The effect of ethylene glycol analogs on mechanical properties of moist demineralized dentin matrix

Kyung-Ha Lee; Young-Gon Cho; Kwang-Won Lee

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.4.290

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Original Article The effect of ethylene glycol analogs on mechanical properties of moist demineralized dentin matrix: Kyung-Ha Lee, Young-Gon Cho¹, Kwang-Won Lee; 2006;31(4):-299.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.4.290
Published online: July 31, 2006

Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Korea.

¹Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Kwang-Won Lee. Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Duckgin-gu, Jeonju, Korea, 561-756. Tel: +82-63-250-2016, lkw@chonbuk.ac.kr

• Received: April 4, 2006 • Revised: April 27, 2006 • Accepted: May 2, 2006

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of ethylene glycol analogs on modulus of elasticity and ultimate tensile strength of moist, demineralized dentin matrix.
Methods
Dentin disks 0.5 mm thick were prepared from mid-coronal dentin of extracted, unerupted, human third molars. "I" beam and hour-glass shaped specimens were prepared from the disks, the ends protected with nail varnish and the central regions completely demineralized in 0.5M EDTA for 5 days. Ultimate tensile stress (UTS) and low strain modulus of elasticity (E) were determined with specimens immersed for 60 min in distilled water (H₂O), ethylene glycol (HO-CH₂-CH₂-OH), 2-methoxyethanol (H₃CO-CH₂-CH₂-OH), and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (H₃CO-CH₂-CH₃-OCH₃) prior to testing in those same media. Modulus of elasticity was measured on the same specimens in a repeated measures experimental design. The results were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA on ranks, followed by Dunn's test at α = 0.05. Regression analysis examined the relationship between UTS or E and hoy's solubility parameter for hydrogen bonding (δ_h) of each solvent.
Results
The UTS of demineralized dentin in water, ethylene glycol, 2-methoxyethanol, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane was 24 (3), 30 (5), 37 (6), and 45 (6) MPa, × (SD) N = 10. Low strain E for the same media were 16 (13), 23 (14), 52 (24), and 62 (22) MPa. Regression analysis of UTS vs δ_h revealed a significant (p < 0.0001, r = -0.99, R² = 0.98) inverse, exponential relationship. A similar inverse relationship was obtained between low strain E vs δ_h (p < 0.0005, r = -0.93, R² = 0.86).
Significance
The tensile properties of demineralized dentin are dependent upon the hydrogen bonding ability of polar solvents (δ_h). Solvents with low δ_h values may permit new interpeptide H-bonding in collagen that increases its tensile properties. Solvents with high δ_h values prevent the development of these new interpeptide H-bonds.
Keywords: Polar Solvents; Ethylene Glycol Analogs; Hydrogen Bonding Ability

Figure 1

Schematic of sample preparation from mid-coronal dentin disk 0.5 mm thick (A). Hour-glass (B) and "I" beam (C) specimens were cut from the discs.

Figure 2

Two dimensional chemical structures of the control and test solvents.

Figure 3

Illustration of how the demineralized "I" beam was placed into friction grips of a universal testing machine.

Figure 4

Split-aluminum mold to measure the ultimate tensile strength by placing hourglass pattern into depressions.

Figure 5

UTS Values of Polar Solvents in 0.5 M EDTA Demineralized Dentin.

Figure 6

Hoy's Solubility Parameter vs UTS of Demineralized Dentin Matrix.

Figure 7

Hoy's Solubility Parameter vs UTS of Demineralized Dentin Matrix.

Figure 8

Low Wtrain Modulus of Elasticity of Polar Solvents.

Figure 9

Hoy's Solubility Parameter vs Low Strain Modulus of Elasticity.

Table 1

Hoy's solubility parameters, molecular weight and concentrations of test solvents

hydrogen bonding forces (δ_h), dispersive forces (δ_d), polar forces (δ_p), Hildebrand's solubility parameter (δ_t). MV=molecular weight(g/mole)

Table 2

Solvent exposure order to the demineralized dentin

Table 3

Summary of the effects of polar solvents on the tensile properties of demineralized dentin

a UTS of specimens demineralized with 0.5 M EDTA.

b UTS of specimens demineralized with 37% H₃PO₄.

^*5% strain modulus of elasticity.

REFERENCES

1. Nakabayashi N, Pashley DH. Hybridization of Dental Hard Tissues. 1998;1st edit. Tokyo: Quintessence Publishers; 42-56.
2. Maciel KT, Carvalho RM, Ringle RD, Preston CD, Russell CM, Pashley DH. The effects of acetone, ethanol, HEMA and air on the stiffness of human decalcified dentin matrix. J Dent Res. 1996;75: 1851-1858.Article PubMed PDF
3. Pashley DH, Agee KA, Nakajima M, Tay FR, Carvalho RM, Terada Rss, Harmon FJ, Lee KW, Rueggeberg RA. Solvent-induced dimensional changes in EDTA demineralized dentin matrix. J Biomed Mater Res. 2001;56(2):273-281.Article PubMed
4. Barton Allan FM. Chapter 5: Expanded cohesion parameters. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters. 1991;2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 98-103. 250-257.
5. Pashley DH, Agee KA, Carvalho RM, Lee KW, Tay FR, Callison TE. Effects of water and water-free polar solvents on the tensile properties of demineralized dentin. Dent Mater. 2003;19(5):347-352.Article PubMed
6. Asmussen E, Uno S. Solubility parameters, fractional polarities, and bond strengths of some intermediary resins used in dentin bonding. J Dent Res. 1993;72(3):558-565.Article PubMed PDF
7. Barton Allan FM. Handbook of Solubility Parameters and other Cohesion Parameters. 1991;2nd ed. CRC; 123-137.
8. Hoy KL. Tables of Solubility Parameters, Solvent and Coatings Materials Research and Development Department. 1985;Union Carbide Co..
9. Pashley DH, Zhang Y, Agee KA, Rouse CJ, Carvalho RM, Russell CM. Permeability of demineralized dentin to HEMA. Dent Mater. 2000;16: 7-14.Article PubMed
10. Asmussen E, Hansen EK, Pentzfeldt A. Influence of the solubility parameter of intermediary resin on the effectiveness of the Gluma bonding system. J Dent Res. 1991;70(9):1290-1293.Article PubMed PDF
11. Miller RG, Bowles CQ, Chappelow CC, Eick JD. Application of solubility parameter theory to dentin-bonding and adhesive strength correlations. J Biomed Mater Res. 1998;41: 237-243.Article PubMed
12. Sasaki N, Odajima S. Stress-strain curve and Young's modulus of a collagen molecules as determined by the X-ray diffraction technique. J Biomech. 1996;29: 655-658.PubMed
13. Craig R. Restorative Dental materials. 8th ed. 1989;Mosby; 65-112.
14. Sano H, Ciucchi B, Takatsu T, Russell CM, Pashley DH. Tensile properties of mineralized and demineralized human and bovine dentin. J Dent Res. 1994;73(6):1205-1211.Article PubMed PDF
15. Perdigão J, Lopes M, Gerableri S, Lopes GC, Garcia-Godoy F. Effect of a sodium hypochlorite gel on dentin bonding. Dent Mater. 2000;16: 311-323.Article PubMed
16. Zhang Y, Agee K, Nor J, Carvalho R, Sachar B, Russell C, Pashley D. Effects of acid-etching on the tensile properties of demineralized dentin matrix. Dent mater. 1998;14: 222-228.Article PubMed
17. Pashley DH, Carvalho RM, Tay FR, Agee KA, Lee KW. Solvation of dried dentin matrix by water and other polar solvents. Am J Dent. 2002;15(2):97-102.PubMed
18. Knott L, Bailey AJ. A review of their chemistry, function and clinical relevance. Bone. 1998;22: 181-187.Article PubMed
19. Silver FH, Christiansen D, Snowhill PB, Chen Y, Landis WJ. The role of mineral in the storage of elastic energy in turkey tendons. Biomacromolecules. 2000;1: 180-185.Article PubMed
20. Tay FR, Carvalho RM, Yiu CKY, King NM, Zhang Y, Agee K, Bouillaguet S, Pashley DH. Mechanical disruption of dentin collagen fibrils during resin-dentin bond testing. J Adhes Dent. 2000;2: 175-192.PubMed
21. Kato YP, Christiansen DL, Hahn RA, Shieh SJ, Goldstein JD, Silver FH. Mechanical properties of collagen fibers: A comparison of reconstituted and rat tail tendon fibers. Biomaterials. 1989;10: 38-42.Article PubMed
22. Finger WJ, Inoue M, Asmussen E. Effects of wetability of adhesive resins on bonding to dentin. Am J Dent. 1994;7: 35-38.PubMed
23. Chappelow CC, Power MD, Bowles CQ, Miller RG, Pinzino CS, Eick JD. Novel priming and cross-linking systems for use with isocyano-methacrylate dental adhesives. Dent Mater. 2000;16: 396-405.PubMed
24. Kato G, Nakabayashi N. The durability of adhesion to phosphoric acid etched, wet dentin substrates. Dent Mater. 1998;14(5):347-352.Article PubMed

Tables & Figures

Figure 1

Schematic of sample preparation from mid-coronal dentin disk 0.5 mm thick (A). Hour-glass (B) and "I" beam (C) specimens were cut from the discs.

Figure 2

Two dimensional chemical structures of the control and test solvents.

Figure 3

Illustration of how the demineralized "I" beam was placed into friction grips of a universal testing machine.

Figure 4

Split-aluminum mold to measure the ultimate tensile strength by placing hourglass pattern into depressions.

Figure 5

UTS Values of Polar Solvents in 0.5 M EDTA Demineralized Dentin.

Figure 6

Hoy's Solubility Parameter vs UTS of Demineralized Dentin Matrix.

Figure 7

Hoy's Solubility Parameter vs UTS of Demineralized Dentin Matrix.

Figure 8

Low Wtrain Modulus of Elasticity of Polar Solvents.

Figure 9

Hoy's Solubility Parameter vs Low Strain Modulus of Elasticity.

Table 1

Hoy's solubility parameters, molecular weight and concentrations of test solvents

hydrogen bonding forces (δ_h), dispersive forces (δ_d), polar forces (δ_p), Hildebrand's solubility parameter (δ_t). MV=molecular weight(g/mole)

Table 2

Solvent exposure order to the demineralized dentin

Table 3

Summary of the effects of polar solvents on the tensile properties of demineralized dentin

a UTS of specimens demineralized with 0.5 M EDTA.

b UTS of specimens demineralized with 37% H₃PO₄.

^*5% strain modulus of elasticity.

REFERENCES

1. Nakabayashi N, Pashley DH. Hybridization of Dental Hard Tissues. 1998;1st edit. Tokyo: Quintessence Publishers; 42-56.
2. Maciel KT, Carvalho RM, Ringle RD, Preston CD, Russell CM, Pashley DH. The effects of acetone, ethanol, HEMA and air on the stiffness of human decalcified dentin matrix. J Dent Res. 1996;75: 1851-1858.Article PubMed PDF
3. Pashley DH, Agee KA, Nakajima M, Tay FR, Carvalho RM, Terada Rss, Harmon FJ, Lee KW, Rueggeberg RA. Solvent-induced dimensional changes in EDTA demineralized dentin matrix. J Biomed Mater Res. 2001;56(2):273-281.Article PubMed
4. Barton Allan FM. Chapter 5: Expanded cohesion parameters. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters. 1991;2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 98-103. 250-257.
5. Pashley DH, Agee KA, Carvalho RM, Lee KW, Tay FR, Callison TE. Effects of water and water-free polar solvents on the tensile properties of demineralized dentin. Dent Mater. 2003;19(5):347-352.Article PubMed
6. Asmussen E, Uno S. Solubility parameters, fractional polarities, and bond strengths of some intermediary resins used in dentin bonding. J Dent Res. 1993;72(3):558-565.Article PubMed PDF
7. Barton Allan FM. Handbook of Solubility Parameters and other Cohesion Parameters. 1991;2nd ed. CRC; 123-137.
8. Hoy KL. Tables of Solubility Parameters, Solvent and Coatings Materials Research and Development Department. 1985;Union Carbide Co..
9. Pashley DH, Zhang Y, Agee KA, Rouse CJ, Carvalho RM, Russell CM. Permeability of demineralized dentin to HEMA. Dent Mater. 2000;16: 7-14.Article PubMed
10. Asmussen E, Hansen EK, Pentzfeldt A. Influence of the solubility parameter of intermediary resin on the effectiveness of the Gluma bonding system. J Dent Res. 1991;70(9):1290-1293.Article PubMed PDF
11. Miller RG, Bowles CQ, Chappelow CC, Eick JD. Application of solubility parameter theory to dentin-bonding and adhesive strength correlations. J Biomed Mater Res. 1998;41: 237-243.Article PubMed
12. Sasaki N, Odajima S. Stress-strain curve and Young's modulus of a collagen molecules as determined by the X-ray diffraction technique. J Biomech. 1996;29: 655-658.PubMed
13. Craig R. Restorative Dental materials. 8th ed. 1989;Mosby; 65-112.
14. Sano H, Ciucchi B, Takatsu T, Russell CM, Pashley DH. Tensile properties of mineralized and demineralized human and bovine dentin. J Dent Res. 1994;73(6):1205-1211.Article PubMed PDF
15. Perdigão J, Lopes M, Gerableri S, Lopes GC, Garcia-Godoy F. Effect of a sodium hypochlorite gel on dentin bonding. Dent Mater. 2000;16: 311-323.Article PubMed
16. Zhang Y, Agee K, Nor J, Carvalho R, Sachar B, Russell C, Pashley D. Effects of acid-etching on the tensile properties of demineralized dentin matrix. Dent mater. 1998;14: 222-228.Article PubMed
17. Pashley DH, Carvalho RM, Tay FR, Agee KA, Lee KW. Solvation of dried dentin matrix by water and other polar solvents. Am J Dent. 2002;15(2):97-102.PubMed
18. Knott L, Bailey AJ. A review of their chemistry, function and clinical relevance. Bone. 1998;22: 181-187.Article PubMed
19. Silver FH, Christiansen D, Snowhill PB, Chen Y, Landis WJ. The role of mineral in the storage of elastic energy in turkey tendons. Biomacromolecules. 2000;1: 180-185.Article PubMed
20. Tay FR, Carvalho RM, Yiu CKY, King NM, Zhang Y, Agee K, Bouillaguet S, Pashley DH. Mechanical disruption of dentin collagen fibrils during resin-dentin bond testing. J Adhes Dent. 2000;2: 175-192.PubMed
21. Kato YP, Christiansen DL, Hahn RA, Shieh SJ, Goldstein JD, Silver FH. Mechanical properties of collagen fibers: A comparison of reconstituted and rat tail tendon fibers. Biomaterials. 1989;10: 38-42.Article PubMed
22. Finger WJ, Inoue M, Asmussen E. Effects of wetability of adhesive resins on bonding to dentin. Am J Dent. 1994;7: 35-38.PubMed
23. Chappelow CC, Power MD, Bowles CQ, Miller RG, Pinzino CS, Eick JD. Novel priming and cross-linking systems for use with isocyano-methacrylate dental adhesives. Dent Mater. 2000;16: 396-405.PubMed
24. Kato G, Nakabayashi N. The durability of adhesion to phosphoric acid etched, wet dentin substrates. Dent Mater. 1998;14(5):347-352.Article PubMed

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The effect of ethylene glycol analogs on mechanical properties of moist demineralized dentin matrix

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2006;31(4):290-299. Published online July 31, 2006

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2006.31.4.290

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The effect of ethylene glycol analogs on mechanical properties of moist demineralized dentin matrix

Figure 1 Schematic of sample preparation from mid-coronal dentin disk 0.5 mm thick (A). Hour-glass (B) and "I" beam (C) specimens were cut from the discs.

Figure 2 Two dimensional chemical structures of the control and test solvents.

Figure 3 Illustration of how the demineralized "I" beam was placed into friction grips of a universal testing machine.

Figure 4 Split-aluminum mold to measure the ultimate tensile strength by placing hourglass pattern into depressions.

Figure 5 UTS Values of Polar Solvents in 0.5 M EDTA Demineralized Dentin.

Figure 6 Hoy's Solubility Parameter vs UTS of Demineralized Dentin Matrix.

Figure 7 Hoy's Solubility Parameter vs UTS of Demineralized Dentin Matrix.

Figure 8 Low Wtrain Modulus of Elasticity of Polar Solvents.

Figure 9 Hoy's Solubility Parameter vs Low Strain Modulus of Elasticity.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

The effect of ethylene glycol analogs on mechanical properties of moist demineralized dentin matrix

Table 1

Hoy's solubility parameters, molecular weight and concentrations of test solvents

hydrogen bonding forces (δ_h), dispersive forces (δ_d), polar forces (δ_p), Hildebrand's solubility parameter (δ_t). MV=molecular weight(g/mole)

Table 2

Solvent exposure order to the demineralized dentin

Table 3

Summary of the effects of polar solvents on the tensile properties of demineralized dentin

a UTS of specimens demineralized with 0.5 M EDTA.

b UTS of specimens demineralized with 37% H₃PO₄.

^*5% strain modulus of elasticity.

Table 1 Hoy's solubility parameters, molecular weight and concentrations of test solvents

hydrogen bonding forces (δ_h), dispersive forces (δ_d), polar forces (δ_p), Hildebrand's solubility parameter (δ_t). MV=molecular weight(g/mole)

Table 2 Solvent exposure order to the demineralized dentin

Table 3 Summary of the effects of polar solvents on the tensile properties of demineralized dentin

a UTS of specimens demineralized with 0.5 M EDTA.

b UTS of specimens demineralized with 37% H₃PO₄.

^*5% strain modulus of elasticity.