EVALUATION ON THE ABRASION RESISTANCE OF A SURFACE SEALANT

Soo-Mee Kim; Sae-Hee Han; Young-Gon Cho

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.3.180

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Original Article EVALUATION ON THE ABRASION RESISTANCE OF A SURFACE SEALANT: Soo-Mee Kim¹, Sae-Hee Han², Young-Gon Cho^3,*; Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2007;32(3):180-190.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.3.180
Published online: January 14, 2007

¹Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Seonam University

²Dental Center, Chung Ang University Hospital

³Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University

*Corresponding Author: Young-Gon Cho, Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University 421 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Korea, 501-825 Tel: 82-62-220-3840, 3845 Fax: 82-62-232-9064 E-mail: ygcho@chosun.ac.kr

• Received: January 3, 2007 • Revised: January 27, 2007 • Accepted: March 9, 2007

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES
참고문헌

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the abrasion resistance of surface penetrating sealant which was applied on a composite resin restoration and to provide proper time to reapply sealant on composite resin surface.

Two hundred rectangular specimens, sized 8 × 3 × 2 mm, were made of Micronew (Bisco, Inc., Schaumburg, IL, U.S.A) and divided into two groups; F group (n = 10) was finished with coarse and medium grit of Sof-Lex discs and BisCoverwas applied B group (n = 190) after finishing with discs. B group was again subdivided into nineteen subgroups. From B-1 group to B-18 group were subjected to toothbrush abrasion test using a distilled water-dentifrice slurry and toothbrush heads. B-IM group was not subjected to toothbrush abrasion test.
Average surface roughness (Ra) of each group was calculated using a surface roughness tester (Surfcorder MSE-1700: Kosaka Laboratory Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). A representative specimen of each group was examined by FE-SEM (S-4700: Hitachi High Technologies Co., Tokyo, Japan). The data were analysed using cluster analysis, paired t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows;
1. Ra of F group was 0.898 ± 0.145 μm and B-IM group was 0.289 ± 0.142 μm. Ra became higher from B-1 group (0.299 ± 0.48 μm) to B-18 group (0.642 ± 0.313 μm).
2. Final cluster center of Ra was 0.361 μm in cluster 1 (B-IM ∼ B-7), 0.511 μm in cluster 2 (B-8 ∼ B-14) and 0.624 μm in cluster 3 (B-15 ∼ B-18). There were significant difference among Ra of three clusters.
3. Ra of B-IM group was decreased 210.72% than Ra of F group. Ra of B-8 group and B-15 group was increased 35.49% and 51.35% respectively than Ra of B-IM group.
4. On FE-SEM, B-IM group showed the smoothest resin surface. B-8 group and B-15 group showed vertically shallow scratches, and wide and irregular vertical scratches on composite resin surface respectively.
Within a limitation of this study, finished resin surface will be again smooth and glazy if BisCover would be reapplied within 8 to 14 months after applying to resin surface.
Keywords: Abrasion resistance; Resin surface sealant; Toothbrush abrasion test; Surface roughness; Finishing method; Polishing instrument

Figure 1.

Tooth abrasive machine used in this study.

Figure 2.

Histogram for mean surface roughness value and cluster of each group.

Figure 3.

F Group (× 500).

Figure 4.

B-IM Group (× 500).

Figure 5.

B-8 Group (× 500).

Figure 6.

B-15 Group (× 500).

Figure 7.

B-18 Group (× 500).

Table 1.

Materials used in this study

Material	Composition	Manufacturer
Micronew	Ethoxylated Bis-DMA, Bis-GMA,	Bisco, Inc.,
Micronew	Glass frit, silica	Schaumburg, IL, U.S.A

BisCover	Ethoxylated Bisphenol A Diacrylate,	Bisco, Inc.,
	Urethane acrylate ester, Polyethyleneglycol	Schaumburg, IL, U.S.A
	Diacrylate

Sof-Lex disc	Polyester film, aluminum oxide	3M ESPE Dental Products,
Sof-Lex disc	- Coarse (100 ㎛) / Medium (29 ㎛) size	St. Paul, MN, U.S.A.

Bis-DMA: bisphenol A dimethacrylate, Bis-GMA: bisphenol A diglycidylmethacrylate

Table 2.

Group classification by finishing of resin surfaces or/and applying resin sealant on resin surfaces

Group		Finishing or/and applying resin sealant on resin surfaces	Times of tooth brushing	No. of specimens
F	F	Only finishing resin surfaces with Sof-Lex discs	—	10
B	B-IM		—	10
	B-1		900	10
	B-2		1,800	10
	B-3		2,700	10
	B-4		3,600	10
	B-5		4,500	10
	B-6		5,400	10
	B-7		6,300	10
	B-8	Applying resin sealant on the finished resin surfaces	7,200	10
	B-9	Applying resin sealant on the finished resin surfaces	8,100	10
	B-10		9,000	10
	B-11		9,900	10
	B-12		10,800	10
	B-13		11,700	10
	B-14		12,600	10
	B-15		13,500	10
	B-16		14,400	10
	B-17		15,300	10
	B-18		16,200	10

F: Finishing, B: BisCover

Table 3.

Mean surface roughness value (Ra) of each group

Group	Ra ± S.D. (㎛)	Group	Ra ± S.D. (㎛)
F	0.898 ± 0.145	B-9	0.464 ± 0.145
B-IM	0.289 ± 0.142	B-10	0.493 ± 0.222
B-1	0.299 ± 0.148	B-11	0.525 ± 0.139
B-2	0.323 ± 0.105	B-12	0.541 ± 0.182
B-3	0.353 ± 0.119	B-13	0.550 ± 0.198
B-4	0.373 ± 0.175	B-14	0.558 ± 0.159
B-5	0.403 ± 0.169	B-15	0.594 ± 0.198
B-6	0.417 ± 0.200	B-16	0.629 ± 0.215
B-7	0.427 ± 0.154	B-17	0.633 ± 0.208
B-8	0.448 ± 0.137	B-18	0.642 ± 0.313

S.D.: Standard Deviation

Table 4.

3-mean cluster analysis among cluster 1, 2, and 3

Group	Cluster 1	Cluster 2	Cluster 3	F	p-value
Final cluster centers of Ra	0.361 ㎛	0.511 ㎛	0.624 ㎛	49.705	0.000

Cluster 1: B-IM ~ B-7, Cluster 2: B-8 ~ B-14, Cluster 3: B-15 ~ B-18

Ra: Mean surface roughness value

Table 5.

Paired t-test between Ra of B-IM group and B-1 ~ B-18 groups and Ra of B-8 group and B-9 ~ B-18 groups

Group	p-value	Group	p-value
B-IM		B-8
B-1 ~ B-7	> 0.05	B-9 ~ B-14	> 0.05
B-8 ~ B-18	< 0.05	B-15 ~ B-18	< 0.05

Table 6.

Repeated measure ANOVA and increasing rate of Ra among F, B-IM, B-8, and B-15 group

Group	Ra + S.D. (㎛)	F	p value	Increasing rate of Ra (%)
F	0.898 ± 0.145^a			0
B-IM	0.289 ± 0.142^b	23.465	0.000	- 210.72 0
B-8	0.448 ± 0.137^c			+ 35.49
B-15	0.594 ± 0.198^d			+ 51.35

Superscripts of the other letter indicate values of statistical significant difference.

REFERENCES

참고문헌

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EVALUATION ON THE ABRASION RESISTANCE OF A SURFACE SEALANT

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2007;32(3):180-190. Published online January 14, 2007

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.3.180

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Figure

EVALUATION ON THE ABRASION RESISTANCE OF A SURFACE SEALANT

Figure 1. Tooth abrasive machine used in this study.

Figure 2. Histogram for mean surface roughness value and cluster of each group.

Figure 3. F Group (× 500).

Figure 4. B-IM Group (× 500).

Figure 5. B-8 Group (× 500).

Figure 6. B-15 Group (× 500).

Figure 7. B-18 Group (× 500).

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

EVALUATION ON THE ABRASION RESISTANCE OF A SURFACE SEALANT

Material	Composition	Manufacturer
Micronew	Ethoxylated Bis-DMA, Bis-GMA,	Bisco, Inc.,
Micronew	Glass frit, silica	Schaumburg, IL, U.S.A

BisCover	Ethoxylated Bisphenol A Diacrylate,	Bisco, Inc.,
	Urethane acrylate ester, Polyethyleneglycol	Schaumburg, IL, U.S.A
	Diacrylate

Sof-Lex disc	Polyester film, aluminum oxide	3M ESPE Dental Products,
Sof-Lex disc	- Coarse (100 ㎛) / Medium (29 ㎛) size	St. Paul, MN, U.S.A.

Group		Finishing or/and applying resin sealant on resin surfaces	Times of tooth brushing	No. of specimens
F	F	Only finishing resin surfaces with Sof-Lex discs	—	10
B	B-IM		—	10
	B-1		900	10
	B-2		1,800	10
	B-3		2,700	10
	B-4		3,600	10
	B-5		4,500	10
	B-6		5,400	10
	B-7		6,300	10
	B-8	Applying resin sealant on the finished resin surfaces	7,200	10
	B-9	Applying resin sealant on the finished resin surfaces	8,100	10
	B-10		9,000	10
	B-11		9,900	10
	B-12		10,800	10
	B-13		11,700	10
	B-14		12,600	10
	B-15		13,500	10
	B-16		14,400	10
	B-17		15,300	10
	B-18		16,200	10

Group	Ra ± S.D. (㎛)	Group	Ra ± S.D. (㎛)
F	0.898 ± 0.145	B-9	0.464 ± 0.145
B-IM	0.289 ± 0.142	B-10	0.493 ± 0.222
B-1	0.299 ± 0.148	B-11	0.525 ± 0.139
B-2	0.323 ± 0.105	B-12	0.541 ± 0.182
B-3	0.353 ± 0.119	B-13	0.550 ± 0.198
B-4	0.373 ± 0.175	B-14	0.558 ± 0.159
B-5	0.403 ± 0.169	B-15	0.594 ± 0.198
B-6	0.417 ± 0.200	B-16	0.629 ± 0.215
B-7	0.427 ± 0.154	B-17	0.633 ± 0.208
B-8	0.448 ± 0.137	B-18	0.642 ± 0.313

Group	Cluster 1	Cluster 2	Cluster 3	F	p-value
Final cluster centers of Ra	0.361 ㎛	0.511 ㎛	0.624 ㎛	49.705	0.000

Group	p-value	Group	p-value
B-IM		B-8
B-1 ~ B-7	> 0.05	B-9 ~ B-14	> 0.05
B-8 ~ B-18	< 0.05	B-15 ~ B-18	< 0.05

Group	Ra + S.D. (㎛)	F	p value	Increasing rate of Ra (%)
F	0.898 ± 0.145^a			0
B-IM	0.289 ± 0.142^b	23.465	0.000	- 210.72 0
B-8	0.448 ± 0.137^c			+ 35.49
B-15	0.594 ± 0.198^d			+ 51.35

Table 1. Materials used in this study

Bis-DMA: bisphenol A dimethacrylate, Bis-GMA: bisphenol A diglycidylmethacrylate

Table 2. Group classification by finishing of resin surfaces or/and applying resin sealant on resin surfaces

F: Finishing, B: BisCover

Table 3. Mean surface roughness value (Ra) of each group

S.D.: Standard Deviation

Table 4. 3-mean cluster analysis among cluster 1, 2, and 3

Cluster 1: B-IM ~ B-7, Cluster 2: B-8 ~ B-14, Cluster 3: B-15 ~ B-18

Ra: Mean surface roughness value

Table 5. Paired t-test between Ra of B-IM group and B-1 ~ B-18 groups and Ra of B-8 group and B-9 ~ B-18 groups

Table 6. Repeated measure ANOVA and increasing rate of Ra among F, B-IM, B-8, and B-15 group

Superscripts of the other letter indicate values of statistical significant difference.