In vivo evaluation of accuracy and consistency of two electronic apex locators

Chien-Yun Pi; Euiseong Kim; Il-Young Jung; Seung-Jong Lee

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.6.453

Articles

Page Path: HOME > Restor Dent Endod > Volume 35(6); 2010 > Article

Basic Research In vivo evaluation of accuracy and consistency of two electronic apex locators: Chien-Yun Pi, DDS¹, Euiseong Kim, DDS, MSD, PhD², Il-Young Jung, DDS, MSD, PhD², Seung-Jong Lee, DDS, MSD, PhD²; Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2010;35(6):453-460.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.6.453
Published online: November 30, 2010

¹Department of Conservative Dentistry, Wonju Christian Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.

²Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.

Correspondence to Seung-Jong Lee, DDS, MSD, PhD. Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea 120-752. TEL, +82-2-2228-3148; FAX, +82-2-313-7575; sjlee@yuhs.ac

• Received: July 15, 2010 • Revised: September 15, 2010 • Accepted: September 27, 2010

21 Views
0 Download

prev next

Full Article

Download PDF

Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the accuracy and consistency of two different apex locators at both the Apex and 0.5 marks.
Materials and Methods
Twenty-six root canals was scheduled for extraction for periodontal or prosthodontic reasons. Thirteen canals were measured using Root ZX and the rest by i-ROOT. The root canal length was measured both the at 0.5 mark and the Apex mark. The file was then fixed to the tooth, and the distance from the file tip to the major foramen of each canal was measured after removing the root dentin under the microscope so that the major foramen and the file tip were seen.
Results
1. When the Apex mark was used, 100% of both the Root ZX and i-ROOT groups were within 0.5 mm of the major foramen.
2. When 0.5 mark was used, 100% of the Root ZX group and 77% of the i-ROOT group were within 0.5 mm of the major foramen.
3. In terms of standard deviation and quartile value, the Apex mark was more consistent than 0.5 mark in the Root ZX group, and 0.5 mark was more consistent in the i-ROOT group, but there was no statistically significant difference when compared with t-test.
4. The root canal length difference between the Apex mark and 0.5 mark was 0.22 mm and 0.46 mm in the Root ZX and i-ROOT groups, respectively.
Conclusions
In this study, the Apex mark was the more consistent mark. Therefore, it is recommended to subtract 0.5 mm, which is the average length between the apex and apical constriction, from the root canal length at the Apex mark to obtain the working length clinically.
Keywords: Accuracy; Consistency; Electronic apex locator; Microscope

REFERENCES

1. Seltzer S, Soltanoff W, Sinai I, Goldenberg A, Bender IB. Biologic aspects of endodontics. 3. Periapical tissue reactions to root canal instrumentation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1968;26(5):694-705.PubMed
2. Seltzer S, Soltanoff W, Sinai I, Smith J. Biologic aspects of endodontics IV Periapical tissue reactions to root-filled teeth whose canals had been instrumented short of their apices. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1969;28(5):724-738.PubMed
3. Kuttler Y. Microscopic investigation of root apexes. J Am Dent Assoc. 1955;50(5):544-552.Article PubMed
4. Dummer PM, McGinn JH, Rees DG. The position and topography of the apical canal constriction and apical foramen. Int Endod J. 1984;17(4):192-198.Article PubMed
5. Lee SJ, Nam KC, Kim YJ, Kim DW. Clinical accuracy of a new apex locator with an automatic compensation circuit. J Endod. 2002;28(10):706-709.Article PubMed
6. Cluster L. Exact methods of locating the apical foramen. J Natl Dent Assoc. 1918;5: 815-819.
7. Suzuki K. Experimental study on iontophoresis. J Jpn Stomatol. 1942;16: 411-417.
8. Sunada I. New metod for measuring the length of the root canal. J Dent Res. 1962;41(2):375-387.Article PDF
9. Inoue N. An audiometric method for determining the length of the canals. J Can Dent Assoc. 1973;39(9):630-636.PubMed
10. Kim E, Lee S. Electronic apex locator. Dent Clin North Am. 2004;48(1):35-54.PubMed
11. Yamashita Y. A study of a new electric root canal measuring device using relative values of frequency response: influences of the diameter of apical foramen, the size of electrode, and the concentration of sodium hypochlorite. Jpn J Conserv Dent. 1990;33: 547-549.
12. Kobayashi C, Matoba K, Suda H, Sunada I. New practical model of the division method electronic root canal length measuring device. J Jpn Endodon Assoc. 1991;12: 143-148.
13. Kobayashi C, Suda H. New electronic canal measuring device based on the ratio method. J Endod. 1994;20(3):111-114.Article PubMed
14. Hwang GY, Roh BD, Kim ES, Lee SJ. In vitro evaluation of the consistency of two electronic apex locators. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2008;33(1):20-27.
15. Yoon BH, Kim ES, Jung IY, Lee SJ. vitro evaluation of the consistency of two electronic apex locators. 2009;Department of Dentistry, The graduate school, Yonsei University.
16. Fouad AF, Rivera EM, Krell KV. Accuracy of the Endex with variations in canal irrigants and foramen size. J Endod. 1993;19(2):63-67.PubMed
17. Wrbas KT, Ziegler AA, Altenburger MJ, Schirrmeister JF. In vivo comparison of working length determination with two electronic apex locators. Int Endod J. 2007;40(2):133-138.Article PubMed
18. Vieyra JP, Acosta J, Mondaca JM. Comparison of working length determination with radiographs and two electronic apex locators. Int Endod J. 2010;43(1):16-20.Article PubMed
19. Kim E, Marmo M, Lee C, Oh N, Kim I. An in vivo comparison of working length determination by only root-ZX apex locator versus combining root-ZX apex locator with radiographs using a new impression technique. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;105(4):e79-e83.PubMed
20. Dunlap CA, Remeikis NA, BeGole EA, Rauschenberger CR. An in vivo evaluation of an electronic apex locator that uses the ratio method in vital and necrotic canals. J Endod. 1998;24(1):48-50.Article PubMed
21. Pagavino G, Pace R, Baccetti T. A SEM study of in vivo accuracy of the Root ZX electronic apex locator. J Endod. 1998;24(6):438-441.Article PubMed
22. Venturi M, Breschi L. A comparison between two electronic apex locators: an ex vivo investigation. Int Endod J. 2007;40(5):362-373.Article PubMed
23. Goldberg F, Marroqun BB, Frajlich S, Dreyer C. In vitro evaluation of the ability of three apex locators to determine the working length during retreatment. J Endod. 2005;31(9):676-678.PubMed

Figure 1

Root ZX

Figure 2

i-ROOT

Figure 3

Length measurements with digital caliper.

Figure 4

Distance between file tip and major foramen under I-solution program (Microscope image).

Figure 5

Box plots: Quartile value of file tip and major foramen distance at 0.5 mark and the Apex mark.

Table 1

Distance between file tip and major foramen at 0.5 mark and the Apex mark (mm), according to measurement Microscopic image

Tables & Figures

REFERENCES

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

ePub Link

Cite

CITE: export Copy Download Format; Close

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

In vivo evaluation of accuracy and consistency of two electronic apex locators

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2010;35(6):453-460. Published online November 30, 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2010.35.6.453

XML Download

Figure

In vivo evaluation of accuracy and consistency of two electronic apex locators

Figure 1 Root ZX

Figure 2 i-ROOT

Figure 3 Length measurements with digital caliper.

Figure 4 Distance between file tip and major foramen under I-solution program (Microscope image).

Figure 5 Box plots: Quartile value of file tip and major foramen distance at 0.5 mark and the Apex mark.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

In vivo evaluation of accuracy and consistency of two electronic apex locators

Table 1

Distance between file tip and major foramen at 0.5 mark and the Apex mark (mm), according to measurement Microscopic image

Table 1 Distance between file tip and major foramen at 0.5 mark and the Apex mark (mm), according to measurement Microscopic image