THE EFFECT OF PRIMING ETCHED DENTIN WITH SOLVENT ON THE MICROTENSILE BOND STRENGTH OF HYDROPHOBIC DENTIN ADHESIVE

Eun-Sook Park; Ji-Hyun Bae; Jong-Soon Kim; Jae-Hoon Kim; In-Bog Lee; Chang-Keun Kim; Ho-Hyun Son; Byeong-Hoon Cho

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.1.42

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Original Article THE EFFECT OF PRIMING ETCHED DENTIN WITH SOLVENT ON THE MICROTENSILE BOND STRENGTH OF HYDROPHOBIC DENTIN ADHESIVE: Eun-Sook Park¹, Ji-Hyun Bae², Jong-Soon Kim¹, Jae-Hoon Kim¹, In-Bog Lee^1,3, Chang-Keun Kim⁴, Ho-Hyun Son^1,3, Byeong-Hoon Cho^1,3,*; Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2009;34(1):42-50.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.1.42
Published online: January 14, 2009

¹Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University

²Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital

³Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University

⁴Department of Chemical Engineering, Choongang University

*Corresponding Author: Byeong-Hoon Cho, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University. 28-2 Yeongun-dong, Chongro-gu, Seoul, Korea 110-749, TEL +82-2-2072-3514 FAX +82-2-764-3514, E-mail: chobh@snu.ac.kr

• Received: November 18, 2008 • Revised: December 22, 2008 • Accepted: December 31, 2008

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Deterioration of long-term dentin adhesion durability is thought to occur by hydrolytic degradation within hydrophilic domains of the adhesive and hybrid layers. This study investigated the hypothesis that priming the collagen network with an organic solvent displace water without collapse and thereby obtain good bond strength with an adhesive made of hydrophobic monomers and organic solvents. Three experimental adhesives were prepared by dissolving two hydrophobic monomers, bisphenol-A-glycidylmethacrylate (Bis-GMA) and triethylenegly-col dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), into acetone, ethanol or methanol. After an etching and rinsing procedure, the adhesives were applied onto either wet dentin surfaces (wet bonding) or dentin surfaces primed with the same solvent (solvent-primed bonding). Microtensile bond strength (MTBS) was measured at 48 hrs, 1 month and after 10,000 times of thermocycles. The bonded interfaces were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Regardless of bonding protocols, well-developed hybrid layers were observed at the bonded interface in most specimens. The highest mean MTBS was observed in the adhesive containing ethanol at 48 hrs. With solvent-primed bonding, increased MTBS tendencies were seen with thermocycling in the adhesives containing ethanol or methanol. However, in the case of wet bonding, no increase in MTBS was observed with aging.
Keywords: Dentin adhesive; Durability; Solvent priming; Hydrophobic monomer; Microtensile bond strength

Figure 1.

Microtensile bond strength (MPa) of three experimental adhesives according to the bonding protocols and measuring times.

Figure 2.

Scanning electron microscopic images of the bonded interfaces. a & b, the adhesive containing acetone was applied on acetone-primed dentin after etching and rinsing procedure; c & d, the adhesive containing acetone was applied with wet bonding protocol; e & f, the adhesive containing ethanol was applied on ethanol-primed dentin after etching and rinsing procedure; g & h, the adhesive containing ethanol was applied with wet bonding protocol; i & j, the adhesive containing methanol was applied on methanol-primed dentin after etching and rinsing procedure; k & l, the adhesive containing methanol was applied with wet bonding protocol. Left column, the micrographs taken directly from the specimens; Right column, those taken from the replica of the specimens.

Figure 3.

Fractured surfaces of the bonded specimens. a, dentin side of fractured specimen bonded with adhesive containing methanol using wet bonding. Most failures occurred between the hybrid layer and the adhesive layer. b, dentin side of fractured specimen bonded with adhesive containing ethanol using solvent-primed bonding. In this group, most of the specimens showed mixed fracture.

Figure 4.

Scanning electron microscopic images of the bonded interfaces after thermocycling. a, the adhesive containing acetone was applied with wet bonding protocol; b, the adhesive containing methanol was applied with wet bonding; c, the adhesive containing methanol was applied on methanol-primed dentin after etching and rinsing procedure. With wet bonding protocol, the interfacial gaps were still observed at the same interface as the specimens observed at 48 hrs. However, with solvent-primed bonding protocol, well-developed hybrid layers and a number of long resin tags were observed without apparent interfacial gap.

Table 1.

Materials used for the preparation of the experimental resin adhesives

Compound	Acronym	Supplier	Batch No.
Bisphenol-A-glycidyl dimethacrylate	Bis-GMA	Shin-Nakamura chemical Co., Inc.	13431EA
Triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate	TEGDMA	Shin-Nakamura chemical Co., Inc.	09004BC
Camphoroquinone	CQ	Aldrich chemical Co., Inc.	00703MN
Ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate	4E	Aldrich chemical Co., Inc.	11920PA

^*Other ingredients, such as inhibitor or stabilizer were not included in the experimental resin adhesives.

Table 2.

Microtensile bond strengths of experimental adhesives with different bonding protocols and measuring times (MTBS, unit: MPa)

Adhesives	Bonding protocol	Measuring time
Adhesives	Bonding protocol	48 hours	1 month	Thermocycling
Ac-containing	Solvent primed bonding	14 ± 4.9(13) *	17.4 ± 8.7(17)	18.1 ± 8.3(15)
	Wet bonding	9.7 ± 4.3(19)	8.8 ± 3.5(9)	12 ± 5.8(8)
Et-containing	Solvent primed bonding	38.9 ± 13(21)	40.4 ± 16.2(17)	50.3 ± 10.2(14)
	Wet bonding	33.1 ± 9.2(15)	27.6 ± 12.3(14)	27.6 ± 11.7(14)
Me-containing	Solvent primed bonding	15.2 ± 6.8(23)	19.1 ± 8.7(12)	60.7 ± 10.6(10)
	Wet bonding	12.8 ± 9.4(19)	22.6 ± 9.7(14)	21.6 ± 4.2(9)

Ac: acetone, Et: ethanol, Me: methanol

^*The numbers in parenthesis are the sample number.

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THE EFFECT OF PRIMING ETCHED DENTIN WITH SOLVENT ON THE MICROTENSILE BOND STRENGTH OF HYDROPHOBIC DENTIN ADHESIVE

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2009;34(1):42-50. Published online January 14, 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.1.42

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Figure

THE EFFECT OF PRIMING ETCHED DENTIN WITH SOLVENT ON THE MICROTENSILE BOND STRENGTH OF HYDROPHOBIC DENTIN ADHESIVE

Figure 1. Microtensile bond strength (MPa) of three experimental adhesives according to the bonding protocols and measuring times.

Figure 2. Scanning electron microscopic images of the bonded interfaces. a & b, the adhesive containing acetone was applied on acetone-primed dentin after etching and rinsing procedure; c & d, the adhesive containing acetone was applied with wet bonding protocol; e & f, the adhesive containing ethanol was applied on ethanol-primed dentin after etching and rinsing procedure; g & h, the adhesive containing ethanol was applied with wet bonding protocol; i & j, the adhesive containing methanol was applied on methanol-primed dentin after etching and rinsing procedure; k & l, the adhesive containing methanol was applied with wet bonding protocol. Left column, the micrographs taken directly from the specimens; Right column, those taken from the replica of the specimens.

Figure 3. Fractured surfaces of the bonded specimens. a, dentin side of fractured specimen bonded with adhesive containing methanol using wet bonding. Most failures occurred between the hybrid layer and the adhesive layer. b, dentin side of fractured specimen bonded with adhesive containing ethanol using solvent-primed bonding. In this group, most of the specimens showed mixed fracture.

Figure 4. Scanning electron microscopic images of the bonded interfaces after thermocycling. a, the adhesive containing acetone was applied with wet bonding protocol; b, the adhesive containing methanol was applied with wet bonding; c, the adhesive containing methanol was applied on methanol-primed dentin after etching and rinsing procedure. With wet bonding protocol, the interfacial gaps were still observed at the same interface as the specimens observed at 48 hrs. However, with solvent-primed bonding protocol, well-developed hybrid layers and a number of long resin tags were observed without apparent interfacial gap.

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

THE EFFECT OF PRIMING ETCHED DENTIN WITH SOLVENT ON THE MICROTENSILE BOND STRENGTH OF HYDROPHOBIC DENTIN ADHESIVE

Compound	Acronym	Supplier	Batch No.
Bisphenol-A-glycidyl dimethacrylate	Bis-GMA	Shin-Nakamura chemical Co., Inc.	13431EA
Triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate	TEGDMA	Shin-Nakamura chemical Co., Inc.	09004BC
Camphoroquinone	CQ	Aldrich chemical Co., Inc.	00703MN
Ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate	4E	Aldrich chemical Co., Inc.	11920PA

Adhesives	Bonding protocol	Measuring time
Adhesives	Bonding protocol	48 hours	1 month	Thermocycling
Ac-containing	Solvent primed bonding	14 ± 4.9(13) *	17.4 ± 8.7(17)	18.1 ± 8.3(15)
	Wet bonding	9.7 ± 4.3(19)	8.8 ± 3.5(9)	12 ± 5.8(8)
Et-containing	Solvent primed bonding	38.9 ± 13(21)	40.4 ± 16.2(17)	50.3 ± 10.2(14)
	Wet bonding	33.1 ± 9.2(15)	27.6 ± 12.3(14)	27.6 ± 11.7(14)
Me-containing	Solvent primed bonding	15.2 ± 6.8(23)	19.1 ± 8.7(12)	60.7 ± 10.6(10)
	Wet bonding	12.8 ± 9.4(19)	22.6 ± 9.7(14)	21.6 ± 4.2(9)

Table 1. Materials used for the preparation of the experimental resin adhesives

Other ingredients, such as inhibitor or stabilizer were not included in the experimental resin adhesives.

Table 2. Microtensile bond strengths of experimental adhesives with different bonding protocols and measuring times (MTBS, unit: MPa)

Ac: acetone, Et: ethanol, Me: methanol

The numbers in parenthesis are the sample number.