The comparison of relative reliability on biaxial and three point flexural strength testing methods of light curing composite resin

Deog-Gyu Seo; Byoung-Duck Roh

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.1.058

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Original Article The comparison of relative reliability on biaxial and three point flexural strength testing methods of light curing composite resin: Deog-Gyu Seo, Byoung-Duck Roh; 2006;31(1):-65.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.1.058
Published online: January 31, 2006

Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Byoung-Duck Roh. Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2228-3146, Fax: 82-2-313-7575, operatys16@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr

• Received: August 9, 2005 • Revised: October 30, 2005 • Accepted: December 28, 2005

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

The possibility of applying a bi-axial flexure strength test on composite resin was examined using three point and bi-axial flexure strength tests to measure the strength of the light-cured resin and to compare the relative reliability using the Weibull modulus.

The materials used in this study were light-curing restorative materials, MICRONEW™, RENEW® (Bisco, Schaumburg, USA). The bi-axial flexure strength measurements used the piston-on-3-ball test according to the regulations of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 6872 and were divided into 6 groups, where the radius of the specimens were 12 mm (radius connecting the 3-balls: 3.75 mm), 16 mm (radius connecting the 3-balls: 5 mm), and the thickness were 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm for each radius.

The bi-axial flexure strength of the MICRONEW™ and RENEW® were higher than the three point flexure strength and the Weibull modulus value were also higher in all of the bi-axial flexure strength groups, indicating that the bi-axial strength test is relatively less affected by experimental error.

In addition, the 2 mm thick specimens had the highest Weibull modulus values in the bi-axial flexure strength test, and the MICRONEW™ group showed no significant statistical difference (p > 0.05). Besides the 2 mm MICRONEW™ group, each group showed significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) according to the thickness of the specimen and the radius connecting the 3-balls.

The results indicate that for the 2 mm group, the bi-axial flexure strength test is a more reliable testing method than the three point flexure strength test.
Keywords: Biaxial flexure strength; Three point flexure strength; Weibull modulus; Composite resin

Figure 1

Schematic illustration of three point flexure test.

Figure 2

Schematic illustration of piston-on-three-ball bi-axial flexure test.

Figure 3

Weibull modulus graph according to specimen thickness on 3.75 mm supporting ball radius (MICRONEW™, Bisco, Schaumburg, U.S.A.).

Figure 4

Weibull modulus graph according to specimen thickness on 5 mm supporting ball radius (MICRONEW™, Bisco, Schaumburg, U.S.A.).

Figure 5

Weibull modulus graph according to specimen thickness on 3.75 mm supporting ball radius (RENEW®, Bisco, Schaumburg, U.S.A.).

Figure 6

Weibull modulus graph according to specimen thickness on 5 mm supporting ball radius (RENEW®, Bisco, Schaumburg, U.S.A.).

Table 1

Light cured composite resin used in this study

Table 2

Mean flexure strength and Weibull modulus of three point flexure test and biaxial flexure test

If the alphabet is different, significant difference at α= 0.05 (between the thickness on the same diameter).

^*indicates significant difference at α= 0.05 (between the diameter on the same thickness).

Table 3

Mean flexure strength and Weibull modulus of three point flexure test and biaxial flexure test

If the alphabet is different, significant difference at α= 0.05 (between the thickness on the same diameter).

^*indicates significant difference at α= 0.05 (between the diameter on the same thickness).

REFERENCES

1. Anusavice KJ, Hojjatie B. Stress distribution in metal ceramic crowns with a facial porcelain margin. J Dent Res. 1987;66: 1493-1498.Article PubMed PDF
2. Zidan O, Asmussen E, et al. Tensile strength of restorative resins. Scand J Dent Res. 1980;88: 285-289.Article PubMed
3. Bryant RW, Mahler DB. Modulus of elasticity in bending of composites and amalgams. J Prosthet Dent. 1986;56: 243-248.Article PubMed
4. Radford KC, Lange FF. Loading factors for the biaxial flexure test. J Am Ceram Soc. 1978;61(5-6):211-213.
5. Han BS. Al2O3 selamigseu-ui yeolchunggyeog pagoe geodonggwa yeol-eunglyeog haeseog. 1997;Yeonsei Univ. Graduate School; doctorate thesis.
6. Mckinney KR, Herbert CM. Effect of surface finish on structual ceramic failure. J Am Ceram Soc. 1970;53: 513-516.
7. Kirstein AF, Woolley RM. Symmetrical bending of thin circular elastic plates of equally spaced point supports. J Res Nall Burstds. 1967;71(C):1-10.
8. Kao R, Perrone N, Capps W. Large-deflection solution of the coaxial-ring-circular-glass-plate flexure problem. J Am Ceram Soc. 1971;54: 566-571.Article
9. Shetty DK, Roesinfield AR, Duckworth WH, Held PR. A Biaxial-flexure test for evaluating ceramic strength. J Am Ceram Soc. 1983;66: 36-42.
10. Marshall DB. An improved biaxial flexure test of ceramics. Am Ceram Soc Bull. 1980;59: 551-553.
11. Lamon J. Statistical approaches to failure for ceramic reliability assessment. J Am Ceram Soc. 1988;71: 106-112.Article
12. Wilshaw TR. Measurement of tensile strength of ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc. 1968;51: 111-117.Article
13. Park SE. Biaxial fracture behavior and simulation for prediction of fatigue lifetime in alumina by ball-on-3ball test. 2000;Yeonsei Univ. Graduate School; doctorate thesis.
14. Shetty DK, Roesinfield AR, Macguire P, Bansal GK, Duckworth WH. Biaxial flexure tests for ceramics. Am Ceram Soc Bull. 1980;59(12):1193-1197.
15. Shetty DK, Roesinfield AR, Bansal GK, Duckworth WH. Biaxial fracture stuies of a glass-ceramic. J Am Ceram Soc. 1981;64(1):1-4.
16. Williams RM, Swank LR. Use of Weibull statics to correlate MOR, Ball-on-ring, and rotational fast fracture tests. J Am Ceram Soc. 1983;66(11):756-768.
17. Ham-Su R, Wilkinson DS. Strength of tape cast and laminated ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc. 1995;78(6):1580-1584.Article
18. Chiang MYM, Tesk JA. Differences: Hertz vs finite element calculation for diametral tensile strength. J Dent Res. 1989;68: 341-348.
19. Ban S, Anusavice KJ. Influence of test method on failure stress of brittle dental materials. J Dent Res. 1990;69(12):1791-1799.Article PubMed PDF

Tables & Figures

Figure 1

Schematic illustration of three point flexure test.

Figure 2

Schematic illustration of piston-on-three-ball bi-axial flexure test.

Figure 3

Weibull modulus graph according to specimen thickness on 3.75 mm supporting ball radius (MICRONEW™, Bisco, Schaumburg, U.S.A.).

Figure 4

Weibull modulus graph according to specimen thickness on 5 mm supporting ball radius (MICRONEW™, Bisco, Schaumburg, U.S.A.).

Figure 5

Weibull modulus graph according to specimen thickness on 3.75 mm supporting ball radius (RENEW®, Bisco, Schaumburg, U.S.A.).

Figure 6

Weibull modulus graph according to specimen thickness on 5 mm supporting ball radius (RENEW®, Bisco, Schaumburg, U.S.A.).

Table 1

Light cured composite resin used in this study

Table 2

Mean flexure strength and Weibull modulus of three point flexure test and biaxial flexure test

If the alphabet is different, significant difference at α= 0.05 (between the thickness on the same diameter).

^*indicates significant difference at α= 0.05 (between the diameter on the same thickness).

Table 3

Mean flexure strength and Weibull modulus of three point flexure test and biaxial flexure test

If the alphabet is different, significant difference at α= 0.05 (between the thickness on the same diameter).

^*indicates significant difference at α= 0.05 (between the diameter on the same thickness).

REFERENCES

1. Anusavice KJ, Hojjatie B. Stress distribution in metal ceramic crowns with a facial porcelain margin. J Dent Res. 1987;66: 1493-1498.Article PubMed PDF
2. Zidan O, Asmussen E, et al. Tensile strength of restorative resins. Scand J Dent Res. 1980;88: 285-289.Article PubMed
3. Bryant RW, Mahler DB. Modulus of elasticity in bending of composites and amalgams. J Prosthet Dent. 1986;56: 243-248.Article PubMed
4. Radford KC, Lange FF. Loading factors for the biaxial flexure test. J Am Ceram Soc. 1978;61(5-6):211-213.
5. Han BS. Al2O3 selamigseu-ui yeolchunggyeog pagoe geodonggwa yeol-eunglyeog haeseog. 1997;Yeonsei Univ. Graduate School; doctorate thesis.
6. Mckinney KR, Herbert CM. Effect of surface finish on structual ceramic failure. J Am Ceram Soc. 1970;53: 513-516.
7. Kirstein AF, Woolley RM. Symmetrical bending of thin circular elastic plates of equally spaced point supports. J Res Nall Burstds. 1967;71(C):1-10.
8. Kao R, Perrone N, Capps W. Large-deflection solution of the coaxial-ring-circular-glass-plate flexure problem. J Am Ceram Soc. 1971;54: 566-571.Article
9. Shetty DK, Roesinfield AR, Duckworth WH, Held PR. A Biaxial-flexure test for evaluating ceramic strength. J Am Ceram Soc. 1983;66: 36-42.
10. Marshall DB. An improved biaxial flexure test of ceramics. Am Ceram Soc Bull. 1980;59: 551-553.
11. Lamon J. Statistical approaches to failure for ceramic reliability assessment. J Am Ceram Soc. 1988;71: 106-112.Article
12. Wilshaw TR. Measurement of tensile strength of ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc. 1968;51: 111-117.Article
13. Park SE. Biaxial fracture behavior and simulation for prediction of fatigue lifetime in alumina by ball-on-3ball test. 2000;Yeonsei Univ. Graduate School; doctorate thesis.
14. Shetty DK, Roesinfield AR, Macguire P, Bansal GK, Duckworth WH. Biaxial flexure tests for ceramics. Am Ceram Soc Bull. 1980;59(12):1193-1197.
15. Shetty DK, Roesinfield AR, Bansal GK, Duckworth WH. Biaxial fracture stuies of a glass-ceramic. J Am Ceram Soc. 1981;64(1):1-4.
16. Williams RM, Swank LR. Use of Weibull statics to correlate MOR, Ball-on-ring, and rotational fast fracture tests. J Am Ceram Soc. 1983;66(11):756-768.
17. Ham-Su R, Wilkinson DS. Strength of tape cast and laminated ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc. 1995;78(6):1580-1584.Article
18. Chiang MYM, Tesk JA. Differences: Hertz vs finite element calculation for diametral tensile strength. J Dent Res. 1989;68: 341-348.
19. Ban S, Anusavice KJ. Influence of test method on failure stress of brittle dental materials. J Dent Res. 1990;69(12):1791-1799.Article PubMed PDF

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The comparison of relative reliability on biaxial and three point flexural strength testing methods of light curing composite resin

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2006;31(1):58-65. Published online January 31, 2006

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.1.058

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Figure

The comparison of relative reliability on biaxial and three point flexural strength testing methods of light curing composite resin

Figure 1 Schematic illustration of three point flexure test.

Figure 2 Schematic illustration of piston-on-three-ball bi-axial flexure test.

Figure 3 Weibull modulus graph according to specimen thickness on 3.75 mm supporting ball radius (MICRONEW™, Bisco, Schaumburg, U.S.A.).

Figure 4 Weibull modulus graph according to specimen thickness on 5 mm supporting ball radius (MICRONEW™, Bisco, Schaumburg, U.S.A.).

Figure 5 Weibull modulus graph according to specimen thickness on 3.75 mm supporting ball radius (RENEW®, Bisco, Schaumburg, U.S.A.).

Figure 6 Weibull modulus graph according to specimen thickness on 5 mm supporting ball radius (RENEW®, Bisco, Schaumburg, U.S.A.).

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

The comparison of relative reliability on biaxial and three point flexural strength testing methods of light curing composite resin

Table 1

Light cured composite resin used in this study

Table 2

Mean flexure strength and Weibull modulus of three point flexure test and biaxial flexure test

If the alphabet is different, significant difference at α= 0.05 (between the thickness on the same diameter).

^*indicates significant difference at α= 0.05 (between the diameter on the same thickness).

Table 3

Mean flexure strength and Weibull modulus of three point flexure test and biaxial flexure test

If the alphabet is different, significant difference at α= 0.05 (between the thickness on the same diameter).

^*indicates significant difference at α= 0.05 (between the diameter on the same thickness).

Table 1 Light cured composite resin used in this study

Table 2 Mean flexure strength and Weibull modulus of three point flexure test and biaxial flexure test

If the alphabet is different, significant difference at α= 0.05 (between the thickness on the same diameter).

^*indicates significant difference at α= 0.05 (between the diameter on the same thickness).

Table 3 Mean flexure strength and Weibull modulus of three point flexure test and biaxial flexure test

If the alphabet is different, significant difference at α= 0.05 (between the thickness on the same diameter).

^*indicates significant difference at α= 0.05 (between the diameter on the same thickness).