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HOME > Restor Dent Endod > Volume 32(3); 2007 > Article
Original Article EVALUATION ON THE ABRASION RESISTANCE OF A SURFACE SEALANT
Soo-Mee Kim1, Sae-Hee Han2, Young-Gon Cho3,*
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2007;32(3):-190.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.3.180
Published online: January 14, 2007

1Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Seonam University

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*Corresponding Author: Young-Gon Cho, Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University 421 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Korea, 501-825 Tel: 82-62-220-3840, 3845 Fax: 82-62-232-9064 E-mail: ygcho@chosun.ac.kr
• Received: January 3, 2007   • Revised: January 27, 2007   • Accepted: March 9, 2007

Copyright © 2007 The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the abrasion resistance of surface penetrating sealant which was applied on a composite resin restoration and to provide proper time to reapply sealant on composite resin surface.
    Two hundred rectangular specimens, sized 8 × 3 × 2 mm, were made of Micronew (Bisco, Inc., Schaumburg, IL, U.S.A) and divided into two groups; F group (n = 10) was finished with coarse and medium grit of Sof-Lex discs and BisCoverwas applied B group (n = 190) after finishing with discs. B group was again subdivided into nineteen subgroups. From B-1 group to B-18 group were subjected to toothbrush abrasion test using a distilled water-dentifrice slurry and toothbrush heads. B-IM group was not subjected to toothbrush abrasion test.
    Average surface roughness (Ra) of each group was calculated using a surface roughness tester (Surfcorder MSE-1700: Kosaka Laboratory Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). A representative specimen of each group was examined by FE-SEM (S-4700: Hitachi High Technologies Co., Tokyo, Japan). The data were analysed using cluster analysis, paired t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows;

    1. Ra of F group was 0.898 ± 0.145 μm and B-IM group was 0.289 ± 0.142 μm. Ra became higher from B-1 group (0.299 ± 0.48 μm) to B-18 group (0.642 ± 0.313 μm).

    2. Final cluster center of Ra was 0.361 μm in cluster 1 (B-IM ∼ B-7), 0.511 μm in cluster 2 (B-8 ∼ B-14) and 0.624 μm in cluster 3 (B-15 ∼ B-18). There were significant difference among Ra of three clusters.

    3. Ra of B-IM group was decreased 210.72% than Ra of F group. Ra of B-8 group and B-15 group was increased 35.49% and 51.35% respectively than Ra of B-IM group.

    4. On FE-SEM, B-IM group showed the smoothest resin surface. B-8 group and B-15 group showed vertically shallow scratches, and wide and irregular vertical scratches on composite resin surface respectively.

    Within a limitation of this study, finished resin surface will be again smooth and glazy if BisCover would be reapplied within 8 to 14 months after applying to resin surface.
  • Keywords: Abrasion resistance; Resin surface sealant; Toothbrush abrasion test; Surface roughness; Finishing method; Polishing instrument
Figure 1.
Tooth abrasive machine used in this study.
jkacd-32-180f1.jpg
Figure 2.
Histogram for mean surface roughness value and cluster of each group.
jkacd-32-180f2.jpg
Figure 3.
F Group (× 500).
jkacd-32-180f3.jpg
Figure 4.
B-IM Group (× 500).
jkacd-32-180f4.jpg
Figure 5.
B-8 Group (× 500).
jkacd-32-180f5.jpg
Figure 6.
B-15 Group (× 500).
jkacd-32-180f6.jpg
Figure 7.
B-18 Group (× 500).
jkacd-32-180f7.jpg
Table 1.
Materials used in this study
Material Composition Manufacturer
Micronew Ethoxylated Bis-DMA, Bis-GMA, Bisco, Inc.,
Glass frit, silica Schaumburg, IL, U.S.A
BisCover Ethoxylated Bisphenol A Diacrylate, Bisco, Inc.,
Urethane acrylate ester, Polyethyleneglycol Schaumburg, IL, U.S.A
Diacrylate
Sof-Lex disc Polyester film, aluminum oxide 3M ESPE Dental Products,
- Coarse (100 ㎛) / Medium (29 ㎛) size St. Paul, MN, U.S.A.

Bis-DMA: bisphenol A dimethacrylate, Bis-GMA: bisphenol A diglycidylmethacrylate

Table 2.
Group classification by finishing of resin surfaces or/and applying resin sealant on resin surfaces
Group Finishing or/and applying resin sealant on resin surfaces Times of tooth brushing No. of specimens
F
 F
 Only finishing resin surfaces with Sof-Lex discs
 —
 10
B B-IM — 10
B-1 900 10
B-2 1,800 10
B-3 2,700 10
B-4 3,600 10
B-5 4,500 10
B-6 5,400 10
B-7 6,300 10
B-8 Applying resin sealant on the finished resin surfaces 7,200 10
B-9 8,100 10
B-10 9,000 10
B-11 9,900 10
B-12 10,800 10
B-13 11,700 10
B-14 12,600 10
B-15 13,500 10
B-16 14,400 10
B-17 15,300 10
B-18 16,200 10

F: Finishing, B: BisCover

Table 3.
Mean surface roughness value (Ra) of each group
Group Ra ± S.D. (㎛) Group Ra ± S.D. (㎛)
F 0.898 ± 0.145 B-9 0.464 ± 0.145
B-IM 0.289 ± 0.142 B-10 0.493 ± 0.222
B-1 0.299 ± 0.148 B-11 0.525 ± 0.139
B-2 0.323 ± 0.105 B-12 0.541 ± 0.182
B-3 0.353 ± 0.119 B-13 0.550 ± 0.198
B-4 0.373 ± 0.175 B-14 0.558 ± 0.159
B-5 0.403 ± 0.169 B-15 0.594 ± 0.198
B-6 0.417 ± 0.200 B-16 0.629 ± 0.215
B-7 0.427 ± 0.154 B-17 0.633 ± 0.208
B-8 0.448 ± 0.137 B-18 0.642 ± 0.313

S.D.: Standard Deviation

Table 4.
3-mean cluster analysis among cluster 1, 2, and 3
Group Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 F p-value
Final cluster centers of Ra 0.361 ㎛ 0.511 ㎛ 0.624 ㎛ 49.705 0.000

Cluster 1: B-IM ~ B-7, Cluster 2: B-8 ~ B-14, Cluster 3: B-15 ~ B-18

Ra: Mean surface roughness value

Table 5.
Paired t-test between Ra of B-IM group and B-1 ~ B-18 groups and Ra of B-8 group and B-9 ~ B-18 groups
Group p-value Group p-value
B-IM B-8
B-1 ~ B-7 > 0.05 B-9 ~ B-14 > 0.05
B-8 ~ B-18 < 0.05 B-15 ~ B-18 < 0.05
Table 6.
Repeated measure ANOVA and increasing rate of Ra among F, B-IM, B-8, and B-15 group
Group Ra + S.D. (㎛) F p value Increasing rate of Ra (%)
F 0.898 ± 0.145a 0
B-IM 0.289 ± 0.142b 23.465 0.000 - 210.72 0
B-8 0.448 ± 0.137c + 35.49
B-15 0.594 ± 0.198d + 51.35

Superscripts of the other letter indicate values of statistical significant difference.

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        EVALUATION ON THE ABRASION RESISTANCE OF A SURFACE SEALANT
        J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2007;32(3):180-190.   Published online January 14, 2007
        DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.3.180
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      EVALUATION ON THE ABRASION RESISTANCE OF A SURFACE SEALANT
      Image Image Image Image Image Image Image
      Figure 1. Tooth abrasive machine used in this study.
      Figure 2. Histogram for mean surface roughness value and cluster of each group.
      Figure 3. F Group (× 500).
      Figure 4. B-IM Group (× 500).
      Figure 5. B-8 Group (× 500).
      Figure 6. B-15 Group (× 500).
      Figure 7. B-18 Group (× 500).

      Figure 1.

      Figure 2.

      Figure 3.

      Figure 4.

      Figure 5.

      Figure 6.

      Figure 7.

      EVALUATION ON THE ABRASION RESISTANCE OF A SURFACE SEALANT
      Material Composition Manufacturer
      Micronew Ethoxylated Bis-DMA, Bis-GMA, Bisco, Inc.,
      Glass frit, silica Schaumburg, IL, U.S.A
      BisCover Ethoxylated Bisphenol A Diacrylate, Bisco, Inc.,
      Urethane acrylate ester, Polyethyleneglycol Schaumburg, IL, U.S.A
      Diacrylate
      Sof-Lex disc Polyester film, aluminum oxide 3M ESPE Dental Products,
      - Coarse (100 ㎛) / Medium (29 ㎛) size St. Paul, MN, U.S.A.
      Group Finishing or/and applying resin sealant on resin surfaces Times of tooth brushing No. of specimens
      F
      		 F
      		 Only finishing resin surfaces with Sof-Lex discs
      		 —
      		 10
      B B-IM — 10
      B-1 900 10
      B-2 1,800 10
      B-3 2,700 10
      B-4 3,600 10
      B-5 4,500 10
      B-6 5,400 10
      B-7 6,300 10
      B-8 Applying resin sealant on the finished resin surfaces 7,200 10
      B-9 8,100 10
      B-10 9,000 10
      B-11 9,900 10
      B-12 10,800 10
      B-13 11,700 10
      B-14 12,600 10
      B-15 13,500 10
      B-16 14,400 10
      B-17 15,300 10
      B-18 16,200 10
      Group Ra ± S.D. (㎛) Group Ra ± S.D. (㎛)
      F 0.898 ± 0.145 B-9 0.464 ± 0.145
      B-IM 0.289 ± 0.142 B-10 0.493 ± 0.222
      B-1 0.299 ± 0.148 B-11 0.525 ± 0.139
      B-2 0.323 ± 0.105 B-12 0.541 ± 0.182
      B-3 0.353 ± 0.119 B-13 0.550 ± 0.198
      B-4 0.373 ± 0.175 B-14 0.558 ± 0.159
      B-5 0.403 ± 0.169 B-15 0.594 ± 0.198
      B-6 0.417 ± 0.200 B-16 0.629 ± 0.215
      B-7 0.427 ± 0.154 B-17 0.633 ± 0.208
      B-8 0.448 ± 0.137 B-18 0.642 ± 0.313
      Group Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 F p-value
      Final cluster centers of Ra 0.361 ㎛ 0.511 ㎛ 0.624 ㎛ 49.705 0.000
      Group p-value Group p-value
      B-IM B-8
      B-1 ~ B-7 > 0.05 B-9 ~ B-14 > 0.05
      B-8 ~ B-18 < 0.05 B-15 ~ B-18 < 0.05
      Group Ra + S.D. (㎛) F p value Increasing rate of Ra (%)
      F 0.898 ± 0.145a 0
      B-IM 0.289 ± 0.142b 23.465 0.000 - 210.72 0
      B-8 0.448 ± 0.137c + 35.49
      B-15 0.594 ± 0.198d + 51.35
      Table 1. Materials used in this study

      Bis-DMA: bisphenol A dimethacrylate, Bis-GMA: bisphenol A diglycidylmethacrylate

      Table 2. Group classification by finishing of resin surfaces or/and applying resin sealant on resin surfaces

      F: Finishing, B: BisCover

      Table 3. Mean surface roughness value (Ra) of each group

      S.D.: Standard Deviation

      Table 4. 3-mean cluster analysis among cluster 1, 2, and 3

      Cluster 1: B-IM ~ B-7, Cluster 2: B-8 ~ B-14, Cluster 3: B-15 ~ B-18

      Ra: Mean surface roughness value

      Table 5. Paired t-test between Ra of B-IM group and B-1 ~ B-18 groups and Ra of B-8 group and B-9 ~ B-18 groups

      Table 6. Repeated measure ANOVA and increasing rate of Ra among F, B-IM, B-8, and B-15 group

      Superscripts of the other letter indicate values of statistical significant difference.

      Table 1.

      Table 2.

      Table 3.

      Table 4.

      Table 5.

      Table 6.

      Restor Dent Endod : Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics
      © The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.
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