Seon-Ah Kim; Sung-Sam Lim

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2002.27.1.001

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Original Article The levels of interleukin-2, interferon-γ, interleukin-4 and T lymphocyte subpopulations in rat pulpal inflammation induced experimentally by specific bacteria: Seon-Ah Kim, Sung-Sam Lim; Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2002;27(1):1-11.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2002.27.1.001
Published online: January 31, 2002

Department of Conservative Dentistry, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Korea.

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Abstract
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Abstract

Immune responses associated with bacterial infection involve various inflammatory cells. Clinical symptoms and pathologic features are particularly influenced by the predominant cells. Among inflammatory cells, T cells have the heterogenity. T cells may develop into the mature cells expressing the cell surface markers with different functions and T helper cells are categorized into Th1 and Th2 cells based on their different patterns of cytokine production. The objective of this study was to investigate the change of expression of surface markers on T cells and the Th1/Th2 immune response in pulpal inflammation associated with specific bacteria.

We experimentally induced pulpal inflammation in rat incisors by drilling without coolant and innoculated with Streptococcus mutans (S.M. group), Porphyromonas endodontalis (P.E. group), or only sterile cotton (control group). After 1, 2, and 5 days, mandibular incisors were extracted and the pulp tissues were extirpated. The expressions of IL-2 recepters (CD25) and ICAM-1 (CD54) on CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the pulps were determined using a flow cytometer, and the concentration of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-4 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The results were as follows;

1. In the S.M. group, CD4+ cells were more increased at 2nd day than 1st day and in the P.E. group, CD8+ cells were more increased at 2nd day than 1st day.

2. The percentages of CD4+, CD4+25+ and CD4+54+ cells were decreased in the pulp tissues at 5th day after irritation in all groups.

3. The ratios of CD4+/CD8+, CD4+/CD4+25+ and CD4+/CD4+54+ in the pulps at 2nd day after irritation by P. endodontalis were significantly lower than the other groups.

4. The higher concentrations of IFN-γ than IL-4 in the pulps at 2nd day after irritation by P. endodontalis showed that T helper 1 reaction were predominant in the early stage of the pulpal inflammation induced by P. endodontalis.

5. The higher concentrations of IL-4 than IFN-γ in the pulps at 1st day and 5th day after irritation by S. mutans were measured but the differences were not significant.
Keywords: Pulp; Streptococcus mutans; Porphyromonas endodontalis; T cells

REFERENCES

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Fig. 1

Lymphocytes were gated(R1) on FSC(cell size) versus SSC(cell granularity) plot.

Fig. 2

Two-color fluorescence analysis of CD25 (FL1-Height) and CD4 (FL3-Height) in left plot and two-color fluorescence analysis of CD54 (FL2-Height) and CD4 (FL3-Height) is shown in right plot. UL: upper left, UR: upper right, LL: lower left, LR: lower right, % Gated: percentage in the gated area, % Total: percentage in all particles.

Fig. 3

The percentages of CD4+ cells.

Fig. 4

The percentages of CD4+25+ cells.

Fig. 5

The percentages of CD8+ cells.

Fig. 6

The percentages of CD8+25+ cells.

Fig. 7

The ratios of CD4+/CD8+.

Fig. 8

The ratios of CD4+/CD4+25+.

Fig. 9

The concentration of IFN-γand IL-4.

Fig. 10

The pulp tissue in the P.E. group at 2nd day after irritation (H&E stain ×400).

Fig. 11

The pulp tissue in the P.E. group at 5th day after irritation (H&E stain ×400).

Table 1

The percentages and standard deviations of CD4+ cells in the gated area

*,#,∾,$ in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) between groups.

+,‡ in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) in the group.

Table 2

The percentages and standard deviations of CD8+ cells in the gated area

*,# in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) between groups.

+,‡ in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) in the group.

Table 3

The mean ratios of cell populations

*,#,∾,$ in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) between groups.

+,‡ in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) in the group.

Table 4

The average concentrations of cytokines

*,# in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) between groups.

+,‡ in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by paired t-test) in the group.

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The levels of interleukin-2, interferon-γ, interleukin-4 and T lymphocyte subpopulations in rat pulpal inflammation induced experimentally by specific bacteria

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2002;27(1):1-11. Published online January 31, 2002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2002.27.1.001

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Figure

The levels of interleukin-2, interferon-γ, interleukin-4 and T lymphocyte subpopulations in rat pulpal inflammation induced experimentally by specific bacteria

Fig. 1 Lymphocytes were gated(R1) on FSC(cell size) versus SSC(cell granularity) plot.

Fig. 2 Two-color fluorescence analysis of CD25 (FL1-Height) and CD4 (FL3-Height) in left plot and two-color fluorescence analysis of CD54 (FL2-Height) and CD4 (FL3-Height) is shown in right plot. UL: upper left, UR: upper right, LL: lower left, LR: lower right, % Gated: percentage in the gated area, % Total: percentage in all particles.

Fig. 3 The percentages of CD4+ cells.

Fig. 4 The percentages of CD4+25+ cells.

Fig. 5 The percentages of CD8+ cells.

Fig. 6 The percentages of CD8+25+ cells.

Fig. 7 The ratios of CD4+/CD8+.

Fig. 8 The ratios of CD4+/CD4+25+.

Fig. 9 The concentration of IFN-γand IL-4.

Fig. 10 The pulp tissue in the P.E. group at 2nd day after irritation (H&E stain ×400).

Fig. 11 The pulp tissue in the P.E. group at 5th day after irritation (H&E stain ×400).

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Fig. 11

The levels of interleukin-2, interferon-γ, interleukin-4 and T lymphocyte subpopulations in rat pulpal inflammation induced experimentally by specific bacteria

Table 1

The percentages and standard deviations of CD4+ cells in the gated area

*,#,∾,$ in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) between groups.

+,‡ in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) in the group.

Table 2

The percentages and standard deviations of CD8+ cells in the gated area

*,# in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) between groups.

+,‡ in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) in the group.

Table 3

The mean ratios of cell populations

*,#,∾,$ in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) between groups.

+,‡ in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) in the group.

Table 4

The average concentrations of cytokines

*,# in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) between groups.

+,‡ in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by paired t-test) in the group.

Table 1 The percentages and standard deviations of CD4+ cells in the gated area

*,#,∾,$ in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) between groups.

+,‡ in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) in the group.

Table 2 The percentages and standard deviations of CD8+ cells in the gated area

*,# in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) between groups.

+,‡ in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) in the group.

Table 3 The mean ratios of cell populations

*,#,∾,$ in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) between groups.

+,‡ in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) in the group.

Table 4 The average concentrations of cytokines

*,# in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by One-way ANOVA) between groups.

+,‡ in the same line; statistically significant (p<0.05; by paired t-test) in the group.