1Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
2Department of Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
3Department of Oral Biomaterials Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
4Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
5Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan.
©Copyrights 2017. The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Bis-GMA, bisphenol A diglycidylether methacrylate; Bis-MEPP, 2,2-Bis(4-methacryloxypolyethoxyphenyl)propane; UDMA, urethane dimethacrylate; TEGDMA, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; Bis-EMA, ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate; DMA, dimethacrylate; MMA, methyl methacrylate.
Material type | Code | Water | Coffee | After polishing | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | 1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | |||
Composite resin block | BLO | 0.2 (0.1)a | 0.3 (0.2)a | 0.3 (0.1)a,3 | 1.3 (0.5)b | 2.2 (0.5)c | 3.7 (0.7)d,5 | 1.8 (0.5) |
CER | 0.3 (0.3)e | 0.4 (0.2)e | 0.7 (0.2)e,g,1,2,3 | 1.2 (0.4)f,g | 1.9 (0.7)f | 2.7 (0.6)h,5,6,7 | 0.9 (0.4) | |
GRA | 0.3 (0.2)i | 0.3 (0.2)i | 0.4 (0.2)i,2,3 | 0.5 (0.3)i | 0.9 (0.2)j | 1.6 (0.4)k,$,6,7 | 1.6 (0.5)$ | |
KZR | 0.2 (0.1)l | 0.3 (0.2)l | 0.3 (0.1)l,3 | 1.0 (0.3)m | 1.6 (0.3)n | 2.9 (0.3)o,5,6 | 0.9 (0.2) | |
ULT | 0.7 (0.4)p | 0.6 (0.3)p | 0.5 (0.3)p,2,3 | 1.7 (0.3)q | 2.7 (0.4)r | 3.6 (0.6)s,5 | 1.2 (0.4) | |
Hybrid ceramic block | ENA | 0.3 (0.2)t | 0.4 (0.2)t | 0.5 (0.4)t,2,3 | 0.5 (0.3)t | 0.8 (0.4)t | 1.4 (0.4)u,7 | 0.5 (0.2) |
PMMA block | TEL# | 0.9 (0.6) | 0.9 (0.8) | 1.0 (0.8)1,2 | 0.9 (0.7) | 1.6 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.1)6,7 | 1.2 (0.9) |
Feldspar ceramic block | VIT | 0.3 (0.2)v | 0.3 (0.1)v | 0.3 (0.2)v,3 | 0.4 (0.2)v | 1.1 (0.2)w | 1.8 (0.3)x,6,7 | 0.3 (0.1) |
Conventional restorative composite resin | APX | 0.9 (0.4)y,z | 0.8 (0.4)y | 0.8 (0.7)y,1,2,3 | 1.4 (0.2)z | 2.1 (0.3)A | 2.1 (0.2)A,6,7 | 0.5 (0.2) |
DUR | 0.5 (0.2)B | 0.7 (0.2)B,C | 0.9 (0.3)B,C,1,2,3 | 1.6 (0.6)B,C | 4.1 (1.2)D | 7.9 (1.5)E,4 | 5.7 (1.4) | |
ESQ | 0.3 (0.2)F | 0.2 (0.1)F | 0.9 (0.1)G,1,2,3 | 0.8 (0.3)G | 1.6 (0.4)H | 2.4 (0.5)I,5,6,7 | 0.7 (0.3) | |
FSU | 0.3 (0.1)J | 0.6 (0.2)J | 1.3 (0.1)J,K,1 | 2.3 (0.7)K | 3.7 (1.0)L | 6.6 (1.0)M,4 | 4.4 (0.9) |
Standard deviations are in parentheses and the same superscript letter denotes homogenous subsets in each material (p > 0.05). The same superscript number denotes homogenous subsets after 1 month immersion (p > 0.05).
BLO, Block HC (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); CER, Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan); GRA, Gradia Block (GC); KZR, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block (Yamamota Precious Metal, Osaka, Japan); ULT, Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); ENA, Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany); TEL, Telio CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); VIT, Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH); APX, Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); DUR, Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); ESQ, Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan); FSU, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M/ESPE).
#Not significantly different in spite of immersion condition.
$The difference between ΔE of 1 month coffee and after polishing 1 month coffee by paired t test was significant in all groups except for GRA denotes.
Material type | Code | Water | Coffee | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | 1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | ||
Composite resin block | BLO | 0.0 (0.1)a | 0.0 (0.2)a | 0.0 (0.1)a,3 | −0.3 (0.3)b | −0.6 (0.2)c | −1.0 (0.2)d,5 |
CER | 0.1 (0.2)e,f | 0.2 (0.3)e | 0.6 (0.3)e,1,2 | −0.2 (0.1)e | −0.3 (0.2)f | −0.4 (0.2)f,4 | |
GRA | 0.0 (0.1)g | 0.1 (0.2)g | 0.6 (0.2)h,1 | −0.3 (0.1)i | −0.5 (0.2)i | −0.7 (0.2)j,4,5 | |
KZR | 0.0 (0.1)k | −0.3 (0.2)l | −0.2 (0.2)k,l,3 | −0.8 (0.2)m | −1.4 (0.1)n | −1.8 (0.2)o,6 | |
ULT | 0.1 (0.5)p | 0.0 (0.1)p | −0.1 (0.2)p,3 | −0.4 (0.3)p,q | −0.7 (0.3)q | −1.2 (0.4)r,2,3 | |
Hybrid ceramic block | ENA | 0.1 (0.2)s | 0.1 (0.2)s | 0.0 (0.2)s,t,3 | −0.1 (0.2)s,u | −0.3 (0.2)t,u | −0.7 (0.1)v,4,5 |
PMMA block | TEL# | 0.0 (0.4)w | −0.1 (0.4)w | 0.1 (0.3)w,3 | −0.4 (0.2)w | −0.4 (0.3)w | −0.4 (0.2)w,4 |
Feldspar ceramic block | VIT | 0.0 (0.1)x | −0.1 (0.1)x,y | −0.1 (0.1)x,3 | −0.4 (0.1)y | −1.2 (0.2)z | −2.1 (0.3)A,6 |
Conventional restorative composite resin | APX | −0.1 (0.4)B | −0.3 (0.4)B,D | 0.0 (0.4)B,3 | −0.3 (0.4)B,C | −0.8 (0.2)C | −0.7 (0.3)C,D,4,5 |
DUR | −0.3 (0.2)E,F | −0.1 (0.3)E | −0.1 (0.1)E,3 | −0.6 (0.2)F | −1.1 (0.2)G | −2.3 (0.4)H,6,7 | |
ESQ | −0.1 (0.2)I,J | 0.2 (0.2)I | 0.1 (0.2)I,2,3 | −0.3 (0.2)J,K | −0.4 (0.2)K | −0.9 (0.3)L,4,5 | |
FSU | 0.1 (0.2)M | 0.1 (0.3)M | 0.1 (0.1)3 | −0.6 (0.2)N | −1.4 (0.2)O | −2.7 (0.2)P,7 |
Standard deviations are in parentheses and the same superscript letter denotes homogenous subsets in each material (p > 0.05). The same superscript number denotes homogenous subsets after 1 month immersion (p > 0.05).
BLO, Block HC (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); CER, Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan); GRA, Gradia Block (GC); KZR, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block (Yamamota Precious Metal, Osaka, Japan); ULT, Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); ENA, Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany); TEL, Telio CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); VIT, Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH); APX, Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); DUR, Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); ESQ, Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan); FSU, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M/ESPE).
Standard deviations are in parentheses and the same superscript letters are not significantly different (p > 0.05).
BLO, Block HC (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); CER, Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan); GRA, Gradia Block (GC); KZR, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block (Yamamota Precious Metal, Osaka, Japan); ULT, Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); ENA, Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany); TEL, Telio CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); VIT, Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH); APX, Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); DUR, Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); ESQ, Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan); FSU, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M/ESPE).
Material type | Code | Water | Coffee | After polishing | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | 1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | |||
Composite resin block | BLO | 0.2 (0.1)a | 0.3 (0.2)a | 0.3 (0.1)a,3 | 1.3 (0.5)b | 2.2 (0.5)c | 3.7 (0.7)d,5 | 1.8 (0.5) |
CER | 0.3 (0.3)e | 0.4 (0.2)e | 0.7 (0.2)e,g,1,2,3 | 1.2 (0.4)f,g | 1.9 (0.7)f | 2.7 (0.6)h,5,6,7 | 0.9 (0.4) | |
GRA | 0.3 (0.2)i | 0.3 (0.2)i | 0.4 (0.2)i,2,3 | 0.5 (0.3)i | 0.9 (0.2)j | 1.6 (0.4)k,$,6,7 | 1.6 (0.5)$ | |
KZR | 0.2 (0.1)l | 0.3 (0.2)l | 0.3 (0.1)l,3 | 1.0 (0.3)m | 1.6 (0.3)n | 2.9 (0.3)o,5,6 | 0.9 (0.2) | |
ULT | 0.7 (0.4)p | 0.6 (0.3)p | 0.5 (0.3)p,2,3 | 1.7 (0.3)q | 2.7 (0.4)r | 3.6 (0.6)s,5 | 1.2 (0.4) | |
Hybrid ceramic block | ENA | 0.3 (0.2)t | 0.4 (0.2)t | 0.5 (0.4)t,2,3 | 0.5 (0.3)t | 0.8 (0.4)t | 1.4 (0.4)u,7 | 0.5 (0.2) |
PMMA block | TEL# | 0.9 (0.6) | 0.9 (0.8) | 1.0 (0.8)1,2 | 0.9 (0.7) | 1.6 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.1)6,7 | 1.2 (0.9) |
Feldspar ceramic block | VIT | 0.3 (0.2)v | 0.3 (0.1)v | 0.3 (0.2)v,3 | 0.4 (0.2)v | 1.1 (0.2)w | 1.8 (0.3)x,6,7 | 0.3 (0.1) |
Conventional restorative composite resin | APX | 0.9 (0.4)y,z | 0.8 (0.4)y | 0.8 (0.7)y,1,2,3 | 1.4 (0.2)z | 2.1 (0.3)A | 2.1 (0.2)A,6,7 | 0.5 (0.2) |
DUR | 0.5 (0.2)B | 0.7 (0.2)B,C | 0.9 (0.3)B,C,1,2,3 | 1.6 (0.6)B,C | 4.1 (1.2)D | 7.9 (1.5)E,4 | 5.7 (1.4) | |
ESQ | 0.3 (0.2)F | 0.2 (0.1)F | 0.9 (0.1)G,1,2,3 | 0.8 (0.3)G | 1.6 (0.4)H | 2.4 (0.5)I,5,6,7 | 0.7 (0.3) | |
FSU | 0.3 (0.1)J | 0.6 (0.2)J | 1.3 (0.1)J,K,1 | 2.3 (0.7)K | 3.7 (1.0)L | 6.6 (1.0)M,4 | 4.4 (0.9) |
Standard deviations are in parentheses and the same superscript letter denotes homogenous subsets in each material (p > 0.05). The same superscript number denotes homogenous subsets after 1 month immersion (p > 0.05).
BLO, Block HC (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); CER, Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan); GRA, Gradia Block (GC); KZR, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block (Yamamota Precious Metal, Osaka, Japan); ULT, Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); ENA, Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany); TEL, Telio CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); VIT, Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH); APX, Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); DUR, Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); ESQ, Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan); FSU, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M/ESPE).
#Not significantly different in spite of immersion condition.
$The difference between ΔE of 1 month coffee and after polishing 1 month coffee by paired t test was significant in all groups except for GRA denotes.
Material type | Code | Water | Coffee | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | 1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | ||
Composite resin block | BLO | 0.0 (0.1)a | 0.0 (0.2)a | 0.0 (0.1)a,3 | −0.3 (0.3)b | −0.6 (0.2)c | −1.0 (0.2)d,5 |
CER | 0.1 (0.2)e,f | 0.2 (0.3)e | 0.6 (0.3)e,1,2 | −0.2 (0.1)e | −0.3 (0.2)f | −0.4 (0.2)f,4 | |
GRA | 0.0 (0.1)g | 0.1 (0.2)g | 0.6 (0.2)h,1 | −0.3 (0.1)i | −0.5 (0.2)i | −0.7 (0.2)j,4,5 | |
KZR | 0.0 (0.1)k | −0.3 (0.2)l | −0.2 (0.2)k,l,3 | −0.8 (0.2)m | −1.4 (0.1)n | −1.8 (0.2)o,6 | |
ULT | 0.1 (0.5)p | 0.0 (0.1)p | −0.1 (0.2)p,3 | −0.4 (0.3)p,q | −0.7 (0.3)q | −1.2 (0.4)r,2,3 | |
Hybrid ceramic block | ENA | 0.1 (0.2)s | 0.1 (0.2)s | 0.0 (0.2)s,t,3 | −0.1 (0.2)s,u | −0.3 (0.2)t,u | −0.7 (0.1)v,4,5 |
PMMA block | TEL# | 0.0 (0.4)w | −0.1 (0.4)w | 0.1 (0.3)w,3 | −0.4 (0.2)w | −0.4 (0.3)w | −0.4 (0.2)w,4 |
Feldspar ceramic block | VIT | 0.0 (0.1)x | −0.1 (0.1)x,y | −0.1 (0.1)x,3 | −0.4 (0.1)y | −1.2 (0.2)z | −2.1 (0.3)A,6 |
Conventional restorative composite resin | APX | −0.1 (0.4)B | −0.3 (0.4)B,D | 0.0 (0.4)B,3 | −0.3 (0.4)B,C | −0.8 (0.2)C | −0.7 (0.3)C,D,4,5 |
DUR | −0.3 (0.2)E,F | −0.1 (0.3)E | −0.1 (0.1)E,3 | −0.6 (0.2)F | −1.1 (0.2)G | −2.3 (0.4)H,6,7 | |
ESQ | −0.1 (0.2)I,J | 0.2 (0.2)I | 0.1 (0.2)I,2,3 | −0.3 (0.2)J,K | −0.4 (0.2)K | −0.9 (0.3)L,4,5 | |
FSU | 0.1 (0.2)M | 0.1 (0.3)M | 0.1 (0.1)3 | −0.6 (0.2)N | −1.4 (0.2)O | −2.7 (0.2)P,7 |
Standard deviations are in parentheses and the same superscript letter denotes homogenous subsets in each material (p > 0.05). The same superscript number denotes homogenous subsets after 1 month immersion (p > 0.05).
BLO, Block HC (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); CER, Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan); GRA, Gradia Block (GC); KZR, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block (Yamamota Precious Metal, Osaka, Japan); ULT, Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); ENA, Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany); TEL, Telio CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); VIT, Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH); APX, Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); DUR, Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); ESQ, Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan); FSU, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M/ESPE).
Standard deviations are in parentheses and the same superscript letters are not significantly different (p > 0.05).
BLO, Block HC (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); CER, Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan); GRA, Gradia Block (GC); KZR, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block (Yamamota Precious Metal, Osaka, Japan); ULT, Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); ENA, Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany); TEL, Telio CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); VIT, Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH); APX, Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); DUR, Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); ESQ, Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan); FSU, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M/ESPE).
Bis-GMA, bisphenol A diglycidylether methacrylate; Bis-MEPP, 2,2-Bis(4-methacryloxypolyethoxyphenyl)propane; UDMA, urethane dimethacrylate; TEGDMA, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; Bis-EMA, ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate; DMA, dimethacrylate; MMA, methyl methacrylate.
Material type | Code | Water | Coffee | After polishing | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | 1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | |||
Composite resin block | BLO | 0.2 (0.1)a | 0.3 (0.2)a | 0.3 (0.1)a,3 | 1.3 (0.5)b | 2.2 (0.5)c | 3.7 (0.7)d,5 | 1.8 (0.5) |
CER | 0.3 (0.3)e | 0.4 (0.2)e | 0.7 (0.2)e,g,1,2,3 | 1.2 (0.4)f,g | 1.9 (0.7)f | 2.7 (0.6)h,5,6,7 | 0.9 (0.4) | |
GRA | 0.3 (0.2)i | 0.3 (0.2)i | 0.4 (0.2)i,2,3 | 0.5 (0.3)i | 0.9 (0.2)j | 1.6 (0.4)k,$,6,7 | 1.6 (0.5)$ | |
KZR | 0.2 (0.1)l | 0.3 (0.2)l | 0.3 (0.1)l,3 | 1.0 (0.3)m | 1.6 (0.3)n | 2.9 (0.3)o,5,6 | 0.9 (0.2) | |
ULT | 0.7 (0.4)p | 0.6 (0.3)p | 0.5 (0.3)p,2,3 | 1.7 (0.3)q | 2.7 (0.4)r | 3.6 (0.6)s,5 | 1.2 (0.4) | |
Hybrid ceramic block | ENA | 0.3 (0.2)t | 0.4 (0.2)t | 0.5 (0.4)t,2,3 | 0.5 (0.3)t | 0.8 (0.4)t | 1.4 (0.4)u,7 | 0.5 (0.2) |
PMMA block | TEL# | 0.9 (0.6) | 0.9 (0.8) | 1.0 (0.8)1,2 | 0.9 (0.7) | 1.6 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.1)6,7 | 1.2 (0.9) |
Feldspar ceramic block | VIT | 0.3 (0.2)v | 0.3 (0.1)v | 0.3 (0.2)v,3 | 0.4 (0.2)v | 1.1 (0.2)w | 1.8 (0.3)x,6,7 | 0.3 (0.1) |
Conventional restorative composite resin | APX | 0.9 (0.4)y,z | 0.8 (0.4)y | 0.8 (0.7)y,1,2,3 | 1.4 (0.2)z | 2.1 (0.3)A | 2.1 (0.2)A,6,7 | 0.5 (0.2) |
DUR | 0.5 (0.2)B | 0.7 (0.2)B,C | 0.9 (0.3)B,C,1,2,3 | 1.6 (0.6)B,C | 4.1 (1.2)D | 7.9 (1.5)E,4 | 5.7 (1.4) | |
ESQ | 0.3 (0.2)F | 0.2 (0.1)F | 0.9 (0.1)G,1,2,3 | 0.8 (0.3)G | 1.6 (0.4)H | 2.4 (0.5)I,5,6,7 | 0.7 (0.3) | |
FSU | 0.3 (0.1)J | 0.6 (0.2)J | 1.3 (0.1)J,K,1 | 2.3 (0.7)K | 3.7 (1.0)L | 6.6 (1.0)M,4 | 4.4 (0.9) |
Standard deviations are in parentheses and the same superscript letter denotes homogenous subsets in each material (p > 0.05). The same superscript number denotes homogenous subsets after 1 month immersion (p > 0.05).
BLO, Block HC (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); CER, Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan); GRA, Gradia Block (GC); KZR, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block (Yamamota Precious Metal, Osaka, Japan); ULT, Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); ENA, Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany); TEL, Telio CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); VIT, Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH); APX, Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); DUR, Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); ESQ, Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan); FSU, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M/ESPE).
#Not significantly different in spite of immersion condition.
$The difference between ΔE of 1 month coffee and after polishing 1 month coffee by paired t test was significant in all groups except for GRA denotes.
Material type | Code | Water | Coffee | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | 1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | ||
Composite resin block | BLO | 0.0 (0.1)a | 0.0 (0.2)a | 0.0 (0.1)a,3 | −0.3 (0.3)b | −0.6 (0.2)c | −1.0 (0.2)d,5 |
CER | 0.1 (0.2)e,f | 0.2 (0.3)e | 0.6 (0.3)e,1,2 | −0.2 (0.1)e | −0.3 (0.2)f | −0.4 (0.2)f,4 | |
GRA | 0.0 (0.1)g | 0.1 (0.2)g | 0.6 (0.2)h,1 | −0.3 (0.1)i | −0.5 (0.2)i | −0.7 (0.2)j,4,5 | |
KZR | 0.0 (0.1)k | −0.3 (0.2)l | −0.2 (0.2)k,l,3 | −0.8 (0.2)m | −1.4 (0.1)n | −1.8 (0.2)o,6 | |
ULT | 0.1 (0.5)p | 0.0 (0.1)p | −0.1 (0.2)p,3 | −0.4 (0.3)p,q | −0.7 (0.3)q | −1.2 (0.4)r,2,3 | |
Hybrid ceramic block | ENA | 0.1 (0.2)s | 0.1 (0.2)s | 0.0 (0.2)s,t,3 | −0.1 (0.2)s,u | −0.3 (0.2)t,u | −0.7 (0.1)v,4,5 |
PMMA block | TEL# | 0.0 (0.4)w | −0.1 (0.4)w | 0.1 (0.3)w,3 | −0.4 (0.2)w | −0.4 (0.3)w | −0.4 (0.2)w,4 |
Feldspar ceramic block | VIT | 0.0 (0.1)x | −0.1 (0.1)x,y | −0.1 (0.1)x,3 | −0.4 (0.1)y | −1.2 (0.2)z | −2.1 (0.3)A,6 |
Conventional restorative composite resin | APX | −0.1 (0.4)B | −0.3 (0.4)B,D | 0.0 (0.4)B,3 | −0.3 (0.4)B,C | −0.8 (0.2)C | −0.7 (0.3)C,D,4,5 |
DUR | −0.3 (0.2)E,F | −0.1 (0.3)E | −0.1 (0.1)E,3 | −0.6 (0.2)F | −1.1 (0.2)G | −2.3 (0.4)H,6,7 | |
ESQ | −0.1 (0.2)I,J | 0.2 (0.2)I | 0.1 (0.2)I,2,3 | −0.3 (0.2)J,K | −0.4 (0.2)K | −0.9 (0.3)L,4,5 | |
FSU | 0.1 (0.2)M | 0.1 (0.3)M | 0.1 (0.1)3 | −0.6 (0.2)N | −1.4 (0.2)O | −2.7 (0.2)P,7 |
Standard deviations are in parentheses and the same superscript letter denotes homogenous subsets in each material (p > 0.05). The same superscript number denotes homogenous subsets after 1 month immersion (p > 0.05).
BLO, Block HC (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); CER, Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan); GRA, Gradia Block (GC); KZR, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block (Yamamota Precious Metal, Osaka, Japan); ULT, Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); ENA, Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany); TEL, Telio CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); VIT, Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH); APX, Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); DUR, Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); ESQ, Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan); FSU, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M/ESPE).
Standard deviations are in parentheses and the same superscript letters are not significantly different (p > 0.05).
BLO, Block HC (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); CER, Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan); GRA, Gradia Block (GC); KZR, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block (Yamamota Precious Metal, Osaka, Japan); ULT, Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); ENA, Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany); TEL, Telio CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); VIT, Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH); APX, Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); DUR, Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); ESQ, Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan); FSU, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M/ESPE).
Material type | Code | Water | Coffee | After polishing | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | 1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | |||
Composite resin block | BLO | 0.2 (0.1)a | 0.3 (0.2)a | 0.3 (0.1)a,3 | 1.3 (0.5)b | 2.2 (0.5)c | 3.7 (0.7)d,5 | 1.8 (0.5) |
CER | 0.3 (0.3)e | 0.4 (0.2)e | 0.7 (0.2)e,g,1,2,3 | 1.2 (0.4)f,g | 1.9 (0.7)f | 2.7 (0.6)h,5,6,7 | 0.9 (0.4) | |
GRA | 0.3 (0.2)i | 0.3 (0.2)i | 0.4 (0.2)i,2,3 | 0.5 (0.3)i | 0.9 (0.2)j | 1.6 (0.4)k,$,6,7 | 1.6 (0.5)$ | |
KZR | 0.2 (0.1)l | 0.3 (0.2)l | 0.3 (0.1)l,3 | 1.0 (0.3)m | 1.6 (0.3)n | 2.9 (0.3)o,5,6 | 0.9 (0.2) | |
ULT | 0.7 (0.4)p | 0.6 (0.3)p | 0.5 (0.3)p,2,3 | 1.7 (0.3)q | 2.7 (0.4)r | 3.6 (0.6)s,5 | 1.2 (0.4) | |
Hybrid ceramic block | ENA | 0.3 (0.2)t | 0.4 (0.2)t | 0.5 (0.4)t,2,3 | 0.5 (0.3)t | 0.8 (0.4)t | 1.4 (0.4)u,7 | 0.5 (0.2) |
PMMA block | TEL# | 0.9 (0.6) | 0.9 (0.8) | 1.0 (0.8)1,2 | 0.9 (0.7) | 1.6 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.1)6,7 | 1.2 (0.9) |
Feldspar ceramic block | VIT | 0.3 (0.2)v | 0.3 (0.1)v | 0.3 (0.2)v,3 | 0.4 (0.2)v | 1.1 (0.2)w | 1.8 (0.3)x,6,7 | 0.3 (0.1) |
Conventional restorative composite resin | APX | 0.9 (0.4)y,z | 0.8 (0.4)y | 0.8 (0.7)y,1,2,3 | 1.4 (0.2)z | 2.1 (0.3)A | 2.1 (0.2)A,6,7 | 0.5 (0.2) |
DUR | 0.5 (0.2)B | 0.7 (0.2)B,C | 0.9 (0.3)B,C,1,2,3 | 1.6 (0.6)B,C | 4.1 (1.2)D | 7.9 (1.5)E,4 | 5.7 (1.4) | |
ESQ | 0.3 (0.2)F | 0.2 (0.1)F | 0.9 (0.1)G,1,2,3 | 0.8 (0.3)G | 1.6 (0.4)H | 2.4 (0.5)I,5,6,7 | 0.7 (0.3) | |
FSU | 0.3 (0.1)J | 0.6 (0.2)J | 1.3 (0.1)J,K,1 | 2.3 (0.7)K | 3.7 (1.0)L | 6.6 (1.0)M,4 | 4.4 (0.9) |
Standard deviations are in parentheses and the same superscript letter denotes homogenous subsets in each material (p > 0.05). The same superscript number denotes homogenous subsets after 1 month immersion (p > 0.05).
BLO, Block HC (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); CER, Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan); GRA, Gradia Block (GC); KZR, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block (Yamamota Precious Metal, Osaka, Japan); ULT, Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); ENA, Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany); TEL, Telio CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); VIT, Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH); APX, Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); DUR, Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); ESQ, Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan); FSU, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M/ESPE).
#Not significantly different in spite of immersion condition.
$The difference between ΔE of 1 month coffee and after polishing 1 month coffee by paired t test was significant in all groups except for GRA denotes.
Material type | Code | Water | Coffee | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | 1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | ||
Composite resin block | BLO | 0.0 (0.1)a | 0.0 (0.2)a | 0.0 (0.1)a,3 | −0.3 (0.3)b | −0.6 (0.2)c | −1.0 (0.2)d,5 |
CER | 0.1 (0.2)e,f | 0.2 (0.3)e | 0.6 (0.3)e,1,2 | −0.2 (0.1)e | −0.3 (0.2)f | −0.4 (0.2)f,4 | |
GRA | 0.0 (0.1)g | 0.1 (0.2)g | 0.6 (0.2)h,1 | −0.3 (0.1)i | −0.5 (0.2)i | −0.7 (0.2)j,4,5 | |
KZR | 0.0 (0.1)k | −0.3 (0.2)l | −0.2 (0.2)k,l,3 | −0.8 (0.2)m | −1.4 (0.1)n | −1.8 (0.2)o,6 | |
ULT | 0.1 (0.5)p | 0.0 (0.1)p | −0.1 (0.2)p,3 | −0.4 (0.3)p,q | −0.7 (0.3)q | −1.2 (0.4)r,2,3 | |
Hybrid ceramic block | ENA | 0.1 (0.2)s | 0.1 (0.2)s | 0.0 (0.2)s,t,3 | −0.1 (0.2)s,u | −0.3 (0.2)t,u | −0.7 (0.1)v,4,5 |
PMMA block | TEL# | 0.0 (0.4)w | −0.1 (0.4)w | 0.1 (0.3)w,3 | −0.4 (0.2)w | −0.4 (0.3)w | −0.4 (0.2)w,4 |
Feldspar ceramic block | VIT | 0.0 (0.1)x | −0.1 (0.1)x,y | −0.1 (0.1)x,3 | −0.4 (0.1)y | −1.2 (0.2)z | −2.1 (0.3)A,6 |
Conventional restorative composite resin | APX | −0.1 (0.4)B | −0.3 (0.4)B,D | 0.0 (0.4)B,3 | −0.3 (0.4)B,C | −0.8 (0.2)C | −0.7 (0.3)C,D,4,5 |
DUR | −0.3 (0.2)E,F | −0.1 (0.3)E | −0.1 (0.1)E,3 | −0.6 (0.2)F | −1.1 (0.2)G | −2.3 (0.4)H,6,7 | |
ESQ | −0.1 (0.2)I,J | 0.2 (0.2)I | 0.1 (0.2)I,2,3 | −0.3 (0.2)J,K | −0.4 (0.2)K | −0.9 (0.3)L,4,5 | |
FSU | 0.1 (0.2)M | 0.1 (0.3)M | 0.1 (0.1)3 | −0.6 (0.2)N | −1.4 (0.2)O | −2.7 (0.2)P,7 |
Standard deviations are in parentheses and the same superscript letter denotes homogenous subsets in each material (p > 0.05). The same superscript number denotes homogenous subsets after 1 month immersion (p > 0.05).
BLO, Block HC (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); CER, Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan); GRA, Gradia Block (GC); KZR, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block (Yamamota Precious Metal, Osaka, Japan); ULT, Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); ENA, Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany); TEL, Telio CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); VIT, Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH); APX, Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); DUR, Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); ESQ, Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan); FSU, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M/ESPE).
Standard deviations are in parentheses and the same superscript letters are not significantly different (p > 0.05).
BLO, Block HC (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); CER, Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan); GRA, Gradia Block (GC); KZR, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block (Yamamota Precious Metal, Osaka, Japan); ULT, Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); ENA, Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany); TEL, Telio CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); VIT, Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH); APX, Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); DUR, Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); ESQ, Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan); FSU, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M/ESPE).
Type | Brand | Code | Manufacturer | Shade/Size | Batch | Composition | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monomer | Filler | Mass% (Vol%) | ||||||
Composite resin block | Block HC | BLO | Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan | A3 - HT/M | 21401 | UDMA, TEGDMA | Silica powder, micro fumed silica, zirconium silicate | 61.0 |
Cerasmart | CER | GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan | A3 - LT/14 | 1308261E | Bis-MEPP, UDMA, DMA | Silica (20 nm), barium glass (300 nm) | 71.0 | |
Gradia Block | GRA | GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan | A3/14 | 1308012 | UDMA, methacrylate copolymer | Silica, Al-silicate glass, prepolymerized filler | 76.0 | |
KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block | KZR | Yamamoto Precious Metal Co., Osaka, Japan | A3 | 1021410 | UDMA,TEGDMA | SiO2 (20 nm), aggregated SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2 (200 – 600 nm) cluster (1 - 6 µm) | 74.0 | |
Lava Ultimate | ULT | 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA | A3 - HT/14L | N494437 | Bis-GMA, UDMA, Bis-EMA,TEGDMA | SiO2 (20 nm), ZrO2 (4 - 11 nm), aggregated ZrO2/SiO2 cluster (SiO2 = 20 nm, ZrO2 = 4 - 11 nm) | 80.0 | |
Hybrid ceramic block | Vita Enamic | ENA | Vita Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany | 3M2 - HT/EM -14 | 47630 | UDMA, TEGDMA | Feldspar ceramic enriched with aluminum oxide | 86.0 (75.0) |
PMMA block | Telio CAD | TEL | Ivoclar Vivadent Inc., Schaan, Liechtenstein | A3 | T09738 | MMA | - | - |
Feldspar ceramic block | Vitablocs Mark II | VIT | Vita Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany | A3C/I14 | 07BY0803 | - | Feldspathic crystalline particles in glassy matrix | - |
Conventional restorative composite resin | Clearfil AP-X | APX | Kurarey, Okayama, Japan | A3 | 01447A | Bis-GMA, TEGDMA | Silanated barium glass, Silanated colloidal silica, Silanated silica (0.1 - 15 µm) | 86.0 (70.0) |
Durafill VS | DUR | Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany | A3 | 10218 | Bis-GMA, UDMA, TEGDMA | SiO2 (20 - 70 nm), prepolymer < 20 µm, SiO2 in prepolymer: 32 wt% | 75.3 (66.0) | |
Estelite Sigma Quick | ESQ | Tokuyama Dental Corporation, Tokyo, Japan | A3 | 151064P | Bis-GMA, TEGDMA | Silica-zirconia filler, composite filler (0.1 - 0.3 µm) | 80.0 (71.0) | |
Filtek Supreme Ultra | FSU | 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA | A3 | N433373 | Bis-GMA, UDMA, Bis-EMA, TEGDMA | SiO2 (20 nm), ZrO2 (4 - 11 nm), aggregated ZrO2/SiO2 cluster (SiO2 = 20 nm, ZrO2 = 4 - 11 nm) | 78.5 (63.3) |
Bis-GMA, bisphenol A diglycidylether methacrylate; Bis-MEPP, 2,2-Bis(4-methacryloxypolyethoxyphenyl)propane; UDMA, urethane dimethacrylate; TEGDMA, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; Bis-EMA, ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate; DMA, dimethacrylate; MMA, methyl methacrylate.
Material type | Code | Water | Coffee | After polishing | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | 1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | |||
Composite resin block | BLO | 0.2 (0.1)a | 0.3 (0.2)a | 0.3 (0.1)a, | 1.3 (0.5)b | 2.2 (0.5)c | 3.7 (0.7)d, | 1.8 (0.5) |
CER | 0.3 (0.3)e | 0.4 (0.2)e | 0.7 (0.2)e,g, | 1.2 (0.4)f,g | 1.9 (0.7)f | 2.7 (0.6)h, | 0.9 (0.4) | |
GRA | 0.3 (0.2)i | 0.3 (0.2)i | 0.4 (0.2)i, | 0.5 (0.3)i | 0.9 (0.2)j | 1.6 (0.4)k,$, | 1.6 (0.5)$ | |
KZR | 0.2 (0.1)l | 0.3 (0.2)l | 0.3 (0.1)l, | 1.0 (0.3)m | 1.6 (0.3)n | 2.9 (0.3)o, | 0.9 (0.2) | |
ULT | 0.7 (0.4)p | 0.6 (0.3)p | 0.5 (0.3)p, | 1.7 (0.3)q | 2.7 (0.4)r | 3.6 (0.6)s, | 1.2 (0.4) | |
Hybrid ceramic block | ENA | 0.3 (0.2)t | 0.4 (0.2)t | 0.5 (0.4)t, | 0.5 (0.3)t | 0.8 (0.4)t | 1.4 (0.4)u, | 0.5 (0.2) |
PMMA block | TEL# | 0.9 (0.6) | 0.9 (0.8) | 1.0 (0.8) | 0.9 (0.7) | 1.6 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.1) | 1.2 (0.9) |
Feldspar ceramic block | VIT | 0.3 (0.2)v | 0.3 (0.1)v | 0.3 (0.2)v, | 0.4 (0.2)v | 1.1 (0.2)w | 1.8 (0.3)x, | 0.3 (0.1) |
Conventional restorative composite resin | APX | 0.9 (0.4)y,z | 0.8 (0.4)y | 0.8 (0.7)y, | 1.4 (0.2)z | 2.1 (0.3)A | 2.1 (0.2)A, | 0.5 (0.2) |
DUR | 0.5 (0.2)B | 0.7 (0.2)B,C | 0.9 (0.3)B,C, | 1.6 (0.6)B,C | 4.1 (1.2)D | 7.9 (1.5)E, | 5.7 (1.4) | |
ESQ | 0.3 (0.2)F | 0.2 (0.1)F | 0.9 (0.1)G, | 0.8 (0.3)G | 1.6 (0.4)H | 2.4 (0.5)I, | 0.7 (0.3) | |
FSU | 0.3 (0.1)J | 0.6 (0.2)J | 1.3 (0.1)J,K, | 2.3 (0.7)K | 3.7 (1.0)L | 6.6 (1.0)M, | 4.4 (0.9) |
Standard deviations are in parentheses and the same superscript letter denotes homogenous subsets in each material (p > 0.05). The same superscript number denotes homogenous subsets after 1 month immersion (p > 0.05).
BLO, Block HC (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); CER, Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan); GRA, Gradia Block (GC); KZR, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block (Yamamota Precious Metal, Osaka, Japan); ULT, Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); ENA, Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany); TEL, Telio CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); VIT, Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH); APX, Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); DUR, Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); ESQ, Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan); FSU, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M/ESPE).
#Not significantly different in spite of immersion condition.
$The difference between ΔE of 1 month coffee and after polishing 1 month coffee by paired t test was significant in all groups except for GRA denotes.
Material type | Code | Water | Coffee | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | 1 day | 1 wk | 1 mon | ||
Composite resin block | BLO | 0.0 (0.1)a | 0.0 (0.2)a | 0.0 (0.1)a, | −0.3 (0.3)b | −0.6 (0.2)c | −1.0 (0.2)d, |
CER | 0.1 (0.2)e,f | 0.2 (0.3)e | 0.6 (0.3)e, | −0.2 (0.1)e | −0.3 (0.2)f | −0.4 (0.2)f, | |
GRA | 0.0 (0.1)g | 0.1 (0.2)g | 0.6 (0.2)h, | −0.3 (0.1)i | −0.5 (0.2)i | −0.7 (0.2)j, | |
KZR | 0.0 (0.1)k | −0.3 (0.2)l | −0.2 (0.2)k,l, | −0.8 (0.2)m | −1.4 (0.1)n | −1.8 (0.2)o, | |
ULT | 0.1 (0.5)p | 0.0 (0.1)p | −0.1 (0.2)p, | −0.4 (0.3)p,q | −0.7 (0.3)q | −1.2 (0.4)r, | |
Hybrid ceramic block | ENA | 0.1 (0.2)s | 0.1 (0.2)s | 0.0 (0.2)s,t, | −0.1 (0.2)s,u | −0.3 (0.2)t,u | −0.7 (0.1)v, |
PMMA block | TEL# | 0.0 (0.4)w | −0.1 (0.4)w | 0.1 (0.3)w, | −0.4 (0.2)w | −0.4 (0.3)w | −0.4 (0.2)w, |
Feldspar ceramic block | VIT | 0.0 (0.1)x | −0.1 (0.1)x,y | −0.1 (0.1)x, | −0.4 (0.1)y | −1.2 (0.2)z | −2.1 (0.3)A, |
Conventional restorative composite resin | APX | −0.1 (0.4)B | −0.3 (0.4)B,D | 0.0 (0.4)B, | −0.3 (0.4)B,C | −0.8 (0.2)C | −0.7 (0.3)C,D, |
DUR | −0.3 (0.2)E,F | −0.1 (0.3)E | −0.1 (0.1)E, | −0.6 (0.2)F | −1.1 (0.2)G | −2.3 (0.4)H, | |
ESQ | −0.1 (0.2)I,J | 0.2 (0.2)I | 0.1 (0.2)I, | −0.3 (0.2)J,K | −0.4 (0.2)K | −0.9 (0.3)L, | |
FSU | 0.1 (0.2)M | 0.1 (0.3)M | 0.1 (0.1) | −0.6 (0.2)N | −1.4 (0.2)O | −2.7 (0.2)P, |
Standard deviations are in parentheses and the same superscript letter denotes homogenous subsets in each material (p > 0.05). The same superscript number denotes homogenous subsets after 1 month immersion (p > 0.05).
BLO, Block HC (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); CER, Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan); GRA, Gradia Block (GC); KZR, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block (Yamamota Precious Metal, Osaka, Japan); ULT, Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); ENA, Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany); TEL, Telio CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); VIT, Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH); APX, Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); DUR, Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); ESQ, Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan); FSU, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M/ESPE).
Material type | Code | Water sorption | Water solubility |
---|---|---|---|
Composite resin block | BLO | 39.7 (1.3)a | 0.6 (0.5)C,D |
CER | 22.0 (0.7)e | −0.2 (0.2)F | |
GRA | 16.9 (1.3)g,h | −2.7 (0.5)G | |
KZR | 23.5 (0.7)d | −0.2 (0.1)F | |
ULT | 30.7 (0.3)b | −0.4 (0.3)F | |
Hybrid ceramic block | ENA | 7.0 (0.2)i | −2.8 (0.0)G |
PMMA block | TEL | 23.2 (0.1)d,e | −0.1 (0.1)E,F |
Feldspar ceramic block | VIT | 0.1 (0.2)j | −0.1(0.0)E,F |
Conventional restorative composite resin | APX | 15.8 (0.2)h | 1.1 (0.1)C |
DUR | 17.3 (0.2)g | 2.7 (0.2)A | |
ESQ | 19.5 (0.1)f | 0.4 (0.1)D,E | |
FSU | 25.7 (0.6)c | 1.7 (0.1)B |
Standard deviations are in parentheses and the same superscript letters are not significantly different (p > 0.05).
BLO, Block HC (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); CER, Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan); GRA, Gradia Block (GC); KZR, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block (Yamamota Precious Metal, Osaka, Japan); ULT, Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); ENA, Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany); TEL, Telio CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); VIT, Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH); APX, Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); DUR, Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); ESQ, Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan); FSU, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M/ESPE).
Bis-GMA, bisphenol A diglycidylether methacrylate; Bis-MEPP, 2,2-Bis(4-methacryloxypolyethoxyphenyl)propane; UDMA, urethane dimethacrylate; TEGDMA, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; Bis-EMA, ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate; DMA, dimethacrylate; MMA, methyl methacrylate.
Standard deviations are in parentheses and the same superscript letter denotes homogenous subsets in each material (
BLO, Block HC (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); CER, Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan); GRA, Gradia Block (GC); KZR, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block (Yamamota Precious Metal, Osaka, Japan); ULT, Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); ENA, Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany); TEL, Telio CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); VIT, Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH); APX, Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); DUR, Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); ESQ, Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan); FSU, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M/ESPE).
#Not significantly different in spite of immersion condition.
$The difference between Δ
Standard deviations are in parentheses and the same superscript letter denotes homogenous subsets in each material (
BLO, Block HC (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); CER, Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan); GRA, Gradia Block (GC); KZR, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block (Yamamota Precious Metal, Osaka, Japan); ULT, Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); ENA, Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany); TEL, Telio CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); VIT, Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH); APX, Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); DUR, Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); ESQ, Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan); FSU, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M/ESPE).
Standard deviations are in parentheses and the same superscript letters are not significantly different (
BLO, Block HC (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); CER, Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan); GRA, Gradia Block (GC); KZR, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block (Yamamota Precious Metal, Osaka, Japan); ULT, Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); ENA, Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH, Bad Säckingen, Germany); TEL, Telio CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); VIT, Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik GMbH); APX, Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan); DUR, Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); ESQ, Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan); FSU, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M/ESPE).