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• Comparative evaluation of cleaning efficiency of single file NiTi rotary system during root canal treatment procedure - A scanning electron microscope study
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• Reciprocial movements of endodontic files - simpler and more certain therapeutic procedure
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• Canal transportation and centering ability of root canals prepared using rotary and reciprocating systems with and without PathFiles in cone-beam computed tomography-based three-dimensional molar prototypes
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• Transportation assessment in artificial curved canals after instrumentation with Reciproc, Reciproc Blue, and XP‐endo Shaper Systems
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• The impact of clinical use on the torsional behavior of Reciproc and WaveOne instruments
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The purpose of this study was to compare the root canal shaping ability of 4 rotary NiTi instruments in simulated root canals.

For the preparation of thirty two curved root canals, Mtwo instruments using "single length"technique, and Profile, ProTaper Universal, and K3 using crown-down technique (N = 8) were used. All canal samples were prepared by reaching an apical canal size of #30. Pre- and post-instrumentation digital images were recorded and an assessment of canal shape was determined using a computer image analysis program SigmaScan Pro (Systat Software Inc., San Jose, CA, USA). The changes of the dimension of inner walls of canals, (2) the changes of the dimension of outer walls of canals, and (3) the centering ratio were measured at 7 measuring points, and then data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's test. The results were as below;

The root canal shaping ability of Profile was significantly faster than that of other rotary NiTi instruments (p < 0.05).

Results suggest that in the coronal part of canal preparation, active cutting files such as ProTaper Universal may efficiently flare the canal orifice and form a better taper, and in the apical part of the canal, files which have a better centering ability such as Profile may maintain the original canal curvature and reduce the shaping time.

Citations

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• A comparison of dimensional standard of several nickel-titanium rotary files
  Ki-Won Kim, Kyung-Mo Cho, Se-Hee Park, Ki-Yeol Choi, Bekir Karabucak, Jin-Woo Kim
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2014; 39(1): 7.     CrossRef

Currently, various Nickel-Titanium rotary files are used in endodontic treatment, but there is no one perfect system that can be applied to any clinical situation. Therefore, the combined uses of various file systems which can emphasize the advantages of each system are introduced as hybrid instrumentation.

The ProTaper system is efficient in body shaping and apical pre-enlargement but is reported to have more possibility of transportation and produce more aberrations and deformation in more or less severe curved canals. Recently, new ProTaper system (ProTaper Universal) with different configuration and cross-sectional design to overcome the week points of ProTaper have been marketed.

The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the shaping abilities of ProTaper, ProTaper Universal system, and two hybrid methods using S-series of ProTaper Universal and Hero Shaper or ProFile.

The time lapses for instrumentation were measured and the used files were inspected for distortion. The pre- and post-instrumented root canals were scanned and superimposed to evaluate the aberrations and reduction of root canal curvature and change of radius of canal curvature. The increased canal width and apical centering ratio were calculated at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm levels from apical foramen.

Under the conditions of this study, the ProTaper Universal seems to have better shaping ability than ProTaper in terms of instrumented width and instrumentation time. It may be suggested that the ProTaper Universal system is efficient as much as hybrid instrumentation using ProTaper and other constant-tapered NiTi file systems in highly experienced operators.

Citations

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• A survey of experience-based preference of Nickel-Titanium rotary files and incidence of fracture among general dentists
  WooCheol Lee, Minju Song, Euiseong Kim, Hyojin Lee, Hyeon-Cheol Kim
  Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2012; 37(4): 201.     CrossRef
• Mechanical and geometric features of endodontic instruments and its clinical effect
  Hyeon-Cheol Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2011; 36(1): 1.     CrossRef

Protein microarray or protein chips is potentially powerful tools for analysis of protein-protein interactions. APin cDNA was previously identified and cloned from a rat odontoblast cDNA library. The purpose of this study was to investigate the APin-protein interactions during ameloblast differentiation. Protein microarray was carried with recombinant APin protein and MEF2, Aurora kinase A, BMPR-IB and EF-hand calcium binding protein were selected among 74 interacting proteins. Immortalized ameloblast cells (ALCs) were transfected with pCMV-APin construct and U6-APin siRNA construct. After transfection, the expression of the mRNAs for four proteins selected by protein micoarrays were assessed by RT-PCR.

The results were as follows:

1. APin expression was increased and decreased markedly after its over-expression and inactivation, respectively.

2. Over-expression of the APin in the ALCs markedly down-regulated the expression of MEF2 and Aurora kinase A, whereas their expression remained unchanged by its inactivation.

3. Expression of BMPR-IB and EF-hand calcium binding protein were markedly increased by the overexpression of the APin in the ALCs, whereas expression of BMPR-IB remained unchanged and expression of EF-hand calcium binding protein was markedly decreased by its inactivation.

These results suggest that APin plays an important role in ameloblast differentiation and mineralization by regulating the expression of MEF2, Aurora kinase A, BMPR-IB and EF-hand calcium binding protein.

The aims of this study were to compare the shaping effect and safety between single length technique recommended by manufacturer and crown-down technique using Mtwo rotary file and to present a modified method in use of Mtwo file.

Sixty simulated root canal resin blocks were used. The canals were divided into three groups according to instrument and the manner of using methods. Each group had 20 specimens. Group MT was instrumented with single length technique of Mtwo, group MC was instrumented with crowndown technique of Mtwo and group PT was instrumented with crown-down technique of ProTaper. All of the rotary files used in this study were operated by an electric motor. The scanned canal images of before and after preparation were superimposed. These superimposed images were evaluated at apical 1 to 8 mm levels. Angle changes were calculated. The preparation time, weight loss, instrument failure and binding, canal aberrations, and centering ratio were measured. Statistical analysis of the three experimental groups was performed with ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range tests for post-hoc comparison and Fisher's exact test was done for the frequency comparison.

In total preparation time, group MT and group MC were less than group PT. In the aberrations, group MT had more elbows than those of group MC and group PT. The binding of group MC was least and group MT was less than group PT (P < 0.05).

Under the condition of this study, crown-down technique using Mtwo rotary file is better and safer method than single length technique recommended by the manufacturer.

This study was aimed to elucidate the biological function of OD314 (Apin protein), which is related toameloblast differentiation and amelogenesis. Apin protein, calcifying epithelial odontogenic (pindborg) tumors (CEOTs)-associated amyloid, were isolated from CEOTs, and has similar nucleotide sequences to OD314. We examined expression of the OD314 mRNA using in-situ hybridization during tooth development in mice. Expression of OD314 and several enamel matrix proteins were examined in the cultured ameloblast cell line up to 28 days by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification. After inactivation and over-expression of the OD314 gene in ameloblast cell lines using U6 vector-driven RNA interference and CMV-OD314 construct, RT-PCR were performed to evaluate the effect of the OD314 during amelogenesis.

The results were as follows:

1. In in-situ hybridization, OD314 mRNAs were more strongly expressed in ameloblast than odontoblast.

2. When ameloblast cells were cultured in the differentiation and mineralization medium for 28 days, the tuftelin mRNA expression was maintained from the beginning to day 14, and then gradually decreased to day 28. The expressions of amelogenin and enamelin were gradually decreased according to the ameloblast differentiation.

3. Inactivation of OD314 by U6-OD314 siRNA construct down-regulated the expression of OD314, MMP-20, and tuftelin, whereas over-expression of OD314 by CMV-OD314 construct up-regulated the expression of OD314 and MMP-20 without change in tuftelin.

These results suggest that OD314 is considered as an ameloblast-enriched gene and may play the important roles in ameloblast differentiation and mineralization.

The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping ability of three Ni-Ti file systems used by dental students or the experts and consequently to aid in choosing a proper systems for educational courses of dental students and beginners.

Fifty students and ten dentists who have clinical experience over two years prepared 180 simulated root canals in resin blocks with three Ni-Ti systems; ProFile® (PF), HeroShaper® (HS), K3^TM (K3).

After preparation, the Ni-Ti files were evaluated for distortion and canal preparation time was recorded. The images of pre- and post-instrumented canals were scanned and superimposed. Amounts of increased canal widths, deviation, and centering ratio were calculated at apical 1, 3 and 5 mm levels and statistical analysis was performed.

The results were as follows:

HS showed the shortest preparation time and instrumented canal width in K3 was significantly larger than other groups (P < 0.05).

Based on the results, it is surmised that the ProFile® is the safest and most ideal instrument for students and beginners.

Citations

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• A comparative study of root canal shaping using protaper universal and protaper next rotary files in preclinical dental education
  Gül Çelik, Feyza Özdemir Kısacık, Emir Faruk Yılmaz, Arife Mersinlioğlu, İhsan Furkan Ertuğrul, Hikmet Orhan
  PeerJ.2019; 7: e7419.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping ability of the two different Ni-Ti file systems and the two different engine systems in simulated canals.

A total of four groups of each 10 were tested. Each group was instrumented with HeroShaper®and Endo-Mate2® (Group HE), HeroShaper® and Tecnika® (Group HT), ProFile® and Endo-Mate2® (Group PE), and ProFile® and Tecnika® (Group PT).

Canal preparation time was recorded. The images of pre- and post-instrumented root canals were scanned and superimposed. The amounts of increased width and centering ratio were measured and calculated at apical 1, 3 and 5 mm levels.

These data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test

The results of this study were as follows;

1. Canal preparation time of HT group was the shortest (p < 0.05).

2. The amount of increased canal width in HE group was significantly larger than PT group at apical 1 mm level (p < 0.05). At apical 3 mm level, PT group was significantly smaller than other groups (p < 0.05). At apical 5 mm level, PE group was significantly larger than PT group (p < 0.05).

3. The amount of centering ratio in HE group was significantly larger than other groups (p < 0.05). At apical 5 mm level, HT group was significantly larger than PE group and PT group (p < 0.05).

Under the condition of this study, torque-controlled endodontic motor is safer than no torque controlled motor, especially when the active file is used.

The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping ability of the three ProTaper® instrumentation techniques in simulated canals.

Thirty resin blocks were divided into 3 groups with 10 canals each. Each group was instrumented with manual ProTaper® (Group M), rotary ProTaper® (Group R), and hybrid technique (Group H). Canal preparation time was recorded. The images of pre- and post-instrumented root canals were scanned and superimposed. The amounts of canal deviation, total canal width, inner canal width, outer canal width and centering ratio were measured at apical 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mm levels.

1. Canal preparation time was the shortest in R group (p < 0.05).

2. The amounts of total canal width in R group was generally larger than the other groups, but no significant differences were observed except at the 1, 3 mm levels (p > 0.05).

3. The amounts of inner canal width in R group was larger than M group at the 1 mm level and H group was larger than R group at the 6 mm level (p < 0.05). The amounts of outer canal width in R group was larger than H group only at the 1 mm level (p < 0.05).

4. The direction of canal deviation in H, R group at the 1, 2, 3 mm levels was outward and that in M group at the 1, 2 mm levels was inward. The amounts of canal deviation in H group was larger than R group at the 6 mm level (p < 0.05).

5. The amounts of centering ratio in H group was larger than R group at the 6 mm level (p < 0.05).

The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the shaping ability of the three different Ni-Ti file systems used by undergraduate students.

Fifty undergraduate students prepared 150 simulated curved root canals in resin blocks with three Ni-Ti file systems - ProFile® (PF), Manual ProTaper® (MPT), Rotary ProTape® (RPT). Every student prepared 3 simulated root canals with each system respectively. After root canal preparation, the Ni-Ti files were evaluated for distortion or breakage. Assessments were made according to the presence of various types of canal aberrations. The pre- and post-instrumented canal images were attained and superimposed. The instrumented root canal width were measured and calculated for the net transportation (deviation) and the centering ratio.

Under the condition of this study, both ProTaper® systems allowed significantly more removal of root canal wall than the ProFile® system. In the important other aspects such as the centering ratio, there was no significant differences between the systems. Novice dental students were able to prepare curved root canals with any kinds of Ni-Ti file systems with little aberration and great conservation of tooth structure. Students want to learn effective methods and at the same time simple rotary procedures. The rotary ProTaper® systems were one of the most compatible to these students from the point of view of cutting ability. The ProFile® system was also compatible in safe and gentle shaping.

Citations

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• Prognostic factors influencing clinical outcome of nonsurgical endodontic treatment
  Seonah Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(6): 436.     CrossRef
• Stress distribution of three NiTi rotary files under bending and torsional conditions using a mathematic analysis
  T. O. Kim, G. S. P. Cheung, J. M. Lee, B. M. Kim, B. Hur, H. C. Kim
  International Endodontic Journal.2009; 42(1): 14.     CrossRef
• Stress distribution of three NiTi rotary files under bending and torsional conditions using 3-dimensional finite element analysis
  Tae-Oh Kim, Chan-Joo Lee, Byung-Min Kim, Jeong-Kil Park, Bock Hur, Hyeon-Cheol Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2008; 33(4): 323.     CrossRef
• Comparison of shaping ability between single length technique and crown-down technique using Mtwo rotary file
  Yoo-Kyoung Lim, Jeong-Kil Park, Bock Hur, Hyeon-Cheol Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2007; 32(4): 385.     CrossRef
• Comparison of shaping ability using various Nickel-Titanium rotary files and hybrid technique
  Jung-Won Kim, Jeong-Kil Park, Bock Hur, Hyeon-Cheol Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2007; 32(6): 530.     CrossRef
• Comparison of shaping ability of rotary Ni-Ti file systems used by undergraduates
  Mun-Seong Kang, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Bock Hur, Jeong-Kil Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006; 31(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Comparison of shaping ability between various hybrid instrumentation methods with ProTaper
  Eun-Sook Hong, Jeong-Kil Park, Bock Hur, Hyeon-Cheol Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006; 31(1): 11.     CrossRef

The aim of this study was to evaluate the shaping abilities of four different rotary nickel-titanium instruments with anticurvature motion to prepare root canal at danger zone by measuring the change of dentin thickness in order to have techniques of safe preparation of canals with nickel-titanium files.

Mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals of forty mesial roots of extracted human lower molars were instrumented using the crown-down technique with ProFile, GT™ Rotary file, Quantec file and ProTaper™. In each root, one canal was prepared with a straight up-and-down motion and the other canal was with an anticurvature motion. Canals were instrumented until apical foramens were up to size of 30 by one operator. The muffle system was used to evaluate the root canal preparation. After superimposing the pre- and post-instrumentation canal, change in root dentin thickness was measured at the inner and outer sides of the canal at 1, 3, and 5 mm levels from the furcation. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA.

Root dentin thickness at danger zone was significantly thinner than that at safe zone at all levels (p < 0.05).

There was no significant difference in the change of root dentin thickness between the straight up-and-down and the anticurvature motions at both danger and safe zones in all groups (p > 0.05).

ProTaper removed significantly more dentin than other files especially at furcal 3 mm level of danger and safe zones (p < 0.05)

Therefore, it was concluded that anticurvature motion with nickel-titanium rotary instruments does not seem to be effective in danger zone of lower molars.

Citations

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• Conservation of dentin thickness in the root canals orifice following two preparation techniques
  Ranjdar Talabani, Shawbo Ahmad, Arass Noori
  Sulaimani Dental Journal.2014; 1(2): 6.     CrossRef
• Change of working length in curved canals by various instrumentation techniques
  Jeong-Im Jo, Myoung-Uk Jin, Young Kyung Kim, Sung Kyo Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006; 31(1): 30.     CrossRef
• Effect of anticurvature filing method on preparation of the curved root canal using ProFile
  Hyun-Ji Song, Juhea Chang, Kyung-Mo Cho, Jin-Woo Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2005; 30(4): 327.     CrossRef

This study compared the shaping ability of nickel-titanium rotary files with different rake angle and radial land.

The nickel-titanium files used in this study were Profile(Dentsply, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), Hero 642(Micromega, Besancon, France), and K3(SybronEndo, Glendora, Ca, USA) file. Resin blocks substituted for root canals. 36 resin blocks were divided into 3 groups with 12 canals each. The time for canal preparation was recorded. The images of pre- and postoperative resin canal were scanned and those were superimposed. Amounts of canal deviation, total canal widths, inner canal widths, and outer canal widths were measured at apical 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7mm levels.

The amount of canal deviation was the smallest in Profile group, and the time for canal preparation was the shortest in Hero 642 group. K3 group resulted in competent characteristics in both measurements. Positive rake angle seemed to result in fast shaping of root canal and radial land guide the instrument in center of the canals and around curvatures. Radial land also tended to reduce the sense of screwing into the root canal.

The proper selection of the nickel-titanium file based on the knowledge about file design is needed for the safer, simpler and faster root canal therapy.

Citations

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• Comparison of screw-in effect for several nickel-titanium rotary instruments in simulated resin root canal
  Jung-Hong Ha, Myoung-Uk Jin, Young-Kyung Kim, Sung-Kyo Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(4): 267.     CrossRef
• Influence of root canal curvature on the screw-in effect of nickel-titanium rotary files in simulated resin root canal
  Ji-Young Son, Jung-Hong Ha, Young-Kyung Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(5): 374.     CrossRef
• Comparison of shaping ability using various Nickel-Titanium rotary files and hybrid technique
  Jung-Won Kim, Jeong-Kil Park, Bock Hur, Hyeon-Cheol Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2007; 32(6): 530.     CrossRef
• Comparison of shaping ability of rotary Ni-Ti file systems used by undergraduates
  Mun-Seong Kang, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Bock Hur, Jeong-Kil Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006; 31(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Comparative study on morphology of cross-section and cyclic fatigue test with different rotary NiTi files and handling methods
  Jae-Gwan Kim, Kee-Yeon Kum, Eui-Seong Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006; 31(2): 96.     CrossRef
• Comparison of shaping ability between various hybrid instrumentation methods with ProTaper
  Eun-Sook Hong, Jeong-Kil Park, Bock Hur, Hyeon-Cheol Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2006; 31(1): 11.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to compare the initial apical file(IAF) first file that fits to the apex in each canal before and after early flaring to analyze if the size of file to fit to the apex would increase after flaring. Eighty anterior teeth with complete apical formation and patent foramens were selected. The samples were randomly divided into 4 groups(GG, OS, GT, PT Group) of 20 teeth each. A file was fit to the apex in each canal and that size recorded. Radicular flaring were completed using different types of instruments. After flaring a file was again fit to the apex in the same manner as before and its size recorded.

The results of this study were as follows:

1. The mean diameter of IAF before flaring(file diameters in mm×10^-2) was 19.81±8.32 before and 25.94±9.21 after(p<0.05).

2. The increase in diameter of IAF was approximately one file size for all groups.

3. Ranking of increasing diameter of IAF were GG>GT>OS>PT group. There was a statistically significant difference between before and after flaring(p<0.05).

4. Ranking of the time for flaring were GG>GT>OS>PT group. There was a statistically significant difference between GG group and other groups(p<0.05).

5. In the case without change of IAF diameter, they showed decrease in force after flaring when IAF was pulled out from root canal(p<0.05).

This study suggested that early radicular flaring increases the file size that is snug at the apex, and awareness of that difference gives the clinician a better sense of canal size. Early flaring of the canal provides better apical size information and with this awareness, a better decision can be made concerning the appropriate final diameter needed for complete apical shaping.