Effects of occlusal load on the stress distribution of four cavity configurations of noncarious cervical lesions: A three-dimensional finite element analysis study

Sang-Je Jeon; Jeong-Kil Park; Hyeon-Cheol Kim; Sung-Gwan Woo; Kwang-Hoon Kim; Kwon Son; Bock Hur

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.5.359

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Original Article Effects of occlusal load on the stress distribution of four cavity configurations of noncarious cervical lesions: A three-dimensional finite element analysis study: Sang-Je Jeon¹, Jeong-Kil Park¹, Hyeon-Cheol Kim¹, Sung-Gwan Woo², Kwang-Hoon Kim², Kwon Son², Bock Hur^1,*; Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2006;31(5):359-370.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.5.359
Published online: January 14, 2006

¹Department of Conservative dentistry, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University

²Department of Mechanical design engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University

*Corresponding Author: Bock Hur, Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 1-10, Ami-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-739, Korea, Tel: 82-51-240-7455, E-mail: bhur@pusan.ac.kr

• Received: July 4, 2006 • Revised: July 28, 2006 • Accepted: September 4, 2006

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of excessive occlusal loading on stress distribution on four type of cervical lesion, using a three dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA).

The extracted maxillary second premolar was scanned serially with Micro-CT. The 3D images were processed by 3D-DOCTOR. ANSYS was used to mesh and analyze 3D FE model. Four different lesion configurations representative of the various types observed clinically for teeth were studied. A static point load of 500N was applied to the buccal and lingual cusp (Load A and B). The principal stresses in lesion apex, and vertical sectioned margin of cervical wall were analyzed.
The results were as follows
1. The patterns of stress distribution were similar but the magnitude was different in four types of lesion.
2. The peak stress was observed at mesial corner and also stresses concentrated at lesion apex.
3. The compressive stress under load A and the tensile stress under load B were dominant stress.
4. Under the load, lesion can be increased and harmful to tooth structure unless restored.
Keywords: Cervical lesion; Finite element analysis; Occlusal load; Stress distribution; Compressive stress; Tensile stress

Figure 1.

Four types of lesion configurations.

Figure 2.

Design of loading conditions.

Figure 3.

The Principal stress distribution of four cavities under Load A and B(Upper 2 rows: maximal and minimal principal stress under load A, Lower 2 rows; maximal and minimal principal stress under load B. From left line, notch-shape showed, followed by saucer, combined, U-shape lesion)

Figure 4.

Principal stresses of lesion apex of 4 shape lesion.

(M1, M2, M3, M4: nodes near mesial point angle, D1, D2, D3, D4: nodes near distal point angle. If the value of one principal stress of an element was positive, the element was determined to be in the tensile condition, if it was negative, the element was determined to be in the compressive condition).

Figure 5.

Vertical distribution of principal stresses at cavity wall in 4 shape lesion. (If the value of one principal stress of an element was positive, the element was determined to be in the tensile condition, if it was negative, the element was determined to be in the compressive condition).

Table 1.

Numbers of nodes and elements for each cavity

Model	Notch	Saucer	Combined	U
Node	18245	18236	18434	18709
Element	16668	16668	16780	17056

Table 2.

Mechanical properties of the tooth used in the study

Materials	Mechanical properties Young's modulus (MPa)	Poisson's ratio (υ)
Enamel	84000 ^a	0.33 ^a
Dentin	18000 ^a	0.31 ^a
Periodontal ligament	0.667 ^b	0.49 ^b
Cancellous bone	13700 ^b	0.38 ^b
Cortical bone	34000 ^b	0.26 ^b

^a: Katona et al. ²⁰⁾, ^b: Geramy et al.²¹⁾

Table 3.

Mechanical properties of teeth (MPa)*

Compressive strength of enamel	277 – 384
Compressive strength of dentin	249 – 347
Tensile strength of enamel	10 – 24
Tensile strength of dentin	32 – 103
Tensile strength of DEJ	52

^*: Litonjua et al.¹⁵⁾

Table 4.

Peak stresses of lesion apex of four cavities

		Load A				Load B
		1st Peak		2nd Peak		1st Peak		2nd Peak
		MPa	Node	MPa	Node	MPa	Node	MPa	Node
Notch	Max	12.4	6	10.9	20	193*	1	104.3*	5
Notch	Min	-558*	1	-279*	13	40.2	6	NS	NS
Saucer	Max	14.6	1	8.8	16	123.0*	1	55.8*	13
Saucer	Min	-330.0*	1	-203.3	13	NS	NS	NS	NS
Combined	Max	10.0	M1	18.3	D3	195.5*	1	108.3*	6
Combined	Min	-606.7*	1	-320.7*	7	NS	NS	NS	NS
U	Max	17.8	D3	13.9	M1	147.9*	1	71.1*	7
U	Min	-500.9*	1	-268.7*	13	NS	NS	NS	NS

^*: Excessive stresses over the failure range.

NS: Not significant

Table 5.

Peak stresses values of inner cavity wall vertically

		Load A				Load B
		1st Peak		2nd Peak		1st Peak		2nd Peak
		MPa	Node	MPa	Node	MPa	Node	MPa	Node
Notch	Max	33.7*	4	25.5	17	104.3*	13	NS	NS
Notch	Min	-280.4*	13	-58.8	18	40.2	13	NS	NS
Saucer	Max	30.8	3	15.2	17	61.9*	13	53.0*	16
Saucer	Min	-157.1	10	-98.1	16	7.8	9	4.4	13
Combined	Max	36.8	17	14.7	6	108.3*	9	42.0*	19
Combined	Min	-317.7*	1	-44.2	19	41.1	9	NS	NS
U	Max	36.01	19	11.3	6	100.7*	15	76.6*	9
U	Min	-240.5	10	-207.3	15	22.7	9	2.7	15

^*: Excessive stresses over the failure range.

NS: Not significant

REFERENCES

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6. Grippo JO, Schreiner S. Attrition, abrasion, corrosion and abfraction revisited-A new perspective on tooth surface lesion. J Am Dent Assoc 135(8):1109-1117. 2004.PubMed
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11. Leinfelder KF. Restoration of abfracted lesions. Compend Contin Educ Dent 15(4):1396-1400. 1994.
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Effects of occlusal load on the stress distribution of four cavity configurations of noncarious cervical lesions: A three-dimensional finite element analysis study

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2006;31(5):359-370. Published online January 14, 2006

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.5.359

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Figure

Effects of occlusal load on the stress distribution of four cavity configurations of noncarious cervical lesions: A three-dimensional finite element analysis study

Figure 1. Four types of lesion configurations.

Figure 2. Design of loading conditions.

Figure 3. The Principal stress distribution of four cavities under Load A and B(Upper 2 rows: maximal and minimal principal stress under load A, Lower 2 rows; maximal and minimal principal stress under load B. From left line, notch-shape showed, followed by saucer, combined, U-shape lesion)

Figure 4. Principal stresses of lesion apex of 4 shape lesion.

Figure 5. Vertical distribution of principal stresses at cavity wall in 4 shape lesion. (If the value of one principal stress of an element was positive, the element was determined to be in the tensile condition, if it was negative, the element was determined to be in the compressive condition).

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Effects of occlusal load on the stress distribution of four cavity configurations of noncarious cervical lesions: A three-dimensional finite element analysis study

Model	Notch	Saucer	Combined	U
Node	18245	18236	18434	18709
Element	16668	16668	16780	17056

Materials	Mechanical properties Young's modulus (MPa)	Poisson's ratio (υ)
Enamel	84000 ^a	0.33 ^a
Dentin	18000 ^a	0.31 ^a
Periodontal ligament	0.667 ^b	0.49 ^b
Cancellous bone	13700 ^b	0.38 ^b
Cortical bone	34000 ^b	0.26 ^b

Compressive strength of enamel	277 – 384
Compressive strength of dentin	249 – 347
Tensile strength of enamel	10 – 24
Tensile strength of dentin	32 – 103
Tensile strength of DEJ	52

		Load A				Load B
		1st Peak		2nd Peak		1st Peak		2nd Peak
		MPa	Node	MPa	Node	MPa	Node	MPa	Node
Notch	Max	12.4	6	10.9	20	193*	1	104.3*	5
Notch	Min	-558*	1	-279*	13	40.2	6	NS	NS
Saucer	Max	14.6	1	8.8	16	123.0*	1	55.8*	13
Saucer	Min	-330.0*	1	-203.3	13	NS	NS	NS	NS
Combined	Max	10.0	M1	18.3	D3	195.5*	1	108.3*	6
Combined	Min	-606.7*	1	-320.7*	7	NS	NS	NS	NS
U	Max	17.8	D3	13.9	M1	147.9*	1	71.1*	7
U	Min	-500.9*	1	-268.7*	13	NS	NS	NS	NS

		Load A				Load B
		1st Peak		2nd Peak		1st Peak		2nd Peak
		MPa	Node	MPa	Node	MPa	Node	MPa	Node
Notch	Max	33.7*	4	25.5	17	104.3*	13	NS	NS
Notch	Min	-280.4*	13	-58.8	18	40.2	13	NS	NS
Saucer	Max	30.8	3	15.2	17	61.9*	13	53.0*	16
Saucer	Min	-157.1	10	-98.1	16	7.8	9	4.4	13
Combined	Max	36.8	17	14.7	6	108.3*	9	42.0*	19
Combined	Min	-317.7*	1	-44.2	19	41.1	9	NS	NS
U	Max	36.01	19	11.3	6	100.7*	15	76.6*	9
U	Min	-240.5	10	-207.3	15	22.7	9	2.7	15

Table 1. Numbers of nodes and elements for each cavity

Table 2. Mechanical properties of the tooth used in the study

^a: Katona et al. ²⁰⁾, ^b: Geramy et al.²¹⁾

Table 3. Mechanical properties of teeth (MPa)*

: Litonjua et al.¹⁵⁾

Table 4. Peak stresses of lesion apex of four cavities

: Excessive stresses over the failure range.

NS: Not significant

Table 5. Peak stresses values of inner cavity wall vertically

: Excessive stresses over the failure range.

NS: Not significant