Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Research Articles

Influence of access cavity design on calcium hydroxide removal using different cleaning protocols: a confocal laser scanning microscopy study: Seda Falakaloğlu, Merve Yeniçeri Özata, Betül Güneş, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, Mustafa Gündoğar, Burcu Güçyetmez Topal; Restor Dent Endod 2023;48(3):e25. Published online July 24, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e25

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of endodontic access cavities design on the removal of calcium hydroxide medication of the apical third of mandibular incisor root canal walls and dentinal tubules with different cleaning protocols: EDDY sonic activation, Er,Cr:YSGG laser-activated irrigation, or conventional irrigation with IrriFlex.

Materials and Methods

Seventy-eight extracted human mandibular incisors were assigned to 6 experimental groups (n = 13) according to the endodontic access cavity and cleaning protocol for calcium hydroxide removal: traditional access cavity (TradAC)/EDDY; ultraconservative access cavity performed in the incisal edge (UltraAC.Inc)/EDDY; TradAC/Er,Cr:YSGG; UltraAC.Inc/Er,Cr:YSGG; TradAC/IrriFlex; or UltraAC.Inc/IrriFlex. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images were used to measure the non-penetration percentage, maximum residual calcium hydroxide penetration depth, and penetration area at 2 and 4 mm from the apex. Data were statistically analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk and WRS2 package for 2-way comparison of non-normally distributed parameters (depth of penetration, area of penetration, and percentage of non-penetration) according to cavity and cleaning protocol with the significance level set at 5%.

Results

The effect of cavity and cleaning protocol interactions on penetration depth, penetration area and non-penetration percentage was not found statistically significant at 2 and 4 mm levels (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The present study demonstrated that TradAC or UltraAC.Inc preparations with different cleaning protocols in extracted mandibular incisors did not influence the remaining calcium hydroxide at 2 and 4 mm from the apex.

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Effect of Apical Preparation Size and Preparation Taper on Smear Layer Removal Using Two Different Irrigation Needles: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study
Rania Lebbos, Naji Kharouf, Deepak Mehta, Jamal Jabr, Cynthia Kamel, Roula El Hachem, Youssef Haikel, Marc Krikor Kaloustian
European Journal of Dentistry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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The effect of using nanoparticles in bioactive glass on its antimicrobial properties: Maram Farouk Obeid, Kareim Moustafa El-Batouty, Mohammed Aslam; Restor Dent Endod 2021;46(4):e58. Published online October 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2021.46.e58

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Objectives

This study addresses the effect of using nanoparticles (np) on the antimicrobial properties of bioactive glass (BAG) when used in intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilms.

Materials and Methods

E. faecalis biofilms, grown inside 90 root canals for 21 days, were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the antimicrobial regimen followed (n = 20; BAG-np, BAG, calcium hydroxide [CaOH], and saline). After 1 week, residual live bacteria were quantified in terms of colony-forming units (CFU), while dead bacteria were assessed with a confocal laser scanning microscope.

Results

Although there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean CFU value among all groups, the nano-group performed the best. The highest percentage of dead bacteria was detected in the BAG-np group, with a significant difference from the BAG group.

Conclusions

The reduction of particle size and use of a nano-form of BAG improved the antimicrobial properties of the intracanal treatment of E. faecalis biofilms

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Size matters: radiation shielding superiority of borate glasses with nano vs. micro ZnO
Aljawhara H. Almuqrin, M.I. Sayyed, M. Elsafi
Nuclear Engineering and Technology.2025; : 103614. CrossRef
Application of Nanomaterials in Endodontics
Farzaneh Afkhami, Yuan Chen, Laurence J. Walsh, Ove A. Peters, Chun Xu
BME Frontiers.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Antimicrobial efficacy of newly prepared nano-tricalcium silicate-58s bioactive glass-based endodontic sealer
Nawal Atiya Al-Sabawi, Sawsan Hameed Al-Jubori
Endodontology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Antimicrobial Effects of Formulations of Various Nanoparticles and Calcium Hydroxide as Intra-canal Medications Against Enterococcus faecalis: A Systematic Review
Seema H Bukhari, Dax Abraham, Shakila Mahesh
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of nanoparticles on antibacterial efficacy of intracanal medicament: A scoping review
Alpa Gupta, Arundeep Singh, Vivek Aggarwal
Endodontology.2023; 35(4): 283. CrossRef
Physical properties, marginal adaptation and bioactivity of an experimental mineral trioxide aggregate-like cement modified with bioactive materials
Abigailt Flores-Ledesma, Adriana Tejeda-Cruz, María A. Moyaho-Bernal, Ana Wintergerst, Yoshamin A. Moreno-Vargas, Jacqueline A. Rodríguez-Chávez, Carlos E. Cuevas-Suárez, Kenya Gutiérrez-Estrada, Jesús A. Arenas-Alatorre
Journal of Oral Science.2023; 65(2): 141. CrossRef
Nanopartículas antimicrobianas en endodoncia: Revisión narrativa
Gustavo Adolfo Tovar Rangel , Fanny Mildred González Sáenz , Ingrid Ximena Zamora Córdoba , Lina María García Zapata
Revista Estomatología.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Improved dentin disinfection by combining different-geometry rotary nickel-titanium files in preparing root canals: Marwa M. Bedier, Ahmed Abdel Rahman Hashem, Yosra M. Hassan; Restor Dent Endod 2018;43(4):e46. Published online November 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2018.43.e46

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Objectives

This study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of different instrumentation and irrigation techniques using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) after root canal inoculation with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis).

Materials and Methods

Mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals of extracted mandibular molars were apically enlarged up to a size 25 hand K-file, then autoclaved and inoculated with E. faecalis. The samples were randomly divided into 4 main groups according to the system of instrumentation and irrigation: an XP-endo Shaper (XPS) combined with conventional irrigation (XPS/C) or an XP-endo Finisher (XPF) (XPS/XPF), and iRaCe combined with conventional irrigation (iRaCe/C) or combined with an XPF (iRaCe/XPF). A middle-third sample was taken from each group, and then the bacterial reduction was evaluated using CLSM at a depth of 50 µm inside the dentinal tubules. The ratio of red fluorescence (dead cells) to green-and-red fluorescence (live and dead cells) represented the percentage of bacterial reduction. The data were then statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparisons across the groups and the Dunn test was used for pairwise comparisons.

Results

The instrumentation and irrigation techniques had a significant effect on bacterial reduction (p < 0.05). The iRaCe/XPF group showed the strongest effect, followed by the XPS/XPF and XPS/C group, while the iRaCe/C group had the weakest effect.

Conclusions

Combining iRaCe with XPF improved its bacterial reduction effect, while combining XPS with XPF did not yield a significant improvement in its ability to reduce bacteria at a depth of 50 µm in the dentinal tubules.

Citations

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A Short Report on the Effectiveness of Edge Taper Platinum and XP-3D Shaper for the Reduction of Enterococcus faecalis Count in the Root Canal System: An Ex Vivo Study
Hanie Moaveni, Parastou Ghahari, Samira Behrad, Majid Mirmohammadkhani, Sobhan Rashmee, Somayeh Teimoori
Avicenna Journal of Dental Research.2024; 16(2): 77. CrossRef
Shaping ability of non‐adaptive and adaptive core nickel–titanium single‐file systems with supplementary file in ribbon‐shaped canals analysed by micro‐computed tomography
Parichat Chinchiyanont, Kallaya Yanpiset, Danuchit Banomyong, Nathamon Thongbai‐On
Australian Endodontic Journal.2023; 49(1): 38. CrossRef
Impact XP-endo finisher on the 1-year follow-up success of posterior root canal treatments: a randomized clinical trial
Ludmila Smith de Jesus Oliveira, Fabricio Eneas Diniz de Figueiredo, Janaina Araújo Dantas, Maria Amália Gonzaga Ribeiro, Carlos Estrela, Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto, André Luis Faria-e-Silva
Clinical Oral Investigations.2023; 27(12): 7595. CrossRef
In vitro reduction in Enterococcus faecalis count following root canal preparation with Neolix and XP shaper rotary files
Mina Mehrjouei, Somayeh Teimoori, Majid Mirmohammadkhani, Seyed Majed Mortazavi, Maryam Khorasanchi
Saudi Endodontic Journal.2023; 13(3): 236. CrossRef
Antibacterial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite versus apple cider vinegar against Enterococcus faecalis in contracted endodontic cavity
Kaur Supreet, Karkala Venkappa Kishan, Nimisha Chinmay Shah
Endodontology.2022; 34(4): 254. CrossRef
Ex vivo evaluation of the effectiveness of XP-endo Finisher on the removal of smear layer from the root canal
Sângela Maria PEREIRA, Ceci Nunes CARVALHO, Rudys Rodolfo TAVAREZ, Paulo NELSON-FILHO, Léa Assed Bezerra DA SILVA, Etevaldo Matos MAIA FILHO
RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Biofilm elimination from infected root canals using four different single files
Sarah A. Hamed, Sarah Shabayek, Hayam Y. Hassan
BMC Oral Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The effectiveness of the supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher on bacteria content reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ludmila Smith de Jesus Oliveira, Rafaella Mariana Fontes de Bragança, Rafael Sarkis-Onofre, André Luis Faria-e-Silva
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Combination of a new ultrasonic tip with rotary systems for the preparation of flattened root canals
Karina Ines Medina Carita Tavares, Jáder Camilo Pinto, Airton Oliveira Santos-Junior, Fernanda Ferrari Esteves Torres, Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru, Mario Tanomaru-Filho
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Adaptive, Rotary, and Manual Root Canal Instrumentation in Primary Molars: A Triple-Armed, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Bhaggyashri A. Pawar, Ajinkya M. Pawar, Anuj Bhardwaj, Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum, Amelia Kristanti Rahardjo, Alexander Maniangat Luke, Zvi Metzger, Anda Kfir
Biology.2021; 10(1): 42. CrossRef
Complete Obturation—Cold Lateral Condensation vs. Thermoplastic Techniques: A Systematic Review of Micro-CT Studies
Shilpa Bhandi, Mohammed Mashyakhy, Abdulaziz S. Abumelha, Mazen F. Alkahtany, Mohamed Jamal, Hitesh Chohan, A. Thirumal Raj, Luca Testarelli, Rodolfo Reda, Shankargouda Patil
Materials.2021; 14(14): 4013. CrossRef
The Effects of Different Endodontic Access Cavity Design and Using XP-endo Finisher on the Reduction of Enterococcus faecalis in the Root Canal System
Pelin Tüfenkçi, Koray Yılmaz
Journal of Endodontics.2020; 46(3): 419. CrossRef
Irrigation in Endodontics: a Review
Sarah Bukhari, Alaa Babaeer
Current Oral Health Reports.2019; 6(4): 367. CrossRef

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Antifungal effects of synthetic human β-defensin 3-C15 peptide: Sang-Min Lim, Ki-Bum Ahn, Christine Kim, Jong-Won Kum, Hiran Perinpanayagam, Yu Gu, Yeon-Jee Yoo, Seok Woo Chang, Seung Hyun Han, Won-Jun Shon, Woocheol Lee, Seung-Ho Baek, Qiang Zhu, Kee-Yeon Kum; Restor Dent Endod 2016;41(2):91-97. Published online March 17, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2016.41.2.91

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

The purpose of this ex vivo study was to compare the antifungal activity of a synthetic peptide consisting of 15 amino acids at the C-terminus of human β-defensin 3 (HBD3-C15) with calcium hydroxide (CH) and Nystatin (Nys) against Candida albicans (C. albicans) biofilm.

Materials and Methods

C. albicans were grown on cover glass bottom dishes or human dentin disks for 48 hr, and then treated with HBD3-C15 (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 µg/mL), CH (100 µg/mL), and Nys (20 µg/mL) for 7 days at 37℃. On cover glass, live and dead cells in the biomass were measured by the FilmTracer Biofilm viability assay, and observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). On dentin, normal, diminished and ruptured cells were observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results were subjected to a two-tailed t-test, a one way analysis variance and a post hoc test at a significance level of p = 0.05.

Results

C. albicans survival on dentin was inhibited by HBD3-C15 in a dose-dependent manner. There were fewer aggregations of C. albicans in the groups of Nys and HBD3-C15 (≥ 100 µg/mL). CLSM showed C. albicans survival was reduced by HBD3-C15 in a dose dependent manner. Nys and HBD3-C15 (≥ 100 µg/mL) showed significant fungicidal activity compared to CH group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Synthetic HBD3-C15 peptide (≥ 100 µg/mL) and Nys exhibited significantly higher antifungal activity than CH against C. albicans by inhibiting cell survival and biofilm.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Current status of antimicrobial peptides databases and computational tools for optimization
Madhulika Jha, Akash Nautiyal, Kumud Pant, Navin Kumar
Environment Conservation Journal.2025; 26(1): 281. CrossRef
Anti-fungal peptides: an emerging category with enthralling therapeutic prospects in the treatment of candidiasis
Jyoti Sankar Prusty, Ashwini Kumar, Awanish Kumar
Critical Reviews in Microbiology.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Harnessing antimicrobial peptides in endodontics
Xinzi Kong, Vijetha Vishwanath, Prasanna Neelakantan, Zhou Ye
International Endodontic Journal.2024; 57(7): 815. CrossRef
Human β-defensins and their synthetic analogs: Natural defenders and prospective new drugs of oral health
Mumian Chen, Zihe Hu, Jue Shi, Zhijian Xie
Life Sciences.2024; 346: 122591. CrossRef
Candida albicans Virulence Factors and Pathogenicity for Endodontic Infections
Yeon-Jee Yoo, A Reum Kim, Hiran Perinpanayagam, Seung Hyun Han, Kee-Yeon Kum
Microorganisms.2020; 8(9): 1300. CrossRef
Innate Inspiration: Antifungal Peptides and Other Immunotherapeutics From the Host Immune Response
Derry K. Mercer, Deborah A. O'Neil
Frontiers in Immunology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Human salivary proteins and their peptidomimetics: Values of function, early diagnosis, and therapeutic potential in combating dental caries
Kun Wang, Xuedong Zhou, Wei Li, Linglin Zhang
Archives of Oral Biology.2019; 99: 31. CrossRef
Endodontic biofilms: contemporary and future treatment options
Yeon-Jee Yoo, Hiran Perinpanayagam, Soram Oh, A-Reum Kim, Seung-Hyun Han, Kee-Yeon Kum
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Bioactive Peptides Against Fungal Biofilms
Karen G. N. Oshiro, Gisele Rodrigues, Bruna Estéfani D. Monges, Marlon Henrique Cardoso, Octávio Luiz Franco
Frontiers in Microbiology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Anticandidal Potential of Stem Bark Extract from Schima superba and the Identification of Its Major Anticandidal Compound
Chun Wu, Hong-Tan Wu, Qing Wang, Guey-Horng Wang, Xue Yi, Yu-Pei Chen, Guang-Xiong Zhou
Molecules.2019; 24(8): 1587. CrossRef
Synthetic Human β Defensin-3-C15 Peptide in Endodontics: Potential Therapeutic Agent in Streptococcus gordonii Lipoprotein-Stimulated Human Dental Pulp-Derived Cells
Yeon-Jee Yoo, Hiran Perinpanayagam, Jue-Yeon Lee, Soram Oh, Yu Gu, A-Reum Kim, Seok-Woo Chang, Seung-Ho Baek, Kee-Yeon Kum
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2019; 21(1): 71. CrossRef
Candida Infections and Therapeutic Strategies: Mechanisms of Action for Traditional and Alternative Agents
Giselle C. de Oliveira Santos, Cleydlenne C. Vasconcelos, Alberto J. O. Lopes, Maria do S. de Sousa Cartágenes, Allan K. D. B. Filho, Flávia R. F. do Nascimento, Ricardo M. Ramos, Emygdia R. R. B. Pires, Marcelo S. de Andrade, Flaviane M. G. Rocha, Cristi
Frontiers in Microbiology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Perspectives for clinical use of engineered human host defense antimicrobial peptides
María Eugenia Pachón-Ibáñez, Younes Smani, Jerónimo Pachón, Javier Sánchez-Céspedes
FEMS Microbiology Reviews.2017; 41(3): 323. CrossRef
The synthetic human beta-defensin-3 C15 peptide exhibits antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, both alone and in combination with dental disinfectants
Ki Bum Ahn, A. Reum Kim, Kee-Yeon Kum, Cheol-Heui Yun, Seung Hyun Han
Journal of Microbiology.2017; 55(10): 830. CrossRef
Antibiofilm peptides against oral biofilms
Zhejun Wang, Ya Shen, Markus Haapasalo
Journal of Oral Microbiology.2017; 9(1): 1327308. CrossRef
Humanβ-Defensin 3 Reduces TNF-α-Induced Inflammation and Monocyte Adhesion in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Tianying Bian, Houxuan Li, Qian Zhou, Can Ni, Yangheng Zhang, Fuhua Yan
Mediators of Inflammation.2017; 2017: 1. CrossRef
Antifungal Effects of Synthetic Human Beta-defensin-3-C15 Peptide on Candida albicans –infected Root Dentin
Yeon-Jee Yoo, Ikyung Kwon, So-Ram Oh, Hiran Perinpanayagam, Sang-Min Lim, Ki-Bum Ahn, Yoon Lee, Seung-Hyun Han, Seok-Woo Chang, Seung-Ho Baek, Qiang Zhu, Kee-Yeon Kum
Journal of Endodontics.2017; 43(11): 1857. CrossRef
A 15-amino acid C-terminal peptide of beta-defensin-3 inhibits bone resorption by inhibiting the osteoclast differentiation and disrupting podosome belt formation
Ok-Jin Park, Jiseon Kim, Ki Bum Ahn, Jue Yeon Lee, Yoon-Jeong Park, Kee-Yeon Kum, Cheol-Heui Yun, Seung Hyun Han
Journal of Molecular Medicine.2017; 95(12): 1315. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Surface roughness of experimental composite resins using confocal laser scanning microscope: JH Bae, MA Lee, BH Cho; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2008;33(1):1-8. Published online January 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2008.33.1.001

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a new resin monomer, filler size and polishing technique on the surface roughness of composite resin restorations using confocal laser scanning microscopy. By adding new methoxylated Bis-GMA (Bis-M-GMA, 2,2-bis[4-(2-methoxy-3-methacryloyloxy propoxy) phenyl] propane) having low viscosity, the content of TEGDMA might be decreased. Three experimental composite resins were made: EX1 (Bis-M-GMA/TEGDMA = 95/5 wt%, 40 mm nanofillers); EX2 (Bis-M-GMA/TEGDMA = 95/5 wt%, 20 mm nanofillers); EX3 (Bis-GMA/TEGDMA = 70/30 wt%, 40 mm nanofillers). Filtek Z250 was used as a reference.

Nine specimens (6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) for each experimental composite resin and Filtek Z250 were fabricated in a teflon mold and assigned to three groups. In Mylar strip group, specimens were left undisturbed. In Sof-lex group, specimens were ground with #1000 SiC paper and polished with Sof-lex discs. In DiaPolisher group, specimens were ground with #1000 SiC paper and polished with DiaPolisher polishing points. The Ra (Average roughness), Rq (Root mean square roughness), Rv (Valley roughness), Rp (Peak roughness), Rc (2D roughness) and Sc (3D roughness) values were determined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The data were statistically analyzed by Two-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparisons test (p = 0.05).

The type of composite resin and polishing technique significantly affected the surface roughness of the composite resin restorations (p < 0.001). EX3 showed the smoothest surface compared to the other composite resins (p < 0.05). Mylar strip resulted in smoother surface than other polishing techniques (p < 0.05).

Bis-M-GMA, a new resin monomer having low viscosity, might reduce the amount of diluent, but showed adverse effect on the surface roughness of composite resin restorations.

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Effect of dentinal tubules orientation on penetration pattern of dentin adhesives using confocal laser scanning microscopy: Dong-Jun Kim, Yun-Chan Hwang, Sun-Ho Kim, Won-Mann Oh, In-Nam Hwang; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2003;28(5):392-401. Published online September 30, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2003.28.5.392

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the penetration pattern of dentin adhesives according to the orientation of dentinal tubules with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Specimens having perpendicular, parallel and oblique surface to dentinal tubules were fabricated. The primer of dentin adhesives (ALL BOND® 2, CLEARFIL™ SE BOND and PQ1) was mixed with fluorescent material, rhodamine B isothiocyanate (Aldrich Chem. CO., Milw., USA). It was applied to the specimens according to the instructions of manufactures. The specimens were covered with composite resin (Estelite, shade A2) and then cut to a thickness of 500 µm with low speed saw (Isomet™, Buehler, USA). The adhesive pattern of dentin adhesives were observed by fluorescence image using confocal laser scanning microscopy.

The results were as follows.

For the groups with tubules perpendicular to bonded surface, funnel shape of resin tag was observed in all specimen. However, resin tags were more prominent in phosphoric acid etching system (ALL BOND® 2 and PQ1) than self etching system (CLEARFIL™ SE BOND).

For the groups with tubules parallel to bonded surface, rhodamine-labeled primer penetrated into peritubular dentin parallel to the orientation of dentinal tubules. But rhodamine-labeled primer of PQ1 diffused more radially into surrounding intertubular dentin than other dentin adhesive systems.

For the groups with tubules oblique to bonded surface, resin tags appeared irregular and discontinuous. But they penetrated deeper into dentinal tubules than other groups.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Bonding efficacy of cured or uncured dentin adhesives in indirect resin
Ji-Hyun Jang, Bin-Na Lee, Hoon-Sang Chang, Yun-Chan Hwang, Won-Mann Oh, In-Nam Hwang
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2011; 36(6): 490. CrossRef

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