A comparative study on radiopacity of root canal sealers

Tae-Min Kim; Seo-Kyoung Kim; In-Nam Hwang; Yun-Chan Hwang; Byung-Cheol Kang; Suk-Ja Yoon; Jae-Seo Lee; Won-Mann Oh

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.1.061

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Original Article A comparative study on radiopacity of root canal sealers: Tae-Min Kim¹, Seo-Kyoung Kim^2,4, In-Nam Hwang^2,4, Yun-Chan Hwang^2,4,5, Byung-Cheol Kang^3,4, Suk-Ja Yoon^3,4, Jae-Seo Lee^3,4, Won-Mann Oh^2,4,5; 2009;34(1):-68.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.1.061
Published online: January 31, 2009

¹School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Korea.

²Department of Conservative Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Korea.

³Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Chonnam National University, Korea.

⁴Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Korea.

⁵BK21, Chonnam National University, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Won-Mann Oh. Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea. Tel :82-62-530-5572, Fax :82-62-530-5629, wmoh@chonnam.ac.kr

• Received: October 16, 2008 • Revised: January 2, 2009 • Accepted: January 9, 2009

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

This study was performed to assess the radiopacity of a variety of root canal sealers according to the specification concerning root canal sealers.

Ten materials including Tubli-Seal™, Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer™, AH 26®, AH plus®, AH plus jet™, Ad sea l™, Sealapex™, NOGENOL™, ZOB seal™, Epiphany™ and dentin were evaluated in this study. In the first part, densitometric reading of an each step of aluminum step wedge on occlusal film was performed at different voltage and exposure time. In the second part, ten specimens were radiographed simultaneously with an aluminum step wedges on the occlusal films under decided condition. The mean radiographic den sity values of the materials were transformed into radiopacity expressed equivalent thickness of aluminum (mm Al).

The following results were obtained.

1. Among the various conditions, the appropriate voltage and exposure time that meet the requirement density was 60 kVp at 0.2 s

2. All of the materials had greater radiopacity than 3 mm Al requirement of ANSI/ADA specification No. 57 (2000) and ISO No. 6876 (2001) standards.

3. The radiopacity of materials increased as thickness of materials increased.

4. The mm Al value of each specimen at 1mm in thickness has a significant difference in the statistics.

It suggests that root canal sealers have a sufficient radiopacity that meet the requirement.
Keywords: Radiopacity; Aluminum step wedge; Root canal sealer; Optic density; Equivalent thickness Aluminum

Figure 1

A radiograph showing the radiopacities of each experimental material, dentin and its equivalence to those of the aluminum step wedge

Figure 2

Standard curve for the optical d ensity of the aluminum step wedge at 60 kVp, 0.2 s

Figure 3

Radiopacities expressed in mean equivalent aluminum thickness for experimental materials in comparison with dentin

Table 1

Mean values and standard deviations of the radiopacity values in the terms of equivalent thickness of aluminum for the experimental materials

REFERENCES

1. Weine FS. Endodontic therapy. 2004;6th. Mosby Company; 266-313.
2. Grossman LI, Oliet S, Del-Rio CE. Endodontic practice. 1988;11th. Lea & Febiger; 277-325.
3. Seltzer S, Bender IB, Smith J, Freedman I, Nazimov H. Endodontic faiures. An analysis based on clinical roentgenographic and histologic findings. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1967;23: 517-530.PubMed
4. Orlay HG. Overfilling in root canal treatment. Two accidents with N2. Br Dent J. 1966;120: 376-381.PubMed
5. Beyer-Olsen EM, Ørstavik D. Radiopacity of root canal sealers. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1981;51: 320-328.Article PubMed
6. Eliasson ST, Haasken B. Radiopacity of impression materials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1979;47: 485-491.Article PubMed
7. American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association. Specification No. 57:endodontic sealing materials. 1999;2nd draft (revision). Chicago: American Dental Association.
8. Dental Root Canal Sealing Materials. International Oragnization for Standardization 6876. 2001;Geneva, Switzerland.Article
9. Tanomaru-Filho M, Jorge EG, Tanomaru JM, Gonçalves M. Evaluation of the radiopacity of calcium hydroxide- and glass-ionomer-based root canal sealers. Int Endod J. 2008;41: 50-53.PubMed
10. ISO: IP 4049 Dental resin based restorative materials. International standards organization (draft proposal) Clause 6:10. 1985.
11. Abou-Tabl ZM, Tidy DC, Combe EC. Radiopacity of composite restorative materials. Br Dent J. 1979;147: 187-188.Article PubMed PDF
12. Bae KS, Eom JM. A Study on the Radiopacity of Root Canal Sealers. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 1993;18: 133-143.
13. Aoyagi Y, Takahashi H, Iwasaki N, Honda E, Kurabayash T. Radiopacity of experimental composite resins containing radiopaque materials. Dent Mater J. 2005;24: 315-320.Article PubMed
14. Ørstavik D. Materials used for root canal obturation : technical, biological and clinical testing. Endod Top. 2005;12: 25-38.Article
15. Kim CK, Ryu HW, Jang HS, Lee BD, Min KS, Hong CU. Evaluation of the radiopacity and cytotoxicity of resinous root canal sealers. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2007;32: 419-425.Article
16. Holland R, de Souza V. Ability of a new calcium hydroxide root canal filling material to induce hard tissue formation. J Endod. 1985;11: 535-543.Article PubMed
17. Tanomaru-Filho M, Jorge EG, Tanomaru JM, Goncalves M. Evaluation of the radiopacity of calcium hydroxide and glass-ionomer based root canal sealers. Int Endod J. 2007;41: 50-53.PubMed
18. Limkangwalmongkol S, Abbott PV, Sandler AB. Apical dye penetration with four root canal sealers and gutta-percha using longitudinal sectioning. J Endod. 1992;18: 535.Article PubMed
19. Jang YI, Choi HY. A Study on the Physical Properties of Root Canal Sealers. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 1995;20: 143-151.
20. Tanomaru-Filho M, Jorge EG, Tanomaru JM, Goncalves M. Radiopacity evaluation of new root canal filing materials by digitalization of images. J Endod. 2007;33: 249-251.PubMed
21. Russin TP, Zardiackas LD, Reader A, Menke RA. Apcial seals obtained with laterally condensed chloroform softened gutta-percha and laterally condensed gutta-percha and Grossmans sealer. J Endod. 1980;6: 678-682.PubMed
22. Katz A, Kaffe I, Littner M, Tagger M, Tamse A. Densitometric measurement of radiopacity of gutta-percha cones and root dentin. J Endod. 1990;16: 211-213.Article PubMed
23. Orfali S, Lilley JD, Molokhia A. The radiopacity of some endodontic sealer cements. J Dent Res. 1987;66: 876.
24. Bodrumlu E, Sumer AP, Gungor K. Radiopacity of a new root canal sealer, Epiphany. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104: e59-e61.Article
25. Taşdemir T, Yesilyurt C, Yildirim T, Er K. Evaluation of the radiopacity of new root canal paste/sealers by digital radiography. J Endod. 2008;34: 1388-1390.PubMed

Tables & Figures

Figure 1

A radiograph showing the radiopacities of each experimental material, dentin and its equivalence to those of the aluminum step wedge

Figure 2

Standard curve for the optical d ensity of the aluminum step wedge at 60 kVp, 0.2 s

Figure 3

Radiopacities expressed in mean equivalent aluminum thickness for experimental materials in comparison with dentin

Table 1

Mean values and standard deviations of the radiopacity values in the terms of equivalent thickness of aluminum for the experimental materials

REFERENCES

1. Weine FS. Endodontic therapy. 2004;6th. Mosby Company; 266-313.
2. Grossman LI, Oliet S, Del-Rio CE. Endodontic practice. 1988;11th. Lea & Febiger; 277-325.
3. Seltzer S, Bender IB, Smith J, Freedman I, Nazimov H. Endodontic faiures. An analysis based on clinical roentgenographic and histologic findings. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1967;23: 517-530.PubMed
4. Orlay HG. Overfilling in root canal treatment. Two accidents with N2. Br Dent J. 1966;120: 376-381.PubMed
5. Beyer-Olsen EM, Ørstavik D. Radiopacity of root canal sealers. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1981;51: 320-328.Article PubMed
6. Eliasson ST, Haasken B. Radiopacity of impression materials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1979;47: 485-491.Article PubMed
7. American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association. Specification No. 57:endodontic sealing materials. 1999;2nd draft (revision). Chicago: American Dental Association.
8. Dental Root Canal Sealing Materials. International Oragnization for Standardization 6876. 2001;Geneva, Switzerland.Article
9. Tanomaru-Filho M, Jorge EG, Tanomaru JM, Gonçalves M. Evaluation of the radiopacity of calcium hydroxide- and glass-ionomer-based root canal sealers. Int Endod J. 2008;41: 50-53.PubMed
10. ISO: IP 4049 Dental resin based restorative materials. International standards organization (draft proposal) Clause 6:10. 1985.
11. Abou-Tabl ZM, Tidy DC, Combe EC. Radiopacity of composite restorative materials. Br Dent J. 1979;147: 187-188.Article PubMed PDF
12. Bae KS, Eom JM. A Study on the Radiopacity of Root Canal Sealers. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 1993;18: 133-143.
13. Aoyagi Y, Takahashi H, Iwasaki N, Honda E, Kurabayash T. Radiopacity of experimental composite resins containing radiopaque materials. Dent Mater J. 2005;24: 315-320.Article PubMed
14. Ørstavik D. Materials used for root canal obturation : technical, biological and clinical testing. Endod Top. 2005;12: 25-38.Article
15. Kim CK, Ryu HW, Jang HS, Lee BD, Min KS, Hong CU. Evaluation of the radiopacity and cytotoxicity of resinous root canal sealers. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2007;32: 419-425.Article
16. Holland R, de Souza V. Ability of a new calcium hydroxide root canal filling material to induce hard tissue formation. J Endod. 1985;11: 535-543.Article PubMed
17. Tanomaru-Filho M, Jorge EG, Tanomaru JM, Goncalves M. Evaluation of the radiopacity of calcium hydroxide and glass-ionomer based root canal sealers. Int Endod J. 2007;41: 50-53.PubMed
18. Limkangwalmongkol S, Abbott PV, Sandler AB. Apical dye penetration with four root canal sealers and gutta-percha using longitudinal sectioning. J Endod. 1992;18: 535.Article PubMed
19. Jang YI, Choi HY. A Study on the Physical Properties of Root Canal Sealers. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 1995;20: 143-151.
20. Tanomaru-Filho M, Jorge EG, Tanomaru JM, Goncalves M. Radiopacity evaluation of new root canal filing materials by digitalization of images. J Endod. 2007;33: 249-251.PubMed
21. Russin TP, Zardiackas LD, Reader A, Menke RA. Apcial seals obtained with laterally condensed chloroform softened gutta-percha and laterally condensed gutta-percha and Grossmans sealer. J Endod. 1980;6: 678-682.PubMed
22. Katz A, Kaffe I, Littner M, Tagger M, Tamse A. Densitometric measurement of radiopacity of gutta-percha cones and root dentin. J Endod. 1990;16: 211-213.Article PubMed
23. Orfali S, Lilley JD, Molokhia A. The radiopacity of some endodontic sealer cements. J Dent Res. 1987;66: 876.
24. Bodrumlu E, Sumer AP, Gungor K. Radiopacity of a new root canal sealer, Epiphany. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104: e59-e61.Article
25. Taşdemir T, Yesilyurt C, Yildirim T, Er K. Evaluation of the radiopacity of new root canal paste/sealers by digital radiography. J Endod. 2008;34: 1388-1390.PubMed

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Evaluation of radiopacity and discriminability of various fiber reinforced composite posts
Eun-Hye Lee, Hang-Moon Choi, Se-Hee Park, Jin-Woo Kim, Kyung-Mo Cho
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.2010; 35(3): 188. CrossRef

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A comparative study on radiopacity of root canal sealers

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2009;34(1):61-68. Published online January 31, 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.1.061

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Figure

A comparative study on radiopacity of root canal sealers

Figure 1 A radiograph showing the radiopacities of each experimental material, dentin and its equivalence to those of the aluminum step wedge

Figure 2 Standard curve for the optical d ensity of the aluminum step wedge at 60 kVp, 0.2 s

Figure 3 Radiopacities expressed in mean equivalent aluminum thickness for experimental materials in comparison with dentin

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

A comparative study on radiopacity of root canal sealers

Table 1

Mean values and standard deviations of the radiopacity values in the terms of equivalent thickness of aluminum for the experimental materials

Table 1 Mean values and standard deviations of the radiopacity values in the terms of equivalent thickness of aluminum for the experimental materials