Comparison of shaping ability of rotary Ni-Ti file systems used by undergraduates

Mun-Seong Kang; Hyeon-Cheol Kim; Bock Hur; Jeong-Kil Park

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.1.001

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Original Article Comparison of shaping ability of rotary Ni-Ti file systems used by undergraduates: Mun-Seong Kang, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Bock Hur, Jeong-Kil Park; 2006;31(1):-10.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.1.001
Published online: January 31, 2006

Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Jeong-Kil Park. Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 1-10 Ami-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-739, Korea. Tel: 82-51-240-7454, jeongkil@pusan.ac.kr

• Received: July 27, 2005 • Revised: October 18, 2005 • Accepted: October 27, 2005

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping ability of three Ni-Ti file systems used by dental students or the experts and consequently to aid in choosing a proper systems for educational courses of dental students and beginners.

Fifty students and ten dentists who have clinical experience over two years prepared 180 simulated root canals in resin blocks with three Ni-Ti systems; ProFile® (PF), HeroShaper® (HS), K3^TM (K3).

After preparation, the Ni-Ti files were evaluated for distortion and canal preparation time was recorded. The images of pre- and post-instrumented canals were scanned and superimposed. Amounts of increased canal widths, deviation, and centering ratio were calculated at apical 1, 3 and 5 mm levels and statistical analysis was performed.

The results were as follows:
1. HS showed the shortest preparation time and instrumented canal width in K3 was significantly larger than other groups (P < 0.05).
2. At 1 and 3 mm levels, all groups had outward deviation. In student group, at the 1 mm level, PF had the least deviation (P < 0.05).
3. In the centering ratio, the PF had the best centering ability compared to the others at 5 mm level. At 1 and 3 mm levels, HS and PF had better abilities than K3. Student group had better ratio than the expert at 3 mm level with PF (P < 0.05).
Based on the results, it is surmised that the ProFile® is the safest and most ideal instrument for students and beginners.
Keywords: Undergraduates; Ni-Ti files; Hero Shaper; ProFile; K3; Shaping ability

Figure 1

Three representative superimposed images after instrumentation by each Ni-Ti file systems : ProFile® (Left), HeroShaper® (Mid), K3™ (Right). The three horizontal lines mean the measured levels of 1 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm.

Figure 2

Instrumented canal width and net transpo-rtation.

Net transportation = A - B

A: outward instrumented width

B: inward instrumented width

Table 1

Classification of groups

Table 2

Design of each file systems

Table 3

The instrumentation procedures of the Ni-Ti file systems

Table 4

Incidence of canal aberrations by instrument types

Table 5

The lapse of time (second) for each system (mean ± SD)

^*Significantly different values are annotated with the different superscript alphabet (P < 0.05).

Table 6

Increased canal width (µm) after root canal preparation (mean ± SD)

^*Significantly different values are annotated with the different superscript alphabet (P < 0.05).

REFERENCES

1. Garip Y, Gunday M. The use of computed tomography when comparing nickel-titanium and stainless steel files during preparation of simulated curved canals. Int Endod J. 2001;34(6):452-457.Article PubMed PDF
2. Baumann MA, Roth A. Effect of experience on quality of canal preparation with rotary nickel-titanium files. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;88(6):714-718.Article PubMed
3. Schafer E, Schulz-Bongert U, Tulus G. Comparison of hand stainless steel and nickel titanium rotary instrumentation: a clinical study. J Endod. 2004;30(6):432-435.Article PubMed
4. Peters OA. Current Challenges and Concepts in the Preparation of Root Canal Systems: A Review. J Endod. 2004;30(8):559-567.Article PubMed
5. Bergmans L, Van Cleynenbreugel J, Beullens M, Wevers M, Van Meerbeek B, Lambrechts P. Progressive versus constant tapered shaft design using NiTi rotary instruments. Int Endod J. 2003;36(4):288-295.Article PubMed PDF
6. Clauder T, Baumann MA. ProTaper NT system. Dent Clin North Am. 2004;48(1):87-111.Article PubMed
7. Schafer E. Shaping ability of Hero 642 rotary nickel-titanium instruments and stainless steel hand K-Flexofiles in simulated curved root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;92(2):215-220.Article PubMed
8. Hata G, Uemura M, Kato AS, Imura N, Novo NF, Toda T. A comparison of shaping ability using ProFile, GT file, and Flex-R endodontic instruments in simulated canals. J Endod. 2002;28(4):316-321.Article PubMed
9. Ankrum MT, Hartwell GR, Truitt JE. K3 Endo, ProTaper, and ProFile systems: breakage and distortion in severely curved roots of molars. J Endod. 2004;30(4):234-237.Article PubMed
10. Park WK, Lee HJ, Hur B. Shaping ability of nickel-titaniumrotary files. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2004;29(1):44-50.Article
11. Qualtrough AJ, Dummer PM. Undergraduate endodontic teaching in the United Kingdom: an update. Int Endod J. 1997;30(4):234-239.Article PubMed
12. Qualtrough AJ, Whitworth JM, Dummer PM. Preclinical endodontology: an international comparison. Int Endod J. 1999;32(5):406-414.Article PubMed
13. Sonntag D, Guntermann A, Kim SK, Stachniss V. Root canal shaping with manual stainless steel files and rotary Ni-Ti files performed by students. Int Endod J. 2003;36(4):246-255.Article PubMed PDF
14. Sonntag D, Delschen S, Stachniww V. Root-canal shaping with manual and rotary Ni-Ti files performed by students. Int Endod J. 2003;36(11):715-723.Article PubMed PDF
15. Hanni S, Schonenberger K, Peters OA, Barbakow F. Teaching an engine-driven preparation technique to undergraduates: initial observations. Int Endod J. 2003;36(7):476-482.Article PubMed PDF
16. Calhoun G, Montgomery S. The effects of four instrumentation techniques on root canal shape. J Endod. 1988;14(6):273-277.Article PubMed
17. Kosa DA, Marshall G, Baumgartner JC. An analysis of canal centering using mechanical instrumentation techniques. J Endod. 1999;25(6):441-445.Article PubMed
18. Parashos P, Messer HH. Questionnaire survey on the use of rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments by Australian dentists. Int Endod J. 2004;37(4):249-259.Article PubMed
19. Yared G, Bou Dagher F, Kulkarni K. Influence of torque control motors and the operator's proficiency on ProTaper failures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003;96(2):229-233.Article PubMed
20. Yared GM, Kulkarni GK. Failure of ProFile Ni-Ti instruments used by an inexperienced operator under access limitations. Int Endod J. 2002;35: 536-541.Article PubMed
21. Gambarini G. Cyclic fatigue of ProFile rotary instruments after prolonged clinical use. Int Endod J. 2001;34: 386-389.Article PubMed PDF
22. Szep S, Gerhardt T, Leitzbach C, Luder W, Heidemann D. Preparation of severely curved simulated root canals using engine-driven rotary and conventional hand instruments. Clin Oral Investig. 2001;5(1):17-25.Article PubMed PDF
23. Yared GM, Dagher FE, Machtou P, Kulkarni GK. Influence of rotational speed, torque and operator proficiency on failure of Greater Taper files. Int Endod J. 2002;35(1):7-12.Article PubMed
24. Yared GM, Bou dagher FE, Machtou P. Cyclic fatigue of ProFile rotary instruments after clinical use. Int Endod J. 2000;33: 204-207.Article PubMed
25. Park SH, Cho KM, Kim JW. The Efficiency of the Ni-Ti Rotary files in Curved Simulated Canals Shaped by Novice Operators. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2003;28(2):146-155.Article
26. Yun HH, Kim SK. A comparison of the shaping abilities of 4 nickel-titanium rotary instruments in simulated root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003;95(2):228-233.Article PubMed
27. Schafer E, Vlassis M. Comparative investigation of two rotary nickel-titanium instruments: ProTaper versus RaCe. Part 1. Shaping ability in simulated curved canals. Int Endod J. 2004;37(4):229-238.Article PubMed
28. Ko HJ, Baek SH. A study of histomorphological change of curved root canal preparation using GT rotary file, profile and stainless steel K-file. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2002;27(6):612-618.Article
29. Dobo-Nagy C, Serban T, Szabo J, Nagy G, Madlena M. A comparison of the shaping characteristics of two nickel-titanium endodontic hand instruments. Int Endod J. 2002;35: 283-288.Article PubMed
30. Song YL, Bian Z, Fan B, Fan MW, Gutmann JL, Peng B. A comparison of instrument-centering ability within the root canal for three contemporary instrumentation techniques. Int Endod J. 2004;37: 265-271.Article PubMed
31. Kim HC, Park JK, Hur B. Relative efficacy of three Ni-Ti file systems used by undergraduates. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2005;30(1):38-48.Article
32. Berutti E, Chiandussi G, Gaviglio I, Ibba A. Comparative analysis of torsional and bending stresses in two mathematical models of nickel-titanium rotary instruments: ProTaper versus ProFile. J Endod. 2003;29(1):15-19.Article PubMed

Tables & Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Instrumented canal width and net transpo-rtation.

Net transportation = A - B

A: outward instrumented width

B: inward instrumented width

Table 1

Classification of groups

Table 2

Design of each file systems

Table 3

The instrumentation procedures of the Ni-Ti file systems

Table 4

Incidence of canal aberrations by instrument types

Table 5

The lapse of time (second) for each system (mean ± SD)

^*Significantly different values are annotated with the different superscript alphabet (P < 0.05).

Table 6

Increased canal width (µm) after root canal preparation (mean ± SD)

^*Significantly different values are annotated with the different superscript alphabet (P < 0.05).

REFERENCES

1. Garip Y, Gunday M. The use of computed tomography when comparing nickel-titanium and stainless steel files during preparation of simulated curved canals. Int Endod J. 2001;34(6):452-457.Article PubMed PDF
2. Baumann MA, Roth A. Effect of experience on quality of canal preparation with rotary nickel-titanium files. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;88(6):714-718.Article PubMed
3. Schafer E, Schulz-Bongert U, Tulus G. Comparison of hand stainless steel and nickel titanium rotary instrumentation: a clinical study. J Endod. 2004;30(6):432-435.Article PubMed
4. Peters OA. Current Challenges and Concepts in the Preparation of Root Canal Systems: A Review. J Endod. 2004;30(8):559-567.Article PubMed
5. Bergmans L, Van Cleynenbreugel J, Beullens M, Wevers M, Van Meerbeek B, Lambrechts P. Progressive versus constant tapered shaft design using NiTi rotary instruments. Int Endod J. 2003;36(4):288-295.Article PubMed PDF
6. Clauder T, Baumann MA. ProTaper NT system. Dent Clin North Am. 2004;48(1):87-111.Article PubMed
7. Schafer E. Shaping ability of Hero 642 rotary nickel-titanium instruments and stainless steel hand K-Flexofiles in simulated curved root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;92(2):215-220.Article PubMed
8. Hata G, Uemura M, Kato AS, Imura N, Novo NF, Toda T. A comparison of shaping ability using ProFile, GT file, and Flex-R endodontic instruments in simulated canals. J Endod. 2002;28(4):316-321.Article PubMed
9. Ankrum MT, Hartwell GR, Truitt JE. K3 Endo, ProTaper, and ProFile systems: breakage and distortion in severely curved roots of molars. J Endod. 2004;30(4):234-237.Article PubMed
10. Park WK, Lee HJ, Hur B. Shaping ability of nickel-titaniumrotary files. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2004;29(1):44-50.Article
11. Qualtrough AJ, Dummer PM. Undergraduate endodontic teaching in the United Kingdom: an update. Int Endod J. 1997;30(4):234-239.Article PubMed
12. Qualtrough AJ, Whitworth JM, Dummer PM. Preclinical endodontology: an international comparison. Int Endod J. 1999;32(5):406-414.Article PubMed
13. Sonntag D, Guntermann A, Kim SK, Stachniss V. Root canal shaping with manual stainless steel files and rotary Ni-Ti files performed by students. Int Endod J. 2003;36(4):246-255.Article PubMed PDF
14. Sonntag D, Delschen S, Stachniww V. Root-canal shaping with manual and rotary Ni-Ti files performed by students. Int Endod J. 2003;36(11):715-723.Article PubMed PDF
15. Hanni S, Schonenberger K, Peters OA, Barbakow F. Teaching an engine-driven preparation technique to undergraduates: initial observations. Int Endod J. 2003;36(7):476-482.Article PubMed PDF
16. Calhoun G, Montgomery S. The effects of four instrumentation techniques on root canal shape. J Endod. 1988;14(6):273-277.Article PubMed
17. Kosa DA, Marshall G, Baumgartner JC. An analysis of canal centering using mechanical instrumentation techniques. J Endod. 1999;25(6):441-445.Article PubMed
18. Parashos P, Messer HH. Questionnaire survey on the use of rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments by Australian dentists. Int Endod J. 2004;37(4):249-259.Article PubMed
19. Yared G, Bou Dagher F, Kulkarni K. Influence of torque control motors and the operator's proficiency on ProTaper failures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003;96(2):229-233.Article PubMed
20. Yared GM, Kulkarni GK. Failure of ProFile Ni-Ti instruments used by an inexperienced operator under access limitations. Int Endod J. 2002;35: 536-541.Article PubMed
21. Gambarini G. Cyclic fatigue of ProFile rotary instruments after prolonged clinical use. Int Endod J. 2001;34: 386-389.Article PubMed PDF
22. Szep S, Gerhardt T, Leitzbach C, Luder W, Heidemann D. Preparation of severely curved simulated root canals using engine-driven rotary and conventional hand instruments. Clin Oral Investig. 2001;5(1):17-25.Article PubMed PDF
23. Yared GM, Dagher FE, Machtou P, Kulkarni GK. Influence of rotational speed, torque and operator proficiency on failure of Greater Taper files. Int Endod J. 2002;35(1):7-12.Article PubMed
24. Yared GM, Bou dagher FE, Machtou P. Cyclic fatigue of ProFile rotary instruments after clinical use. Int Endod J. 2000;33: 204-207.Article PubMed
25. Park SH, Cho KM, Kim JW. The Efficiency of the Ni-Ti Rotary files in Curved Simulated Canals Shaped by Novice Operators. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2003;28(2):146-155.Article
26. Yun HH, Kim SK. A comparison of the shaping abilities of 4 nickel-titanium rotary instruments in simulated root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003;95(2):228-233.Article PubMed
27. Schafer E, Vlassis M. Comparative investigation of two rotary nickel-titanium instruments: ProTaper versus RaCe. Part 1. Shaping ability in simulated curved canals. Int Endod J. 2004;37(4):229-238.Article PubMed
28. Ko HJ, Baek SH. A study of histomorphological change of curved root canal preparation using GT rotary file, profile and stainless steel K-file. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2002;27(6):612-618.Article
29. Dobo-Nagy C, Serban T, Szabo J, Nagy G, Madlena M. A comparison of the shaping characteristics of two nickel-titanium endodontic hand instruments. Int Endod J. 2002;35: 283-288.Article PubMed
30. Song YL, Bian Z, Fan B, Fan MW, Gutmann JL, Peng B. A comparison of instrument-centering ability within the root canal for three contemporary instrumentation techniques. Int Endod J. 2004;37: 265-271.Article PubMed
31. Kim HC, Park JK, Hur B. Relative efficacy of three Ni-Ti file systems used by undergraduates. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2005;30(1):38-48.Article
32. Berutti E, Chiandussi G, Gaviglio I, Ibba A. Comparative analysis of torsional and bending stresses in two mathematical models of nickel-titanium rotary instruments: ProTaper versus ProFile. J Endod. 2003;29(1):15-19.Article PubMed

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A comparative study of root canal shaping using protaper universal and protaper next rotary files in preclinical dental education
Gül Çelik, Feyza Özdemir Kısacık, Emir Faruk Yılmaz, Arife Mersinlioğlu, İhsan Furkan Ertuğrul, Hikmet Orhan
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Comparison of shaping ability of rotary Ni-Ti file systems used by undergraduates

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2006;31(1):1-10. Published online January 31, 2006

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.1.001

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Figure

Comparison of shaping ability of rotary Ni-Ti file systems used by undergraduates

Figure 1 Three representative superimposed images after instrumentation by each Ni-Ti file systems : ProFile® (Left), HeroShaper® (Mid), K3™ (Right). The three horizontal lines mean the measured levels of 1 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm.

Figure 2 Instrumented canal width and net transpo-rtation. Net transportation = A - B A: outward instrumented width B: inward instrumented width

Figure 1

Figure 2

Comparison of shaping ability of rotary Ni-Ti file systems used by undergraduates

Table 1

Classification of groups

Table 2

Design of each file systems

Table 3

The instrumentation procedures of the Ni-Ti file systems

Table 4

Incidence of canal aberrations by instrument types

Table 5

The lapse of time (second) for each system (mean ± SD)

^*Significantly different values are annotated with the different superscript alphabet (P < 0.05).

Table 6

Increased canal width (µm) after root canal preparation (mean ± SD)

^*Significantly different values are annotated with the different superscript alphabet (P < 0.05).

Table 1 Classification of groups

Table 2 Design of each file systems

Table 3 The instrumentation procedures of the Ni-Ti file systems

Table 4 Incidence of canal aberrations by instrument types

Table 5 The lapse of time (second) for each system (mean ± SD)

^*Significantly different values are annotated with the different superscript alphabet (P < 0.05).

Table 6 Increased canal width (µm) after root canal preparation (mean ± SD)

^*Significantly different values are annotated with the different superscript alphabet (P < 0.05).