Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

Research Articles

Investigation of fracture prevalence of instruments used in root canal treatments at a faculty of dentistry: a prospective study: Mehmet Eskibağlar, Merve Yeniçeri Özata, Mevlüt Sinan Ocak, Faruk Öztekin; Restor Dent Endod 2023;48(4):e38. Published online November 1, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e38

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine the use of hand or rotary files by pre-graduation (fourth- and fifth-year) and postgraduate students in endodontic treatments and to determine the incidence of file fracture and the management of cases with broken instruments.

Materials and Methods

A total of 2,168 teeth undergoing primary endodontic treatment were included in this study. It was determined that 79 of these teeth resulted in broken tools. In the case of broken tools, the education level of the treating clinician, the tooth that was being treated, the canal and fracture level, the curvature of the tooth and the management of the broken instrument were recorded. Periapical radiographs of the patients were used to calculate curvature following the Schneider method.

Results

There was no significant difference in the incidence of broken tools according to education level (p > 0.05). The incidence of file fracture in molar teeth (73.4%) was higher than in other teeth (p < 0.05). More files were broken in the mandibular molar MB canal (20.25%) and in the apical third of the canals (72.1%). The risk of instrument fracture was high in teeth with moderate (44.3%) and severe (38%) curvature canals. The management of apically broken (80%) files mostly involved lefting (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

There was no statistically significant difference between fourth-year students, fifth-year students and postgraduate students in terms of instrument fracture.

Citations

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Case Study of a Broken Instrument in a Primary Tooth and Literature Review
Masashi Nakano, Tatsuya Akitomo, Masashi Ogawa, Mariko Kametani, Momoko Usuda, Satoru Kusaka, Chieko Mitsuhata, Ryota Nomura
Children.2025; 12(2): 149. CrossRef
Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite (Nd:YAP) Laser in the Elimination of Endodontic Nickel-Titanium Files Fractured in Rooted Canals (Part 2: Teeth With Significant Root Curvature)
Amaury Namour, Marwan El Mobadder, Clément Cerfontaine, Patrick Matamba, Lucia Misoaga, Delphine Magnin , Praveen Arany, Samir Nammour
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Pattern of endodontic instrument separation and factors affecting its retrieval: a 10-year retrospective observational study in a postgraduate institute
Velmurugan Natanasabapathy, Aswathi Varghese, Paul Kevin Abishek Karthikeyan, Srinivasan Narasimhan
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2025; 50(1): e7. CrossRef
Perception of Dental Interns About Intracanal Fracture of Endodontic Instruments in the Central Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abdullah Ahmad A. Aloyouni, Muhammad Atif Saleem Agwan, Saleh Suliman S. Almuzaini, Faris Saleh A. Alqazlan, Abdulaziz Abdulrhman A. Alshumaym, Khalid Abdullah G. Alfuryah
Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.2024; 16(Suppl 4): S3890. CrossRef
Predictive factors in the retrieval of endodontic instruments: the relationship between the fragment length and location
Ricardo Portigliatti, Eugenia Pilar Consoli Lizzi, Pablo Alejandro Rodríguez
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Causes and prevention of endodontic file fractures: a review of the literature
Erkal Damla, Er Kürşat
Acta Stomatologica Marisiensis Journal.2024; 7(2): 33. CrossRef
PREVALENCE AND ENDODONTIC MANAGEMENT OF SEPARATED INSTRUMENTS INSIDE THE ROOT CANAL
Cristina Coralia Nistor, Ana Maria Țâncu , Elena Claudia Coculescu , Albu Cristina Crenguta , Stefan Milicescu , Bogdan Dimitriu
Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation.2024; 16(1): 96. CrossRef

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Dentinal defects induced by 6 different endodontic files when used for oval root canals: an in vitro comparative study: Ajinkya M Pawar, Bhagyashree Thakur, Anda Kfir, Hyeon-Cheol Kim; Restor Dent Endod 2019;44(3):e31. Published online July 29, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2019.44.e31

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Objectives

To compare the formation of dentinal defects using stainless-steel hand K-files (HFs), rotary files, reciprocating files, and Self-Adjusting File (SAF), when used for oval root canals.

Materials and Methods

One hundred and forty extracted human mandibular premolar with single root and oval canal were selected for this study. Oval canals were confirmed by exposing to mesio-distal and bucco-lingual radiographs. Teeth with open apices or anatomic irregularities were excluded. All selected teeth were de-coronated perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth, leaving roots segments approximately of 16 mm in length. Twenty teeth were left unprepared (control), and the remaining 120 teeth were divided into 6 groups (n = 20) and instrumented using HF (size 40/0.02), Revo-S (RS; size 40/0.06), ProTaper NEXT (PTN; size 40/0.06), WaveOne (WO; size 40/0.09), RECIPROC (RC; size 40/0.06), and the SAF (2 mm). Roots were then sectioned 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex, and observed under stereomicroscope, for presence of dentinal defects. “No defect” was defined as root dentin that presented with no visible microcracks or fractures. “Defect” was defined by microcracks or fractures in the root dentin.

Results

The control, HF, and SAF did not exhibit any dentinal defects. In roots instrumented by RS, PTN, WO, and RC files exhibited microcracks (incomplete or complete) in 40%, 30%, 55%, and 50%, respectively.

Conclusions

The motor-driven root canal instrumentation with rotary and reciprocating files may create microcracks in radicular dentine, whereas the stainless-steel hand file instrumentation, and the SAF produce minimal or less cracks.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Evaluation of dentinal crack formation during post space preparation using different fiber post systems with micro-computed tomography
Ayşe Nur Kuşuçar, Damla Kırıcı
BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative evaluation of incidence of dentinal defects after root canal preparation using three different endodontic retreatment systems – An in vitro study
S. Aarthi, J. S. Sivakumar, A. Andamuthu Sivakumar, J. Saravanapriyan Soundappan, M. Chittrarasu, G. Jayanthi
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.2024; 27(3): 262. CrossRef
Evaluation of Dentin Cracks by Stereomicroscope after Preparation of Mesiobuccal Canal of Maxillary First Molars Using Edge Taper Platinum and ProTaper Gold Rotary Files: A Laboratory Study
Narjes Hoshyari, Seyedali Seyedmajidi, Anahita Lotfizadeh, Eghlima Malakan, Abolfazl Hosseinnataj, Azam Haddadi Kohsar
Avicenna Journal of Dental Research.2023; 15(4): 167. CrossRef
A comparative evaluation of dentinal defects after root canal preparation with different rotary and reciprocal systems
Ece Yakın, Berna Aslan, Emine Odabaşı Tezer
Northwestern Medical Journal.2023; 3(3): 147. CrossRef
Comparison of Dentinal Defects Induced by Rotary, Reciprocating, and Hand Files in Oval Shaped Root Canal - An In-Vitro Study
Harakh Chand Branawal, Neelam Mittal, Prachi Rani, Aiyman Ayubi, Silviya Samad
Indian Journal of Dental Research.2023; 34(4): 433. CrossRef
Comparative evaluation of incidence of dentinal defects after root canal preparation using hand, rotary, and reciprocating files: An ex vivo study
Debanjan Das, Sudipto Barai, Rohit Kumar, Sourav Bhattacharyya, AsimB Maity, Pushpa Shankarappa
Journal of International Oral Health.2022; 14(1): 78. CrossRef
Effect of XP‐endo Shaper versus conventional rotary files on postoperative pain and bacterial reduction in oval canals with necrotic pulps: a randomized clinical study
R. S. Emara, S. I. Gawdat, H. M. M. El‐Far
International Endodontic Journal.2021; 54(7): 1026. CrossRef
Comparative Evaluation of Dentinal Microcrack Formation by Single Reciprocating File Systems: An In Vitro Study
Baby James, A Devadathan, Manuja Nair, Ashitha T Kulangara, Jose Jacob
Conservative Dentistry and Endodontic Journal.2020; 5(1): 1. CrossRef
The potential effect of instrumentation with different nickel titanium rotary systems on dentinal crack formation—An in vitro study
Márk Fráter, András Jakab, Gábor Braunitzer, Zsolt Tóth, Katalin Nagy, Andrej M. Kielbassa
PLOS ONE.2020; 15(9): e0238790. CrossRef

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Original Article

CYCLIC FATIGUE OF THE SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE TREATED AND /OR STEAM AUTOCLAVED NICKEL-TITANIUM ENDODONTIC FILES: Hye-Young Cho, Il-Young Jung, Chan-Young Lee, Euiseong Kim; J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2008;33(1):54-65. Published online January 14, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2008.33.1.054

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sodium hypochlorite and steam autoclaving on the cyclic fatigue of nickel-titanium endodontic files.

Two types of files with a .06 taper and #30 were used, K3^® (SybronEndo, Glendora, California, USA) and Hero642^®(Micro-Mega, Besançon, France).

The files were divided into 6 experimental groups containing 10 files each group depending the soaking time in 6% sodium hypochlorite solution and number of cycles of steam autoclave. After sterilization, a cyclic fatigue test was performed on each file, and the fracture time was recorded in seconds. The control group underwent the cyclic fatigue test only. After the test, the surface characteristics of the files were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

All groups containing the Hero 642^® files showed a similar cyclic fatigue fracture time. However, the cyclic fatigue fracture time with the K3^® files was significantly shorter in groups which were treated with sodium hypochlorite than in the control group (P < 0.05). SEM revealed both Hero642^® and K3^® files to have significant corrosion on the file surface in groups treated with sodium hypochlorite, compared with the sharp and regular blades of the control group. K3^® files showed more corrosion than the Hero642^® files. Bluntness of the blades of the K3^® file was observed in groups treated with steam autoclave. Although there was no obvious destruction on the surface of steam autoclaved Hero642^® files, slight bluntness was observed.

Sterilizing with a steam autoclave is much less destructive to K3^® files than sodium hypochlorite. The longer time exposed to sodium hypochlorite, the more destructive pattern was shown on the blades of the files. Therefore, when using sodium hypochlorite solution, the exposure time should be as short as possible in order to prevent corrosion and increase the cyclic fatigue fracture time.

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