Warning: mkdir(): Permission denied in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 81

Warning: fopen(upload/ip_log/ip_log_2024-12.txt): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 83

Warning: fwrite() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 84
In vitro evaluation of the consistency of two electronic apex locators
Skip Navigation
Skip to contents

Restor Dent Endod : Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Search
Advanced Search
OPEN ACCESS
mobile search button mobile menu button

Articles

Page Path
HOME > Restor Dent Endod > Volume 33(1); 2008 > Article
Original Article In vitro evaluation of the consistency of two electronic apex locators
Gyu-Young Hwang, Byoung-Duck Roh, Eui-Sung Kim, Seung-Jong Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2008;33(1):20-27.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2008.33.1.020
Published online: January 31, 2008

Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Seung-Jong Lee. Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yonsei University, School of Dentistry, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Sudaemun-Ku, Seoul, 120-752, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2228-8700, Fax: 82-2-313-7575, sjlee@yuhs.ac
• Received: October 26, 2007   • Revised: December 1, 2007   • Accepted: December 26, 2007

Copyright © 2008 The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry

  • 17 Views
  • 0 Download
prev next
Full Article

Download PDF Download PDF

  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the consistency of two electronic apex locators in vitro model.
    Materials consisted of fifty two extracted premolars and two electronic apex locators; Root ZX (J. Morita, Osaka, Japan) and E-Magic Finder Deluxe (S-Denti, Cheonan, Korea). After access preparation, the teeth were embedded in a saline-mixed alginate model. Canal lengths of each tooth were measured at "0.5" and "Apex" mark of the apex locators, respectively so that each tooth had two measurements from 0.5 and Apex points. The file was fixed at final measurement using a glass ionomer cement. The apical 4 mm from the apex was exposed to measure the distance from the file tip to the major apical foramen of each tooth. Average distances and standard deviations were used to evaluate the consistency.
    Results showed that all measurements of both Root ZX and E-Magic Finder located the major foramen the range of ± 0.5 mm level. Both apex locators showed better consistency at Apex mark than at 0.5 mark. The average distance of file tip-major foramen was - 0.18 mm at 0.5 mark and - 0.07 mm at Apex mark in Root ZX, - 0.25 mm at 0.5 mark and - 0.02 mm at Apex mark in E-Magic Finder. Standard deviation was 0.21 at 0.5 mark and 0.12 at Apex mark in Root ZX, 0.12 at 0.5 mark and 0.09 at Apex mark in E-Magic Finder.
  • Keywords: Alginate model; apical constriction; consistency; electronic apex locator; major foramen
  • 1. Seltzer S, Soltanoff W, Sinai I, Goldenberg A, Bender IB. Biologic aspects of endodontics. Part III. Periapical tissue reactions to root canal instrumentation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1968;26: 534-546. 694-705.PubMed
  • 2. Kuttler Y. Microscopic investigation of root apexes. J Am Dent Assoc. 1955;50: 544-552.ArticlePubMed
  • 3. Lee SJ, Nam KC, Kim YJ, Kim DW. Clinical accuracy of a new apex locator with an automatic compensation circuit. J Endod. 2002;28: 706-709.ArticlePubMed
  • 4. Sunada I. New method for the measuring the length of the root canal. J Dent Res. 1962;41: 375-387.ArticlePDF
  • 5. Inoue N. An audiometric method for determining the length of root canals. J Can Dent Assoc (Tor). 1973;39: 630-636.PubMed
  • 6. Frank AL, Torabinejad M. An in vivo evaluation of Endex electronic apex locator. J Endod. 1993;19: 177-179.ArticlePubMed
  • 7. Kobayashi C, Okiji T, Kaqwashima N, Suda H, Sunada I. A basic study on the electronic root canal length measurement: Part 3. Newly designed electronic root canal length measuring device using division method. Jpn J Conservative Dent. 1991;34: 1442-1448.
  • 8. Kobayashi C, Suda H. New electronic canal measuring device based on the ratio method. J Endod. 1994;20: 111-114.ArticlePubMed
  • 9. Kobayashi C. Electronic canal length measurement. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995;79: 226-231.PubMed
  • 10. Kaufman AY, Keila S, Yoshpe M. Accuracy of a new apex locator: an in vitro study. Int Endod J. 2002;35: 186-192.ArticlePubMed
  • 11. Fouad AF, Rivera EM, Krell KV. Accuracy of the Endex with variations in canal irrigants and foramen size. J Endod. 1993;19: 63-67.PubMed
  • 12. Riccuci D, Langeland K. Apical limit of root canal instrumentation and obturation. Int Endod J. 1998;31: 394-409.PubMed
  • 13. Dummer PM, McGinn JH, Rees DG. Theposition and topography of the apical canal constriction and apical foramen. Int Endod J. 1984;17: 192-198.PubMed
  • 14. Green D. Stereomicroscopic study of 700 root apices of maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1960;13: 728-733.ArticlePubMed
  • 15. Dunlap CA, Remeikis NA, BeGole EA, Rauschenberger CR. An in vivo evaluation of an electronic apex locator that uses the ratio method. J Endod. 1998;24: 48-50.PubMed
  • 16. Pagavino G, Pace R, Baccetti T. A SEM study of in vivo accuracy of the Root ZX electronic apex locator. J Endod. 1998;24: 438-441.ArticlePubMed
  • 17. Tselnik M, Baumgartner CJ, Marshall GJ. An evaluation of Root ZX and Elements Diagnostic Apex Locators. J Endod. 2005;31: 507-509.PubMed
Figure 1
Root ZX.
jkacd-33-20-g001.jpg
Figure 2
E-Magic Finder.
jkacd-33-20-g002.jpg
Figure 3
Length measurements with digital caliper.
jkacd-33-20-g003.jpg
Figure 4
Distance from file tip to major foramen with EasyDent Viewer.
jkacd-33-20-g004.jpg
Figure 5
Box plots: Quartile of file tip-major foramen distance at 0.5 mark and Apex mark.
jkacd-33-20-g005.jpg
Table 1
Distance of file tip-major foramen at 0.5 mark and Apex mark (mm)
jkacd-33-20-i001.jpg
Table 2
Difference of the length at 0.5 mark and Apex mark
jkacd-33-20-i002.jpg
Table 3
Range of Apex band
jkacd-33-20-i003.jpg

Tables & Figures

REFERENCES

    Citations

    Citations to this article as recorded by  

      • ePub LinkePub Link
      • Cite
        CITE
        export Copy Download
        Close
        Download Citation
        Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
        Format:
        • RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
        • BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software
        Include:
        • Citation for the content below
        In vitro evaluation of the consistency of two electronic apex locators
        J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2008;33(1):20-27.   Published online January 31, 2008
        DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2008.33.1.020
        Close
      • XML DownloadXML Download
      Figure
      • 0
      • 1
      • 2
      • 3
      • 4
      In vitro evaluation of the consistency of two electronic apex locators
      Image Image Image Image Image
      Figure 1 Root ZX.
      Figure 2 E-Magic Finder.
      Figure 3 Length measurements with digital caliper.
      Figure 4 Distance from file tip to major foramen with EasyDent Viewer.
      Figure 5 Box plots: Quartile of file tip-major foramen distance at 0.5 mark and Apex mark.

      Figure 1

      Figure 2

      Figure 3

      Figure 4

      Figure 5

      In vitro evaluation of the consistency of two electronic apex locators

      Distance of file tip-major foramen at 0.5 mark and Apex mark (mm)

      Difference of the length at 0.5 mark and Apex mark

      Range of Apex band
      Table 1 Distance of file tip-major foramen at 0.5 mark and Apex mark (mm)

      Table 2 Difference of the length at 0.5 mark and Apex mark

      Table 3 Range of Apex band

      Table 1

      Table 2

      Table 3

      Restor Dent Endod : Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics
      © The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.
      Close layer
      TOP