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Research Article
Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of maxillary premolar canal anatomy: Ahmed’s versus Vertucci’s classifications in a Jordanian cohort
Raidan Ba-Hattab, Muna M. Shaweesh, Nessrin A. Taha, Elham S. Abu Alhaija
Restor Dent Endod 2026;51(1):e11.   Published online February 26, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2026.51.e11
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives
This study analyzed the root and canal configurations of maxillary premolars in a Jordanian subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and classified them based on Vertucci’s and Ahmed’s systems.
Methods
Two hundred CBCT scans of 800 maxillary premolars were retrospectively assessed for root morphology, canal configurations, and root canal divergence and merging. Data was statistically analyzed.
Results
The study included 70 males and 130 females. Most right and left maxillary first premolars (RFPM, LFPM) had two roots (59.0% and 58.5%), with a significant association between sex and root number for RFPM and LFPM (p < 0.05). In contrast, the right and left maxillary second premolars (RSPM, LSPM) mostly had a single root (87.5% and 88.5%), with no association with sex. Vertucci’s classification showed type IV as the predominant configuration in first premolars (RFPM, 65.0% and LFPM, 67.0%) and type I in second premolars (RSPM, 44.0% and LSPM, 49.0%). A significant sex association was found only with RSPM. Ahmed’s classification revealed that maxillary premolar with two separated roots and two separated canals (2MP B1 P1) was mostly found in first premolars (RFPM, 58.0% and LFPM, 56.0%), and maxillary premolar with one root and one canal (1MP1) in second premolars (RSPM, 44.0% and LSPM, 49.0%), with a significant sex association for RSPM and LSPM (p < 0.05). Age had no impact, and symmetry was observed between the right and left sides. Three-rooted premolars were identified in four cases. Almost all of Vertucci’s types and numerous codes from Ahmed’s classification were documented.
Conclusions
CBCT revealed diverse anatomical variations in the Jordanian subpopulation, with Ahmed’s classification providing more detailed canal configurations than Vertucci’s, uncovering previously overlooked variations.
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Original Article
Stress distribution of endodontically treated maxillary second premolars restored with different methods: Three-dimensional finite element analysis
Dong-Yeol Lim, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Bock Hur, Kwang-Hoon Kim, Kwon Son, Jeong-Kil Park
J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2009;34(1):69-79.   Published online January 31, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.1.069
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of elastic modulus of restorative materials and the number of interfaces of post and core systems on the stress distribution of three differently restored endodontically treated maxillary second premolars using 3D FE analysis. Model 1, 2 was restored with a stainless steel or glass fiber post and direct composite resin. A PFG or a sintered alumina crown was considered. Model 3 was restored by EndoCrown. An oblique 500 N was applied on the buccal (Load A) and palatal (Load B) cusp. The von Mises stresses in the coronal and root structure of each model were analyzed using ANSYS. The elastic modulus of the definitive restorations rather than the type of post and core system was the primary factor that influenced the stress distribution of endodontically treated maxillary premolars. The stress concentration at the coronal structure could be lowered through the use of definitive restoration of high elastic modulus. The stress concentration at the root structure could be lowered through the use of definitive restoration of low elastic modulus.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • How loss of tooth structure impacts the biomechanical behavior of a single-rooted maxillary premolar: FEA
    Roaa Abdelwahab Abdelfattah, Nawar Naguib Nawar, Engy M. Kataia, Shehabeldin Mohamed Saber
    Odontology.2024; 112(1): 279.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Proximal Caries-driven Access on the Biomechanical Behavior of Endodontically Treated Maxillary Premolars
    Nawar Naguib Nawar, Roaa Abdelwahab Abdelfattah, Mohamed Kataia, Shehabeldin Mohamed Saber, Engy Medhat Kataia, Hyeon-Cheol Kim
    Journal of Endodontics.2023; 49(10): 1337.     CrossRef
  • Survival and success of endocrowns: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Raghad A. Al-Dabbagh
    The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.2021; 125(3): 415.e1.     CrossRef
  • Influence of Cavity Design on Stress Distribution in Second Premolar Tooth Using Finite Element Analysis
    Z. Parlar, E.U. Gökçek, K. Yildirim, A. Kahyaoglu
    Acta Physica Polonica A.2017; 132(3-II): 949.     CrossRef
  • Influence of post types and sizes on fracture resistance in the immature tooth model
    Jong-Hyun Kim, Sung-Ho Park, Jeong-Won Park, Il-Young Jung
    Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(4): 257.     CrossRef
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