Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

The effects of gingival blood flow on pulpal blood flow detection using ultrasound Doppler flowmetry: animal study: Dohyun Kim, Hyoung-Seok Ko, Soo-Yeon Park, Seung-Yeon Ryu, Sung-ho Park; Restor Dent Endod 2023;48(1):e9. Published online January 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2023.48.e9

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Objectives
This study evaluated the effect of adjacent gingival blood flow on detection of pulpal blood flow (PBF) using ultrasound Doppler flowmetry (UDF) through animal study.
Materials and Methods
The study included 36 right and left maxillary the third incisors and canines in 9 experimental dogs. The study included 2 main steps: In the first step, the pulse sound level (PSL) was recorded on the cervical part of each tooth without flap elevation (Group 1), with flap elevation (Group 2), and after it was repositioned in place (Group 3). In the second step, the PSL was recorded on the cervical part of each tooth (Group 4), after pulpotomy (Group 5), after partial pulp extirpation (Group 6), after complete extirpation (Group 7), and after canal filling (Group 8). In Groups 5–8, the study was performed with and without flap elevation in the left and right teeth, respectively. The PSL was graded as follows: 0, inaudible; 1, heard faintly; and 2, heard well. The difference between each group was analyzed using Friedman’s test with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (α = 0.05).
Results
In step 1, the PSL results were Group 1 > 2 and 3. In step 2, there was no significant difference between the groups when the flap was not elevated, while PSL results were Group 4 > 5 ≥ 6 and 7 ≥ 8 when the flap was elevated.
Conclusions
PBF is affected by gingival blood flow when measured with UDF. UDF measurements require isolation of gingiva from the tooth.

Antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament in root canal treatment: a literature review - Part II. in vivo studies: Dohyun Kim, Euiseong Kim; Restor Dent Endod 2015;40(2):97-103. Published online December 9, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.2.97

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: The first part of this study reviewed the characteristics of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) and summarized the results of in vitro studies related to its antimicrobial effects. The second part of this review covers in vivo studies including human clinical studies and animal studies. The use of Ca(OH)₂ as an intracanal medicament represented better histological results in animal studies. However, human clinical studies showed limited antimicrobial effects that microorganisms were reduced but not eliminated through the treatment, and that some species had resistance to Ca(OH)₂. Most of clinical outcome studies supported that there is no improvement in healing of periapical lesions when Ca(OH)₂ was applied between appointments. Further studies are required for the antimicrobial effects of Ca(OH)₂, and search for the ideal material and technique to completely clean infected root canals should be continued.

Antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament in root canal treatment: a literature review - Part I. In vitro studies: Dohyun Kim, Euiseong Kim; Restor Dent Endod 2014;39(4):241-252. Published online August 20, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2014.39.4.241

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: The goal of endodontic treatment is the prevention and control of pulpal and periradicular infections. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) has been widely used in endodontics as an intracanal medicament to eliminate the remaining microorganisms after chemomechanical preparation. The purpose of this article is to review the antimicrobial properties of Ca(OH)₂ as an intracanal medicament in root canal treatment. The first part of this review details the characteristics of Ca(OH)₂ and summarizes the results of in vitro studies related to its antimicrobial effect. The antimicrobial effect of Ca(OH)₂ results from the release of hydroxyl ions when it comes into contact with aqueous fluids. Ca(OH)₂ has a wide range of antimicrobial effects against common endodontic pathogens, but is less effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. The addition of vehicles or other agents might contribute to the antimicrobial effect of Ca(OH)₂.

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