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Flexural strength and microstructure of two lithium disilicate glass ceramics for CAD/CAM restoration in the dental clinic
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Suk-Ho Kang, Juhea Chang, Ho-Hyun Son
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Restor Dent Endod 2013;38(3):134-140. Published online August 23, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2013.38.3.134
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Abstract
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- Objectives
There has been a growing interest in glass ceramic systems with good esthetics, high fracture resistance and bonding durability, and simplified fabrication techniques using CAD/CAM. The aim of this study is to compare flexural strength before and after heat treatment of two lithium disilicate CAD/CAM blocks, IPS e.max CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Rosetta SM (Hass), and to observe their crystalline structures. Materials and MethodsBiaxial flexural strength was tested according to ISO 6872 with 20 disc form specimens sliced from each block before and after heat treatment. Also, the crystalline structures were observed using field-emission scanning microscopy (FE-SEM, Hitachi) and x-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku) analysis. The mean values of the biaxial flexural strength were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of p = 0.05. ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in flexural strength between IPS e.max CAD and Rosetta SM either before heat treatment or after heat treatment. For both ceramics, the initial flexural strength greatly increased after heat treatment, with significant differences (p < 0.05). The FE-SEM images presented similar patterns of crystalline structure in the two ceramics. In the XRD analysis, they also had similar patterns, presenting high peak positions corresponding to the standard lithium metasilicate and lithium disilicate at each stage of heat treatment. ConclusionsIPS e.max CAD and Rosetta SM showed no significant differences in flexural strength. They had a similar crystalline pattern and molecular composition.
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The nanoleakage patterns of experimental hydrophobic adhesives after load cycling
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Suh-Jin Sohn, Ju-Hae Chang, Suk-Ho Kang, Hyun-Mi Yoo, Byeong-Hoon Cho, Ho-Hyun Son
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J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2008;33(1):9-19. Published online January 31, 2008
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2008.33.1.009
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Abstract
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The purpose of this study was: (1) to compare nanoleakage patterns of a conventional 3-step etch and rinse adhesive system and two experimental hydrophobic adhesive systems and (2) to investigate the change of the nanoleakage patterns after load cycling. Two kinds of hydrophobic experimental adhesives, ethanol containing adhesive (EA) and methanol containing adhesive (MA), were prepared. Thirty extracted human molars were embedded in resin blocks and occlusal thirds of the crowns were removed. The polished dentin surfaces were etched with a 35% phosphoric acid etching gel and rinsed with water. Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (MP), EA and MA were used for bonding procedure. Z-250 composite resin was built-up on the adhesive-treated surfaces. Five teeth of each dentin adhesive group were subjected to mechanical load cycling. The teeth were sectioned into 2 mm thick slabs and then stained with 50% ammoniacal silver nitrate. Ten specimens for each group were examined under scanning electron microscope in backscattering electron mode. All photographs were analyzed using image analysis software. Three regions of each specimen were used for evaluation of the silver uptake within the hybrid layer. The area of silver deposition was calculated and expressed in gray value. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA and post-hoc testing of multiple comparisons was done with the Scheffe's test. Silver particles were observed in all the groups. However, silver particles were more sparsely distributed in the EA group and the MA group than in the MP group (p < .0001). There were no changes in nanoleakage patterns after load cycling.
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Citations
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Jong-Ryul Kim, Sang-Jin Park, Gi-Woon Choi, Kyoung-Kyu Choi Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(3): 211. CrossRef - The effect of priming etched dentin with solvent on the microtensile bond strength of hydrophobic dentin adhesive
Eun-Sook Park, Ji-Hyun Bae, Jong-Soon Kim, Jae-Hoon Kim, In-Bog Lee, Chang-Keun Kim, Ho-Hyun Son, Byeong-Hoon Cho Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2009; 34(1): 42. CrossRef
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Microleakage of microfill and flowable composite resins in class V cavity after load cycling
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Suk-Ho Kang, Oh-young Kim, Myung-Hwan Oh, Byeong-Hoon Cho, Chung-Moon Um, Hyuk-Choon Kwon, Ho-Hyun Son
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J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2002;27(2):142-149. Published online March 31, 2002
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2002.27.2.142
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Abstract
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Low-viscosity composite resins may produce better sealed margins than stiffer compositions (Kemp-Scholte and Davidson, 1988; Crim, 1989). Flowable composites have been recommended for use in Class V cavities but it is also controversial because of its high rates of shrinkage. On the other hand, in the study comparing elastic moduli and leakage, the microfill had the least leakage (Rundle et al. 1997). Furthermore, in the 1996 survey of the Reality Editorial Team, microfills were the clear choice for abfraction lesions.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of 6 compostite resins (2 hybrids, 2 microfills, and 2 flowable composites) with and without load cycling.
Notch-shaped Class V cavities were prepared on buccal surface of 180 extracted human upper premolars on cementum margin. The teeth were randomly divided into non-load cycling group (group 1) and load cycling group (group 2) of 90 teeth each. The experimental teeth of each group were randomly divided into 6 subgroups of 15 samples. All preparations were etched, and Single bond was applied. Preparations were restored with the following materials (n=15): hybrid composite resin [Z250(3M Dental Products Inc. St.Paul, USA), Denfil(Vericom, Ahnyang, Korea)], microfill [Heliomolar RO(Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Micronew(Bisco Inc. Schaumburg, IL, USA)], and flowable composite [AeliteFlo(Bisco Inc. Schaumburg, IL, USA), Revolution(Kerr Corp. Orange, CA, USA)]. Teeth of group 2 were subjected to occlusal load (100N for 50,000 cycles) using chewing simulator(MTS 858 Mini Bionix II system, MTS Systems Corp., Minn. USA). All samples were coated with nail polish 1mm short of the restoration, placed in 2% methylene blue for 24 hours, and sectioned with a diamond wheel. Enamel and dentin/cementum margins were analyzed for microleakage on a sclale of 0 (no leakage) to 3 (3/3 of wall). Results were statistically analyzed by Kruscal-Wallis One way analysis, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Student-Newmann-Keuls method. (p=0.05)
Results
1. There was significantly less microleage in enamel margins than dentinal margins of all groups. (p<0.05)
2. There was no significant difference between six composite resin in enamel margin of group 1.
3. In dentin margin of group 1, flowable composite had more microleakage than others but not of significant differences.
4. There was no significant difference between six composite resin in enamel margin of group 2.
5. In dentin margin of group 2, the microleakage were R>A=H=M>D>Z. But there was no significant differences.
6. In enamel margins, load cycling did not affect the marginal microleakage in significant degree.
7. In dentin margins, load cycling did affect the marginal microleakage only in Revolution. (p<0.05)
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JH Bae, YK Kim, PY Yoon, MA Lee, BH Cho Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2007; 32(5): 469. CrossRef
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