EFFECT OF LIGHT SOURCE AND SHADE ON DEPTH OF CURE OF COMPOSITES

Joon-Sok Na; Sun-Wa Jeong; Yun-Chan Hwang; Sun-Ho Kim; Chang Yun; Won-Mann Oh; In-Nam Hwang

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2002.27.6.561

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Original Article EFFECT OF LIGHT SOURCE AND SHADE ON DEPTH OF CURE OF COMPOSITES: Joon-Sok Na, Sun-Wa Jeong, Yun-Chan Hwang, Sun-Ho Kim, Chang Yun, Won-Mann Oh, In-Nam Hwang; Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2002;27(6):561-568.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2002.27.6.561
Published online: January 14, 2002

Dept. of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, DSRI, Chonnam National University

Dept. of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Seonam University

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose of this research is estimating polymerization depth of different source of light. XL 3000 for halogen light, Apollo 95E for plasma arc light and Easy cure for LED light source were used in this study. Different shade (B1 & A3) resin composites (Esthet-X, Dentsply, U.S.A.) were used to measure depth of cure. 1, 2, and 3 mm thick samples were light cured for three seconds, six seconds or 10 seconds with Apollo 95E and they were light cured with XL-3000 and Easy cure for 10 seconds, 20 seconds, or 40 seconds. Vicker's hardness test carried out after store samples for 24 hours in distilled water.
Results were as following.
1. Curing time increases from all source of lights, curing depth increased(p<0.05).
2. Depth (that except 1mm group and 2mm group which lighten to halogen source of light) deepens in all groups, Vickers hardness decreased(p<0.05).
3. Vicker's hardness of A3 shade composite was lower in all depths more than B1 shade composites in group that do polymerization for 10 seconds and 20 seconds using halogen source of light(p<0.05), but group that do polymerization for 40 seconds did not show difference(p>0.05).
4. Groups that do polymerization using Plasma arc and LED source of light did not show Vicker's hardness difference according to color at surface and 1mm depth(p>0.05), but showed difference according to color at 2mm and 3mm depth(p<0.05). The results showed that Apollo 95E need more polymerization times than manufacturer's recommendation (3 seconds), and Easy cure need polymerization time of XL-3000 at least.
Keywords: Curing depth; Plasma Arc; LED light

Fig. 1.

Schematic drawing of specimen fabrication.

Fig. 2.

Vicker's hardness number of composite cured by XL 3000

Fig. 3.

Vicker's hardness number of composite cured by Apollo 95E.

Fig. 4.

Vicker's hardness number of composite cured by Easy cure.

Fig. 5.

Mean VHN of B1 shade groups on top surface.

Fig. 6.

Mean VHN of B1 shade experimental groups on 1mm from the top surface.

Fig. 7.

Mean VHN of B1 shdae experimental groups on 2mm from the top surface.

Fig. 8.

Mean VHN of B1 shade experimental groups on 3mm from the top surface.

Fig. 9.

Ratio of the VHN by depth in B1 shade.

Fig. 10.

Ratio of the VHN by depth in A3 shade.

Table 1.

Composition of Esthet∙X

Matrix	Filler
ethoxylated Bisphenol-A-	inorganic bariumalumino
dimethacrylate	fluroborosilicate(BAFG)
Triethylene glycol dimet-	glass with nano-sized sili-
hacrylate(TEGDMA)	con dioxide particles
photoinitiation system	vol: 60%
diketone, Camphoroquin-	weight: 77%
one(CQ)

Table 2.

Tested light curing unit

Curing unit	Manufacturer	Light source	Tip Diameter
XL 3000	3M, U.S.A.	Halogen lamp	12 mm
Apollo 95E	DMD, U.S.A.	Xenon lamp	7.5 mm
Easy cure	ICS, U.S.A.	LED light	8 mm

Table 3.

Light source, resin shade and irradiation time for tested group

Light source	Curing unit	Time of i rradiation	Tested shade
Halogen	XL 3000	10, 20, 40sec	B1, A3
Plasma arc	Apollo 95E	3, 6, 10sec	B1, A3
LED	Easy cure	10, 20, 40sec	B1, A3

Table 4.

Vicker's hardness number of B1 shade Mean(S.D.), n=15

Curing unit	Curing time	top	bottom
Curing unit	Curing time	top	1mm	2mm	3mm
	10s	57.43(3.76)	54.14(5.06)^c,d	53.20(6.48)^d	33.77(5.47)
XL 3000	20s	60.68(5.38)	57.66(5.27)^g	56.40(5.18)^g	42.81(3.92)
	40s	63.40(3.49)^a	61.78(4.49)^h	61.49(6.06)^h	56.23(7.06)^f
	3s	62.36(2.36)	55.07(3.44)^c	40.04(6.38)	30.87(3.88)
Apollo 95E	6s	70.33(4.81)^b	62.89(3.95)	60.40(3.87)	52.23(6.71)
	10s	72.47(4.73)	68.59(2.04)^e	64.00(3.48)	56.71(2.47)
	10s	63.31(4.22)^a	51.42(4.21)	38.39(2.34)	27.43(3.47)
Easy cure	20s	68.33(3.68)	63.63(2.64)	48.60(3.76)	37.72(5.90)
	40s	70.66(6.20)^b	69.13(5.46)^e	64.90(3.21)	54.70(7.51)^f

The same letters were not significantly different.

Table 5.

Vicker's hardness number of A3 shade Mean(S.D.), n=15

Curing unit	Curing time	top	bottom
Curing unit	Curing time	top	1mm	2mm	3mm
	10s	51.27(5.12)	46.50(5.36)	41.65(3.28)	29.73(3.89)
XL 3000	20s	57.25(2.30)	55.82(1.69)	47.80(3.07)	46.55(3.07)
	40s	62.39(3.07)*	60.94(5.26)*	59.70(4.58)*	55.51(3.23)*
	3s	61.69(2.60)*	56.49(4.96)*	49.45(1.64)	25.00(3.70)
Apollo 95E	6s	65.87(3.09)	62.45(1.32)*	52.93(3.82)	36.96(2.89)
	10s	74.87(1.87)*	64.79(1.71)	54.49(0.77)	52.81(1.51)
	10s	55.27(1.92)	49.51(4.93)*	29.10(4.65)	22.00(3.25)
Easy cure	20s	62.87(3.09)	59.55(4.88)	44.08(5.26)	29.52(4.24)
	40s	70.87(3.50)*	62.91(2.18)	60.87(4.44)	43.89(7.08)

^*: No significant difference with B1 shade.

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EFFECT OF LIGHT SOURCE AND SHADE ON DEPTH OF CURE OF COMPOSITES

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2002;27(6):561-568. Published online January 14, 2002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2002.27.6.561

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Figure

EFFECT OF LIGHT SOURCE AND SHADE ON DEPTH OF CURE OF COMPOSITES

Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of specimen fabrication.

Fig. 2. Vicker's hardness number of composite cured by XL 3000

Fig. 3. Vicker's hardness number of composite cured by Apollo 95E.

Fig. 4. Vicker's hardness number of composite cured by Easy cure.

Fig. 5. Mean VHN of B1 shade groups on top surface.

Fig. 6. Mean VHN of B1 shade experimental groups on 1mm from the top surface.

Fig. 7. Mean VHN of B1 shdae experimental groups on 2mm from the top surface.

Fig. 8. Mean VHN of B1 shade experimental groups on 3mm from the top surface.

Fig. 9. Ratio of the VHN by depth in B1 shade.

Fig. 10. Ratio of the VHN by depth in A3 shade.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.

EFFECT OF LIGHT SOURCE AND SHADE ON DEPTH OF CURE OF COMPOSITES

Matrix	Filler
ethoxylated Bisphenol-A-	inorganic bariumalumino
dimethacrylate	fluroborosilicate(BAFG)
Triethylene glycol dimet-	glass with nano-sized sili-
hacrylate(TEGDMA)	con dioxide particles
photoinitiation system	vol: 60%
diketone, Camphoroquin-	weight: 77%
one(CQ)

Curing unit	Manufacturer	Light source	Tip Diameter
XL 3000	3M, U.S.A.	Halogen lamp	12 mm
Apollo 95E	DMD, U.S.A.	Xenon lamp	7.5 mm
Easy cure	ICS, U.S.A.	LED light	8 mm

Light source	Curing unit	Time of i rradiation	Tested shade
Halogen	XL 3000	10, 20, 40sec	B1, A3
Plasma arc	Apollo 95E	3, 6, 10sec	B1, A3
LED	Easy cure	10, 20, 40sec	B1, A3

Curing unit	Curing time	top	bottom
Curing unit	Curing time	top	1mm	2mm	3mm
	10s	57.43(3.76)	54.14(5.06)^c,d	53.20(6.48)^d	33.77(5.47)
XL 3000	20s	60.68(5.38)	57.66(5.27)^g	56.40(5.18)^g	42.81(3.92)
	40s	63.40(3.49)^a	61.78(4.49)^h	61.49(6.06)^h	56.23(7.06)^f
	3s	62.36(2.36)	55.07(3.44)^c	40.04(6.38)	30.87(3.88)
Apollo 95E	6s	70.33(4.81)^b	62.89(3.95)	60.40(3.87)	52.23(6.71)
	10s	72.47(4.73)	68.59(2.04)^e	64.00(3.48)	56.71(2.47)
	10s	63.31(4.22)^a	51.42(4.21)	38.39(2.34)	27.43(3.47)
Easy cure	20s	68.33(3.68)	63.63(2.64)	48.60(3.76)	37.72(5.90)
	40s	70.66(6.20)^b	69.13(5.46)^e	64.90(3.21)	54.70(7.51)^f

Curing unit	Curing time	top	bottom
Curing unit	Curing time	top	1mm	2mm	3mm
	10s	51.27(5.12)	46.50(5.36)	41.65(3.28)	29.73(3.89)
XL 3000	20s	57.25(2.30)	55.82(1.69)	47.80(3.07)	46.55(3.07)
	40s	62.39(3.07)*	60.94(5.26)*	59.70(4.58)*	55.51(3.23)*
	3s	61.69(2.60)*	56.49(4.96)*	49.45(1.64)	25.00(3.70)
Apollo 95E	6s	65.87(3.09)	62.45(1.32)*	52.93(3.82)	36.96(2.89)
	10s	74.87(1.87)*	64.79(1.71)	54.49(0.77)	52.81(1.51)
	10s	55.27(1.92)	49.51(4.93)*	29.10(4.65)	22.00(3.25)
Easy cure	20s	62.87(3.09)	59.55(4.88)	44.08(5.26)	29.52(4.24)
	40s	70.87(3.50)*	62.91(2.18)	60.87(4.44)	43.89(7.08)

Table 1. Composition of Esthet∙X

Table 2. Tested light curing unit

Table 3. Light source, resin shade and irradiation time for tested group

Table 4. Vicker's hardness number of B1 shade Mean(S.D.), n=15

The same letters were not significantly different.

Table 5. Vicker's hardness number of A3 shade Mean(S.D.), n=15

: No significant difference with B1 shade.