Polymerization shrinkage kinetics of silorane-based composites

Youngchul Kwon; In-Bog Lee

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.1.051

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Basic Research Polymerization shrinkage kinetics of silorane-based composites: Youngchul Kwon, In-Bog Lee; 2010;35(1):-58.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.1.051
Published online: January 31, 2010

Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Korea.

Corresponding Author: In-Bog Lee. Department of Conservative Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 275-1 Yoengeon-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-786, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2072-3953, Fax: 82-2-2072-3859, inboglee@snu.ac.kr

• Received: January 10, 2010 • Revised: January 13, 2010 • Accepted: January 14, 2010

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Dental composites have improved significantly in physical properties over the past few decades. However, polymerization shrinkage and stress is still the major drawback of composites, limiting its use to selected cases. Much effort has been made to make low shrinking composites to overcome this issue and silorane-based composites have recently been introduced into the market.

The aim of this study was to measure the volumetric polymerization shrinkage kinetics of a silorane-based composite and compare it with conventional methacrylate-based composites in order to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing polymerization shrinkage.

Five commercial methacrylate-based (Beautifil, Z100, Z250, Z350 and Gradia X) and a silorane-based (P90) composites were investigated. The volumetric change of the composites during light polymerization was detected continuously as buoyancy change in distilled water by means of Archemedes'principle, using a newly made volume shrinkage measurement instrument. The null hypothesis was that there were no differences in polymerization shrinkage, peak polymerization shrinkage rate and peak shrinkage time between the silorane-based composite and methacrylate-based composites. The results were as follows:
1. The shrinkage of silorane-based (P90) composites was the lowest (1.48%), and that of Beautifil composite was the highest (2.80%). There were also significant differences between brands among the methacrylate-based composites.
2. Peak polymerization shrinkage rate was the lowest in P90 (0.13%/s) and the highest in Z100 (0.34%/s).
3. The time to reach peak shrinkage rate of the silorane-based composite (P90) was longer (6.7 s) than those of the methacrylate-based composites (2.4-3.1 s).
4. Peak shrinkage rate showed a strong positive correlation with the product of polymerization shrinkage and the inverse of peak shrinkage time (R = 0.95).
Keywords: Silorane; Composites; Polymerization shrinkage; Peak polymerization shrinkage rate; Peak shrinkage time; Archemede'principle; Buoyancy

Figure 1

Schematic diagram of the instrument for measuring polymerization shrinkage.

Figure 2

(a) Representative curves of polymerization shrinkage (%) and (b) Polymerization shrinkage rate (%/s) of composites as a function of time.

Figure 3

(a) Polymerization shrinkage (%), (b) Peak shrinkage rate (%/s), and (c) Peak shrinkage time (s) of composites.

Table 1

Composites used in this study

Table 2

Polymerization shrinkage (%) at 10 min, peak shrinkage rate (%/s), peak shrinkage time (s), and the inverse of peak shrinkage time (1/s) of composites

Mean values with the same superscripts are not significantly different (p > 0.05).

Number in parenthesis is standard deviation.

Table 3

Correlation analysis among polymerization shrinkage (%), peak shrinkage rate (%/s), peak shrinkage time (s), the inverse of peak time (1/s), and the product of polymerization shrinkage and the inverse of peak time of the composites

REFERENCES

1. Peutzfeldt A. Resin composites in dentistry: the monomer systems. Eur J Oral Sci. 1997;105: 97-116.Article PubMed
2. Braga RR, Ferracane JL. Alternatives in polymerization contraction stress management. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2004;15(3):176-184.Article PubMed
3. Davidson CL, Feilzer AJ. Polymerization shrinkage and polymerization shrinkage stress in polymer-based restoratives. J Dent. 1997;25: 435-440.Article PubMed
4. Lee IB. J Korean Dent Assoc. 2008;46: 424-430.
5. Park JG, Cho BH, Lee IB, Kwon HC, Um CM. The Effects of Various Light Intensity on the Polymerization of Resin Composites. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2001;26: 86-94.
6. Feilzer AJ, Dooren LH, de Gee AJ, Davidson CL. Influence of light intensity on polymerization shrinkage and integrity of restoration-cavity interface. Eur J Oral Sci. 1995;103: 322-326.Article PubMed
7. Watts DC, Cash AJ. Determination of polymerization shrinkage kinetics in visible light-cured materials: methods development. Dent Mater. 1991;7: 281-287.Article PubMed
8. Miyazaki M, Hinoura K, Onose H, Moore BK. Effects of filler content of light-cured composites on bond strength to bovine dentine. J Dent. 1991;19: 301-303.PubMed
9. Venhoven B.A.M., de Gee A.J., Davidson CL. Polymerization contraction and conversion of light-curing BisGMA-based methacrylate resins. Biomaterials. 1993;14(11):871-875.PubMed
10. Palin WM, Fleming GJP, Nathwani H, Burke FJT, Randall RC. In vitro cuspal deflection and microleakage of maxillary premolars restored with novel low-shrink dental composites. Dent Mater. 2005;21: 324-335.Article PubMed
11. Feilzer AJ, de Gee AJ, Davidson CL. Setting stress in composite resin in relation to configuration of the restoration. J Dent Res. 1987;66: 1636-1639.Article PubMed PDF
12. Segura A, Donly KJ. In vitro posterior composite polymerization recovery following hygroscopic expansion. J Oral Rehabil. 1993;20: 495-499.Article PubMed
13. Park JK, JH Chang, Lee IB. How should composite be layered to reduce shrinkage stress: Incremental or bulk filling? Dent Mater. 2008;24: 1501-1505.PubMed
14. Lee MR, Cho BH, Son HH, Um CM, Lee IB. Influence of cavity dimension and restoration methods on the cusp deflection of premolars in composite restoration. Dent Mater. 2007;23: 288-295.Article PubMed
15. Sahafi A, Peutzefeld A, Asmussen E. Effect of pulse-delay curing on in vitro wall-to-wall contraction of composite in dentin cavity preparations. Am J Dent. 2001;14: 295-296.PubMed
16. Obici AC, Sinhoreti MAC, de Goes MF, Consai S, Sobrinho LC. Effect of the photo-activation method on polymerization shrinkage of restorative composites. Oper Dent. 2002;27: 192-198.PubMed
17. Kemp-Scholte CM, Davidson CL. Complete marginal seal of Class V resin composite restorations effected by increased flexibility. J Dent Res. 1990;69: 1240-1243.PubMed
18. Feilzer AJ, de Gee AJ, Davidson CL. Curing contraction of composites and glass ionomer cements. J Prosthet Dent. 1988;59: 297-300.Article PubMed
19. Weinmann W, Thalacker C, Guggenberg R. Siloranes in dental composites. Dent Mater. 2005;21: 68-74.Article PubMed
20. Stansbury JW, Trujillo-Lemon M, Lu H, Ding X, Lin Y, Ge J. Conversion-dependent shrinkage stress and strain in dental resins and composites. Dent Mater. 2005;21: 56-67.Article PubMed
21. Papadogiannis D, Kakaboura A, Palaghias G, Eliades G. Setting characteristics and cavity adaptation of low-shrinking resin composites. Dent Mater. 2009;25: 1509-1516.PubMed
22. Miletic V, Ivanovic V, Dzeletovic B, Lezaja M. Temperature changes in Silorane-, Ormocer-, and Dimethacrylate-based composites and pulp chamber roof during light-curing. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2009;21: 122-132.Article PubMed
23. Lee IB, Cho BH, Son HH, Um CM. A new method to measure the polymerization shrinkage kinetics of light cured composites. J Oral Rehabil. 2005;32: 304-314.Article PubMed
24. Ellakwa A, Cho NK, Lee IB. The effect of resin matrix composition on the polymerization shrinkage and rheological properties of experimental dental composites. Dent Mater. 2007;23: 1229-1235.Article PubMed
25. Lee IB. A new method - Real time measurement of the initial dynamic volumetric shrinkage of composite resins during polymerization. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2001;26: 134-140.
26. Chappelow CC, Pinzino CS, Power MD, Eick JD. Photocured epoxy/SOC matrix resin systems for dental composites. Polymer Reprints. 1997;38: 90-91.
27. Cadenaro M, Biasotto M, Scuor N, Breschi L, Davidson CL, Lenarda R. Assessment of polymerization contraction stress of three composite resins. Dent Mater. 2008;24: 681-685.Article PubMed
28. Ferracane JL. Developing a more complete understanding of stresses produced in dental composites during polymerization. Dent Mater. 2005;21: 36-42.Article PubMed

Tables & Figures

Figure 1

Schematic diagram of the instrument for measuring polymerization shrinkage.

Figure 2

(a) Representative curves of polymerization shrinkage (%) and (b) Polymerization shrinkage rate (%/s) of composites as a function of time.

Figure 3

(a) Polymerization shrinkage (%), (b) Peak shrinkage rate (%/s), and (c) Peak shrinkage time (s) of composites.

Table 1

Composites used in this study

Table 2

Polymerization shrinkage (%) at 10 min, peak shrinkage rate (%/s), peak shrinkage time (s), and the inverse of peak shrinkage time (1/s) of composites

Mean values with the same superscripts are not significantly different (p > 0.05).

Number in parenthesis is standard deviation.

Table 3

REFERENCES

1. Peutzfeldt A. Resin composites in dentistry: the monomer systems. Eur J Oral Sci. 1997;105: 97-116.Article PubMed
2. Braga RR, Ferracane JL. Alternatives in polymerization contraction stress management. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2004;15(3):176-184.Article PubMed
3. Davidson CL, Feilzer AJ. Polymerization shrinkage and polymerization shrinkage stress in polymer-based restoratives. J Dent. 1997;25: 435-440.Article PubMed
4. Lee IB. J Korean Dent Assoc. 2008;46: 424-430.
5. Park JG, Cho BH, Lee IB, Kwon HC, Um CM. The Effects of Various Light Intensity on the Polymerization of Resin Composites. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2001;26: 86-94.
6. Feilzer AJ, Dooren LH, de Gee AJ, Davidson CL. Influence of light intensity on polymerization shrinkage and integrity of restoration-cavity interface. Eur J Oral Sci. 1995;103: 322-326.Article PubMed
7. Watts DC, Cash AJ. Determination of polymerization shrinkage kinetics in visible light-cured materials: methods development. Dent Mater. 1991;7: 281-287.Article PubMed
8. Miyazaki M, Hinoura K, Onose H, Moore BK. Effects of filler content of light-cured composites on bond strength to bovine dentine. J Dent. 1991;19: 301-303.PubMed
9. Venhoven B.A.M., de Gee A.J., Davidson CL. Polymerization contraction and conversion of light-curing BisGMA-based methacrylate resins. Biomaterials. 1993;14(11):871-875.PubMed
10. Palin WM, Fleming GJP, Nathwani H, Burke FJT, Randall RC. In vitro cuspal deflection and microleakage of maxillary premolars restored with novel low-shrink dental composites. Dent Mater. 2005;21: 324-335.Article PubMed
11. Feilzer AJ, de Gee AJ, Davidson CL. Setting stress in composite resin in relation to configuration of the restoration. J Dent Res. 1987;66: 1636-1639.Article PubMed PDF
12. Segura A, Donly KJ. In vitro posterior composite polymerization recovery following hygroscopic expansion. J Oral Rehabil. 1993;20: 495-499.Article PubMed
13. Park JK, JH Chang, Lee IB. How should composite be layered to reduce shrinkage stress: Incremental or bulk filling? Dent Mater. 2008;24: 1501-1505.PubMed
14. Lee MR, Cho BH, Son HH, Um CM, Lee IB. Influence of cavity dimension and restoration methods on the cusp deflection of premolars in composite restoration. Dent Mater. 2007;23: 288-295.Article PubMed
15. Sahafi A, Peutzefeld A, Asmussen E. Effect of pulse-delay curing on in vitro wall-to-wall contraction of composite in dentin cavity preparations. Am J Dent. 2001;14: 295-296.PubMed
16. Obici AC, Sinhoreti MAC, de Goes MF, Consai S, Sobrinho LC. Effect of the photo-activation method on polymerization shrinkage of restorative composites. Oper Dent. 2002;27: 192-198.PubMed
17. Kemp-Scholte CM, Davidson CL. Complete marginal seal of Class V resin composite restorations effected by increased flexibility. J Dent Res. 1990;69: 1240-1243.PubMed
18. Feilzer AJ, de Gee AJ, Davidson CL. Curing contraction of composites and glass ionomer cements. J Prosthet Dent. 1988;59: 297-300.Article PubMed
19. Weinmann W, Thalacker C, Guggenberg R. Siloranes in dental composites. Dent Mater. 2005;21: 68-74.Article PubMed
20. Stansbury JW, Trujillo-Lemon M, Lu H, Ding X, Lin Y, Ge J. Conversion-dependent shrinkage stress and strain in dental resins and composites. Dent Mater. 2005;21: 56-67.Article PubMed
21. Papadogiannis D, Kakaboura A, Palaghias G, Eliades G. Setting characteristics and cavity adaptation of low-shrinking resin composites. Dent Mater. 2009;25: 1509-1516.PubMed
22. Miletic V, Ivanovic V, Dzeletovic B, Lezaja M. Temperature changes in Silorane-, Ormocer-, and Dimethacrylate-based composites and pulp chamber roof during light-curing. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2009;21: 122-132.Article PubMed
23. Lee IB, Cho BH, Son HH, Um CM. A new method to measure the polymerization shrinkage kinetics of light cured composites. J Oral Rehabil. 2005;32: 304-314.Article PubMed
24. Ellakwa A, Cho NK, Lee IB. The effect of resin matrix composition on the polymerization shrinkage and rheological properties of experimental dental composites. Dent Mater. 2007;23: 1229-1235.Article PubMed
25. Lee IB. A new method - Real time measurement of the initial dynamic volumetric shrinkage of composite resins during polymerization. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2001;26: 134-140.
26. Chappelow CC, Pinzino CS, Power MD, Eick JD. Photocured epoxy/SOC matrix resin systems for dental composites. Polymer Reprints. 1997;38: 90-91.
27. Cadenaro M, Biasotto M, Scuor N, Breschi L, Davidson CL, Lenarda R. Assessment of polymerization contraction stress of three composite resins. Dent Mater. 2008;24: 681-685.Article PubMed
28. Ferracane JL. Developing a more complete understanding of stresses produced in dental composites during polymerization. Dent Mater. 2005;21: 36-42.Article PubMed

Citations

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Polymerization shrinkage kinetics of silorane-based composites

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2010;35(1):51-58. Published online January 31, 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.1.051

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Figure

Polymerization shrinkage kinetics of silorane-based composites

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the instrument for measuring polymerization shrinkage.

Figure 2 (a) Representative curves of polymerization shrinkage (%) and (b) Polymerization shrinkage rate (%/s) of composites as a function of time.

Figure 3 (a) Polymerization shrinkage (%), (b) Peak shrinkage rate (%/s), and (c) Peak shrinkage time (s) of composites.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Polymerization shrinkage kinetics of silorane-based composites

Table 1

Composites used in this study

Table 2

Polymerization shrinkage (%) at 10 min, peak shrinkage rate (%/s), peak shrinkage time (s), and the inverse of peak shrinkage time (1/s) of composites

Mean values with the same superscripts are not significantly different (p > 0.05).

Number in parenthesis is standard deviation.

Table 3

Table 1 Composites used in this study

Table 2 Polymerization shrinkage (%) at 10 min, peak shrinkage rate (%/s), peak shrinkage time (s), and the inverse of peak shrinkage time (1/s) of composites

Mean values with the same superscripts are not significantly different (p > 0.05).

Number in parenthesis is standard deviation.

Table 3 Correlation analysis among polymerization shrinkage (%), peak shrinkage rate (%/s), peak shrinkage time (s), the inverse of peak time (1/s), and the product of polymerization shrinkage and the inverse of peak time of the composites