 2.0, Group III: 2.0 mm × 1.72 mm / 5.62, Group IV: 2.0 mm × 5.23 mm / 2.54.

After treating with fifth-generation one-bottle adhesive - BC Plus™ (Vericom, AnYang, Korea), cavities were bulk filled with microhybrid composite resin - Denfill™ (Vericom). Teeth were stored in distilled water for one day at room temperature and were finished and polished with Sof-Lex system. Specimens were thermocycled 500 times between 5℃ and 55℃ for 30 second at each temperature.

Teeth were isolated with two layers of nail varnish except the restoration surface and 1 mm surrounding margins. Electrical conductivity (µA) was recorded in distilled water by electrochemical method. Microleakage scores were compared and analyzed using two-way ANOVA at 95% level.

The results were as follows:

1. Small cavity volume showed lower microleakage score than large one, however, there was no statistically significant difference.

2. There was no relationship between cavity configuration and microleakage.

Factors of cavity configuration and volume did not affect on microleakage of resin restorations with enamel margins only.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Influence of rebonding procedures on microleakage of composite resin restorations
    Mi-Ae Lee, Duck-Kyu Seo, Ho-Hyun Son, Byeong-Hoon Cho
    Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(3): 164.     CrossRef
  • Microleakage of the experimental composite resin with three component photoinitiator systems
    Ji-Hoon Kim, Dong-Hoon Shin
    Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(4): 333.     CrossRef
  • A survey on the use of composite resin in Class II restoration in Korea
    Dong-Ho Shin, Se-Eun Park, In-Seok Yang, Juhea Chang, In-Bog Lee, Byeong-Hoon Cho, Ho-Hyun Son
    Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(2): 87.     CrossRef
  • Difference in bond strength according to filling techniques and cavity walls in box-type occlusal composite resin restoration
    Eun-Joo Ko, Dong-Hoon Shin
    Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(4): 350.     CrossRef
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A quantitative analysis about microleakage of all-in-one adhesives
Yong-Hee Kang, Soo-Il Shin, Dong-Hoon Shin
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2004;29(1):66-72.   Published online January 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.1.066
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

All-in-one adhesives were recently developed for reducing the techique sensitivity and chair time, but lots of concerns were made on bondability, longevity, and microleakage.

The object of this study was to evaluate microleakage and marginal quality of all-in-one adhesives using electrochemical method and SEM analysis quantitatively.

After making Class V cavities, they were bulk filled with Heliomolar(#A1) after surface treatment with three adhesives: Adper Prompt (Group A), One up bond F (Group O), Xeno III (Group X). Electrical conductivity (microamphere, µA) was checked two times: before and after cavity filling.

Percentage of leaky margin was estimated from SEM image (×1,000).

The data were statistically analysed: ANOVA and Paired T test for electrical conductivity, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test for marginal quality, Spearman's rho test for checking of relationships between 2 methods.

The result were as follows:

1. There was no difference in microleakage between adhesive systems and every specimen showed some of microleakage after filling.

2. Microleakage was reduced about 70% with composite resin filling.

3. Marginal quality was the best in group A, decreasing among groups in the following order: group O, followed by group X. There were significant differences between group A and group X (p=0.015), and between group O and group X (p=0.019).

4. There was no relationship between the microleakage measured by electrochemical method and marginal quality measured by SEM analysis.

Within the results of this study, there was no difference in microleakage among groups by electrical conductivity. However, significant difference in marginal quality was seen among groups. It was believed that these dissimilar results might be induced because of their own characteristics. Analysis of microleakage needs various methods for accuracy.

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Microleakage of various composite resin systems
In-Soo Kim, Kyung-San Min, Dong-Hoon Shin
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2003;28(2):127-133.   Published online March 31, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2003.28.2.127
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The object of this study was to compare the microleakage between various composite resin systems of multistep, one-bottle, and self-etching systems using electrical conductivity.

After making class V cavities (4×3×1.5 mm around CEJ), they were bulk filled with three kinds of resins of A3. Teeth were storaged in a saline solution for one day, after then, they were finished and polished using Sof-Lex system. Another stress of thermocycling was made for 500 times from 5° to 55℃ with each dwelling time of 10 seconds. Electrical conductivity (microamphere, µA) was checked four times: before and after cavity preparation, after filling, after thermocycling.

One-way ANOVA and 95% Scheffe Post Hoc test was used for checking any statistical difference among groups. Another 95% Paired Samples T-test was also used for estimating any significant difference within group after cavity filling or thermocycling.

The results were as follows:

Every specimen showed various range of microleakage after filling.

There was, however, no difference between composite resin systems.

All composite resin systems showed marked increase in microleakage with a thermocycling (p<0.05), there was, however, no difference between composite resin systems.

Although there was no significant difference between groups (p=0.078), one-bottle and self-etching systems seemed to be unstable than multistep system.

Within the limits of this study, it was concluded that much more consideration should be needed when using thermally unstable one-bottle and self-etching systems that have multi-advantages from simplified step. More studies will be needed to solve these kinds of problems.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effect of a new resin monomer on the microleakage of composite resin restorations
    JH Bae, YK Kim, PY Yoon, MA Lee, BH Cho
    Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2007; 32(5): 469.     CrossRef
  • Microhardness and microleakage of composite resin cured by visible light with various band of wavelength
    Soo-Man Park, Jae-Yong Lee, Seung-Ryul Han, Sang-Yoon Ha, Dong-Hoon Shin
    Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2002; 27(4): 403.     CrossRef
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