Real-time measurement of dentinal fluid flow during desensitizing agent application

Sun-Young Kim; Eun-Joo Kim; In-Bog Lee

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.5.313

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Basic Research Real-time measurement of dentinal fluid flow during desensitizing agent application: Sun-Young Kim, DDS, PhD¹, Eun-Joo Kim, DDS, PhD², In-Bog Lee, DDS, PhD³; 2010;35(5):-320.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.5.313
Published online: September 30, 2010

¹Department of Conservative Dentistry, KyungHee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.

²Department of Dental Hygiene, Dong-Nam Health University, Suwon, Korea.

³Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.

Correspondence to In-Bog Lee, DDS, PhD. Associate professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, 275-1 Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea 110-768. Tel, +82-2-2072-3953; Fax, +82-2-2072-3859; inboglee@snu.ac.kr

• Received: April 23, 2010 • Revised: April 23, 2010 • Accepted: April 27, 2010

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine changes in the dentinal fluid flow (DFF) during desensitizing agent application and to compare permeability after application among the agents.
Materials and Methods
A Class 5 cavity was prepared to exposure cervical dentin on an extracted human premolar which was connected to a sub-nanoliter fluid flow measuring device (NFMD) under 20 cm water pressure. DFF was measured from before application of desensitizing agent (Seal&Protect, SP; SuperSeal, SS; BisBlock, BB; Gluma desensitizer, GL; Bi-Fluoride 12, BF) through application procedure to 5 min after application.
Results
DFF rate after each desensitizing agent application was significantly reduced when compared to initial DFF rate before application (p < 0.05). SP showed a greater reduction in DFF rate than GL and BF did (p < 0.05). SS and BB showed a greater reduction in DFF rate than BF did (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Characteristic DFF aspect of each desensitizing agent was shown in NFMD during the application procedure.
Keywords: Dentin hypersensitivity; Dentinal fluid flow; Desensitizing agent; Fluid flow measuring device; Permeability

Figure 1

(a) Schematic diagram of the sub-nanoliter scaled dentinal fluid flow measurement system connected to a specimen. (b) Specimen preparation.

Figure 2

A representative curve of consecutive dentinal fluid flow (DFF) during Bi-Fluoride 12 application. Upward (positive slope) movement vs time on graph indicates outward DFF, whereas downward (negative slope) movement indicates inward DFF. A, application of desensitizing agent; d, air dry.

Figure 3

A representative curve of consecutive DFF during Gluma desensitizer application. Upward (positive slope) movement vs time on graph indicates outward DFF, whereas downward (negative slope) movement indicates inward DFF. A, application of desensitizing agent; d, air dry; r, rinse.

Figure 4

A representative curve of consecutive DFF during BisBlock application. Upward (positive slope) movement vs time on graph indicates outward DFF, whereas downward (negative slope) movement indicates inward DFF. A, application of desensitizing agent; r, rinse.

Figure 5

A representative curve of consecutive DFF during SuperSeal application. Upward (positive slope) movement vs time on graph indicates outward DFF, whereas downward (negative slope) movement indicates inward DFF. A, application of desensitizing agent; ga, gentle air dry.

Figure 6

A representative curve of consecutive DFF during Seal&Protect application. Upward (positive slope) movement vs time on graph indicates outward DFF, whereas downward (negative slope) movement indicates inward DFF. A, application of desensitizing agent; LC, light-curing.

Figure 7

Reduction in dentinal fluid flow of desensitizing agents (%). Desensitizing agents under same bar did not show statistically significant difference.

Table 1

Components and application procedures of desensitizing agents used in this study

Abbreviations: PENTA, dipentaerythritol penta acrylate mono monophosphate; HEMA, Hydroxyethylmethacrylate;E&R, acid etching and rinse.

^aE&R were omitted in this study because it was already performed during specimen preparation.

REFERENCES

1. Brännström M, Lindén LA, Aström A. The hydrodynamics of the dental tubule and of pulp fluid. A discussion of its significance in relation to dentinal sensitivity. Caries Res. 1967;1: 310-317.Article PubMed
2. Pashley DH. Dentin permeability, dentin sensitivity, and treatment through tubule occlusion. J Endod. 1986;12: 465-474.Article PubMed
3. Absi EG, Addy M, Adams D. Dentine hypersensitivity. A study of the patency of dentinal tubules in sensitive and non-sensitive cervical dentine. J Clin Periodontol. 1987;14: 280-284.PubMed
4. Pashley DH. In: Addy M, Embrey G, Edgar WM, Orchardson R, editors. Potential treatment modalities for dentine hypersensitivity: in-office products. Tooth wear and sensitivity: clinical advances in restorative dentistry. 2000;London: Martis Dunitz; 351-365.
5. Vieira AH, Santiago SL. Management of dentinal hypersensitivity. Gen Dent. 2009;57: 120-126.PubMed
6. Lee IB, Kim MH, Kim SY, Chang J, Cho BH, Son HH, Back SH. Development of nano-fluid movement measuring device and its application to hydrodynamic analysis of dentinal fluid. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2008;33: 141-147.
7. Kim SY, Cho BH, Baek SH, Lim BS, Lee IB. Real-time measurement of dentinal tubular fluid flow during and after amalgam and composite restorations. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2009;34: 467-476.Article
8. Ciucchi B, Bouillaguet S, Holz J, Pashley D. Dentinal fluid dynamics in human teeth, in vivo. J Endod. 1995;21: 191-194.Article PubMed
9. Pashley DH, Stewart FP, Galloway SE. Effects of air-drying in vitro on human dentine permeability. Arch Oral Biol. 1984;29: 379-383.Article PubMed
10. Itthagarun A, Tay FR, Pashley DH, Wefel JS, Garclía-Godoy F, Wei SH. Single-step, self-etch adhesives behave as permeable membranes after polymerization. Part III. Evidence from fluid conductance and artificial caries inhibition. Am J Dent. 2004;17: 394-400.PubMed
11. Camps J, About I, Van Meerbeek B, Franquin JC. Efficiency and cytotoxicity of resin-based desensitizing agents. Am J Dent. 2002;15: 300-304.PubMed
12. Pamir T, Dalgar H, Onal B. Clinical evaluation of three desensitizing agents in relieving dentin hypersensitivity. Oper Dent. 2007;32: 544-548.Article PubMed PDF
13. Pereira JC, Segala AD, Gillam DG. Effect of desensitizing agents on the hydraulic conductance of human dentin subjected to different surface pre-treatments-an in vitro study. Dent Mater. 2005;21: 129-138.Article PubMed
14. Pashley DH, Galloway SE. The effects of oxalate treatment on the smear layer of ground surfaces of human dentine. Arch Oral Biol. 1985;30: 731-737.PubMed
15. Greenhill JD, Pashley DH. The effects of desensitizing agents on the hydraulic conductance of human dentin in vitro. J Dent Res. 1981;60: 686-698.Article PubMed PDF
16. Paes Leme AF, dos Santos JC, Giannini M, Wada RS. Occlusion of dentin tubules by desensitizing agents. Am J Dent. 2004;17: 368-372.PubMed
17. Thrash WJ, Jones DL, Dodds WJ. Effect of a fluoride solution on dentinal hypersensitivity. Am J Dent. 1992;5: 299-302.PubMed
18. Yates RJ, Newcombe RG, Addy M. Dentine hypersensitivity: a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of a fluoride-sensitive teeth mouthrinse. J Clin Periodontol. 2004;31: 885-889.PubMed
19. Qin C, Xu J, Zhang Y. Spectroscopic investigation of the function of aqueous 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate/glutaraldehyde solution as a dentin desensitizer. Eur J Oral Sci. 2006;114: 354-359.Article PubMed
20. Munksgaard EC. Amine-induced polymerization of aqueous HEMA/aldehyde during action as a dentin bonding agent. J Dent Res. 1990;69: 1236-1239.Article PubMed PDF
21. Kakaboura A, Rahiotis C, Thomaidis S, Doukoudakis S. Clinical effectiveness of two agents on the treatment of tooth cervical hypersensitivity. Am J Dent. 2005;18: 291-295.PubMed
22. Ozen T, Orhan K, Avsever H, Tunca YM, Ulker AE, Akyol M. Dentin hypersensitivity: a randomized clinical comparison of three different agents in a short-term treatment period. Oper Dent. 2009;34: 392-398.PubMed
23. Davidson DF, Suzuki M. The Gluma bonding system: a clinical evaluation of its various components for the treatment of hypersensitive root dentin. J Can Dent Assoc. 1997;63: 38-41.PubMed
24. Ishihata H, Kanehira M, Nagai T, Finger WJ, Shimauchi H, Komatsu M. Effect of desensitizing agents on dentin permeability. Am J Dent. 2009;22: 143-146.PubMed

Tables & Figures

Figure 1

(a) Schematic diagram of the sub-nanoliter scaled dentinal fluid flow measurement system connected to a specimen. (b) Specimen preparation.

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Reduction in dentinal fluid flow of desensitizing agents (%). Desensitizing agents under same bar did not show statistically significant difference.

Table 1

Components and application procedures of desensitizing agents used in this study

Abbreviations: PENTA, dipentaerythritol penta acrylate mono monophosphate; HEMA, Hydroxyethylmethacrylate;E&R, acid etching and rinse.

^aE&R were omitted in this study because it was already performed during specimen preparation.

REFERENCES

1. Brännström M, Lindén LA, Aström A. The hydrodynamics of the dental tubule and of pulp fluid. A discussion of its significance in relation to dentinal sensitivity. Caries Res. 1967;1: 310-317.Article PubMed
2. Pashley DH. Dentin permeability, dentin sensitivity, and treatment through tubule occlusion. J Endod. 1986;12: 465-474.Article PubMed
3. Absi EG, Addy M, Adams D. Dentine hypersensitivity. A study of the patency of dentinal tubules in sensitive and non-sensitive cervical dentine. J Clin Periodontol. 1987;14: 280-284.PubMed
4. Pashley DH. In: Addy M, Embrey G, Edgar WM, Orchardson R, editors. Potential treatment modalities for dentine hypersensitivity: in-office products. Tooth wear and sensitivity: clinical advances in restorative dentistry. 2000;London: Martis Dunitz; 351-365.
5. Vieira AH, Santiago SL. Management of dentinal hypersensitivity. Gen Dent. 2009;57: 120-126.PubMed
6. Lee IB, Kim MH, Kim SY, Chang J, Cho BH, Son HH, Back SH. Development of nano-fluid movement measuring device and its application to hydrodynamic analysis of dentinal fluid. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2008;33: 141-147.
7. Kim SY, Cho BH, Baek SH, Lim BS, Lee IB. Real-time measurement of dentinal tubular fluid flow during and after amalgam and composite restorations. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2009;34: 467-476.Article
8. Ciucchi B, Bouillaguet S, Holz J, Pashley D. Dentinal fluid dynamics in human teeth, in vivo. J Endod. 1995;21: 191-194.Article PubMed
9. Pashley DH, Stewart FP, Galloway SE. Effects of air-drying in vitro on human dentine permeability. Arch Oral Biol. 1984;29: 379-383.Article PubMed
10. Itthagarun A, Tay FR, Pashley DH, Wefel JS, Garclía-Godoy F, Wei SH. Single-step, self-etch adhesives behave as permeable membranes after polymerization. Part III. Evidence from fluid conductance and artificial caries inhibition. Am J Dent. 2004;17: 394-400.PubMed
11. Camps J, About I, Van Meerbeek B, Franquin JC. Efficiency and cytotoxicity of resin-based desensitizing agents. Am J Dent. 2002;15: 300-304.PubMed
12. Pamir T, Dalgar H, Onal B. Clinical evaluation of three desensitizing agents in relieving dentin hypersensitivity. Oper Dent. 2007;32: 544-548.Article PubMed PDF
13. Pereira JC, Segala AD, Gillam DG. Effect of desensitizing agents on the hydraulic conductance of human dentin subjected to different surface pre-treatments-an in vitro study. Dent Mater. 2005;21: 129-138.Article PubMed
14. Pashley DH, Galloway SE. The effects of oxalate treatment on the smear layer of ground surfaces of human dentine. Arch Oral Biol. 1985;30: 731-737.PubMed
15. Greenhill JD, Pashley DH. The effects of desensitizing agents on the hydraulic conductance of human dentin in vitro. J Dent Res. 1981;60: 686-698.Article PubMed PDF
16. Paes Leme AF, dos Santos JC, Giannini M, Wada RS. Occlusion of dentin tubules by desensitizing agents. Am J Dent. 2004;17: 368-372.PubMed
17. Thrash WJ, Jones DL, Dodds WJ. Effect of a fluoride solution on dentinal hypersensitivity. Am J Dent. 1992;5: 299-302.PubMed
18. Yates RJ, Newcombe RG, Addy M. Dentine hypersensitivity: a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of a fluoride-sensitive teeth mouthrinse. J Clin Periodontol. 2004;31: 885-889.PubMed
19. Qin C, Xu J, Zhang Y. Spectroscopic investigation of the function of aqueous 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate/glutaraldehyde solution as a dentin desensitizer. Eur J Oral Sci. 2006;114: 354-359.Article PubMed
20. Munksgaard EC. Amine-induced polymerization of aqueous HEMA/aldehyde during action as a dentin bonding agent. J Dent Res. 1990;69: 1236-1239.Article PubMed PDF
21. Kakaboura A, Rahiotis C, Thomaidis S, Doukoudakis S. Clinical effectiveness of two agents on the treatment of tooth cervical hypersensitivity. Am J Dent. 2005;18: 291-295.PubMed
22. Ozen T, Orhan K, Avsever H, Tunca YM, Ulker AE, Akyol M. Dentin hypersensitivity: a randomized clinical comparison of three different agents in a short-term treatment period. Oper Dent. 2009;34: 392-398.PubMed
23. Davidson DF, Suzuki M. The Gluma bonding system: a clinical evaluation of its various components for the treatment of hypersensitive root dentin. J Can Dent Assoc. 1997;63: 38-41.PubMed
24. Ishihata H, Kanehira M, Nagai T, Finger WJ, Shimauchi H, Komatsu M. Effect of desensitizing agents on dentin permeability. Am J Dent. 2009;22: 143-146.PubMed

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CPNE7 Induces Biological Dentin Sealing in a Dentin Hypersensitivity Model
S.H. Park, Y.S. Lee, D.S. Lee, J.C. Park, R. Kim, W.J. Shon
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Real-time measurement of dentinal fluid flow during desensitizing agent application

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2010;35(5):313-320. Published online September 30, 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.5.313

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Figure

Real-time measurement of dentinal fluid flow during desensitizing agent application

Figure 1 (a) Schematic diagram of the sub-nanoliter scaled dentinal fluid flow measurement system connected to a specimen. (b) Specimen preparation.

Figure 2 A representative curve of consecutive dentinal fluid flow (DFF) during Bi-Fluoride 12 application. Upward (positive slope) movement vs time on graph indicates outward DFF, whereas downward (negative slope) movement indicates inward DFF. A, application of desensitizing agent; d, air dry.

Figure 3 A representative curve of consecutive DFF during Gluma desensitizer application. Upward (positive slope) movement vs time on graph indicates outward DFF, whereas downward (negative slope) movement indicates inward DFF. A, application of desensitizing agent; d, air dry; r, rinse.

Figure 4 A representative curve of consecutive DFF during BisBlock application. Upward (positive slope) movement vs time on graph indicates outward DFF, whereas downward (negative slope) movement indicates inward DFF. A, application of desensitizing agent; r, rinse.

Figure 5 A representative curve of consecutive DFF during SuperSeal application. Upward (positive slope) movement vs time on graph indicates outward DFF, whereas downward (negative slope) movement indicates inward DFF. A, application of desensitizing agent; ga, gentle air dry.

Figure 6 A representative curve of consecutive DFF during Seal&Protect application. Upward (positive slope) movement vs time on graph indicates outward DFF, whereas downward (negative slope) movement indicates inward DFF. A, application of desensitizing agent; LC, light-curing.

Figure 7 Reduction in dentinal fluid flow of desensitizing agents (%). Desensitizing agents under same bar did not show statistically significant difference.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Real-time measurement of dentinal fluid flow during desensitizing agent application

Table 1

Components and application procedures of desensitizing agents used in this study

Abbreviations: PENTA, dipentaerythritol penta acrylate mono monophosphate; HEMA, Hydroxyethylmethacrylate;E&R, acid etching and rinse.

^aE&R were omitted in this study because it was already performed during specimen preparation.

Table 1 Components and application procedures of desensitizing agents used in this study

Abbreviations: PENTA, dipentaerythritol penta acrylate mono monophosphate; HEMA, Hydroxyethylmethacrylate;E&R, acid etching and rinse.

^aE&R were omitted in this study because it was already performed during specimen preparation.