Lifetime and fracture patterns of NiTi rotary files in molars

Jin-Woo Kim; Byung-Doo Ahn; Se-Hee Park; Hye-Jin Shin; Kyung-Mo Cho

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2005.30.3.184

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Original Article Lifetime and fracture patterns of NiTi rotary files in molars: Jin-Woo Kim, Byung-Doo Ahn, Se-Hee Park, Hye-Jin Shin, Kyung-Mo Cho; 2005;30(3):-192.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2005.30.3.184
Published online: May 31, 2005

Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kangnung National University, Korea.

Corresponding author: Jin-Woo Kim. Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kangnung National University, Jibyun-Dong, Kangnung City, Kangwon-Do, Korea, 210-702. Tel: 82-33-640-3189, Fax: 82-33-640-3113, mendo7@kangnung.ac.kr

• Received: October 27, 2004 • Revised: December 8, 2004 • Accepted: February 16, 2005

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Intracanal separation of the rotary files is a serious concern in modern endodontic practice. The objective of this study was to compare the life span and fracture patterns of three NiTi rotary files in molar teeth.

Mesiobuccal roots of upper molar (n = 150) and mesial roots of lower molar (n = 150) were divided into three groups and each group was prepared with Profile, ProTaper, and K3 respectively. Every file was used until separation and/or deterioration of the cutting blade was happened, and then the number of canals to separation and/or unwinding were recorded. Radiographs and Scanning electon microscope (SEM) photographs were taken to evaluate the patterns of separation.

The results were as follows :

1. There were no significant differences in numbers of canals to separation and/or unwinding among the groups.

2. Comparing between flaring files, K3 showed significant lower numbers of canals to separation and/or unwinding (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between shaping files

3. Separations of instruments were occurred at the midpoint of curvatures within the canals.

4. In SEM observations, ductile fractures were seen in most of cases, characterized by shallow dimples.

Additional researches is needed to provide a new guideline that informs the appropriate number of times to use NiTi files.
Keywords: NiTi file; separation; Unwinding; SEM

Figure 1

SEM photographs of representative fracture surface.

a: ProFile group b: ProTaper group

c: K3 flaring group d: K3 shaping group

Figure 2

SEM photoghaph of representative cutting blade.

Files shown are (from top to bottom): K3 #20/.06, new K3 #20/.06, ProFile #20/.06 and new ProFile #20/.06. Unwinding of K3 file was seen to the point of fracture.

Table 1

Angle and radius of curvature of root canals in this study

Table 2

Classification of NiTi rotary file used in this study

Table 3

Mean numbers of the canals which one file could prepare

^†: (# of fractured files / # of unwinding files).

^*: Statistically significant difference, p < 0.05 by Mann-Whitney test.

REFERENCES

1. Schilder H. Cleaning and shaping the root canal. Dent Clin North Am. 1974;18: 269-296.Article PubMed
2. Skidmore AE, Bjorndal AM. Root canal morphology of the human mandibular first molar. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1971;32: 778-784.Article PubMed
3. Weine F, Kelly R, Lio P. The effect of preparation procedures on the original canal shape and on apical foramen shape. J Endod. 1975;1: 255-262.PubMed
4. Walia H, Brantely WA, Gerstein H. An initial investigation of the bending and torsional properties of nitinol root canal files. J Endod. 1988;14: 346-351.Article PubMed
5. Glossen CR, Haller RH, Dove SB, del Rio CE. A comparison of root canal preparations using Ni-Ti hand, Ni-Ti engine-driven, and K-Flex endodontic instruments. J Endod. 1995;21: 146-151.Article PubMed
6. Serene TP, Adams JD, Saxena A. Nickel-titanium instruments: applications in endodontics. 1995;St. Louis: Mosby; 67-78.
7. Barbakow F, Lutz F. The "Lightspeed" preparation technique evaluated by Swiss clinicians after attending continuing education courses. Int Endod J. 1997;30: 46-50.Article PubMed
8. Zuolo ML, Walton RE. Instrument deterioration with usage: Nickel-Titanium versus stainless steel. Quintessence Int. 1997;28: 397-402.PubMed
9. Mandel E, Adib-Yazdi M, Benhamou LM, Lachkar T, Mesgouez , Sobel M. Rotary Ni-Ti profile systems for preparing curved canals in resin blocks: influence of operator on instrument breakage. Int Endod J. 1999;32: 436-443.Article PubMed
10. Ruddle C. Cleaning and shaping the root canal system. Pathways of the Pulp. 2002;8th ed. Mosby: St. Louis; 231-292.
11. Sattapan B, Nervo GJ, Palamara JEA, Messer HH. Defect in rotary nickel-titanium files after clinical use. J Endod. 2000;26: 161-165.PubMed
12. Haikel Y, Serfaty R, Bateman G, Senger B, Allemann C. Dynamic and cyclic fatigue of engine-driven rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instrument. J Endod. 1999;25: 434-440.PubMed
13. Gambarini G. Cyclic fatigue of Profile rotary instruments after prolonged clinical use. Int Endod J. 2001;34: 386-389.Article PubMed PDF
14. Pruett JP, Clement DJ, Carnes DL Jr. Cyclic fatigue testing of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. J Endod. 1997;23: 77-85.Article PubMed
15. Gary C. Influence of material properties on the rotational speed of engine-driven nickel-titanium instrument. Contemporary Endod. 2002;28-30.
16. Mize SB, Clement DJ, Carnes DL, Pruett JP. Effect of sterilization on cyclic fatigue of Ni-Ti instruments. Abstracts of research. AAE 54th session. J Endod. 1997;23(OR9):251.
17. Yared GM, Bou Dagher FE, Machtou P. Cyclic fatigue of Profile rotary instruments after clinical use. Int Endod J. 2000;33: 204-207.Article PubMed
18. Peters OA, Barbakow F. Dynamic torque and apical forced of ProFile .04 rotary instruments during preparation of curved canals. Int Endod J. 2002;35: 379-389.PubMed
19. Booth JR, Sheetz JP, Lemons JE, Eleazer PD. A comparison of torque reqiured to fracture three different nickel-titanium rotary instruments around curves of the same angle but of different radius when bound at the tip. J Endod. 2003;29: 55-57.PubMed
20. Gambarini G. Cyclic fatique of nickel-titanium rotary instruments after clinical use with low- and high torque endodontic motors. J Endod. 2001;27: 772-774.PubMed
21. Cho JC, et al. Metal Failure Analysis. 2002;Seoul: Jinyoungsa; 15-41.
22. Lee DR. Mechanical Metallurgy. 1985;Seoul: Moonundang; 219-291.
23. Zinelis S, Margelos J. In: Eliades G, Eliades T, Brantley W, Watt DC, editors. Aging of endodontic instruments and materials. Dental materials in vivo: aging and related phenomena. Carol Stream. 2003;Carol Stream: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 180-186.

Tables & Figures

Figure 1

SEM photographs of representative fracture surface.

a: ProFile group b: ProTaper group

c: K3 flaring group d: K3 shaping group

Figure 2

SEM photoghaph of representative cutting blade.

Files shown are (from top to bottom): K3 #20/.06, new K3 #20/.06, ProFile #20/.06 and new ProFile #20/.06. Unwinding of K3 file was seen to the point of fracture.

Table 1

Angle and radius of curvature of root canals in this study

Table 2

Classification of NiTi rotary file used in this study

Table 3

Mean numbers of the canals which one file could prepare

^†: (# of fractured files / # of unwinding files).

^*: Statistically significant difference, p < 0.05 by Mann-Whitney test.

REFERENCES

1. Schilder H. Cleaning and shaping the root canal. Dent Clin North Am. 1974;18: 269-296.Article PubMed
2. Skidmore AE, Bjorndal AM. Root canal morphology of the human mandibular first molar. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1971;32: 778-784.Article PubMed
3. Weine F, Kelly R, Lio P. The effect of preparation procedures on the original canal shape and on apical foramen shape. J Endod. 1975;1: 255-262.PubMed
4. Walia H, Brantely WA, Gerstein H. An initial investigation of the bending and torsional properties of nitinol root canal files. J Endod. 1988;14: 346-351.Article PubMed
5. Glossen CR, Haller RH, Dove SB, del Rio CE. A comparison of root canal preparations using Ni-Ti hand, Ni-Ti engine-driven, and K-Flex endodontic instruments. J Endod. 1995;21: 146-151.Article PubMed
6. Serene TP, Adams JD, Saxena A. Nickel-titanium instruments: applications in endodontics. 1995;St. Louis: Mosby; 67-78.
7. Barbakow F, Lutz F. The "Lightspeed" preparation technique evaluated by Swiss clinicians after attending continuing education courses. Int Endod J. 1997;30: 46-50.Article PubMed
8. Zuolo ML, Walton RE. Instrument deterioration with usage: Nickel-Titanium versus stainless steel. Quintessence Int. 1997;28: 397-402.PubMed
9. Mandel E, Adib-Yazdi M, Benhamou LM, Lachkar T, Mesgouez , Sobel M. Rotary Ni-Ti profile systems for preparing curved canals in resin blocks: influence of operator on instrument breakage. Int Endod J. 1999;32: 436-443.Article PubMed
10. Ruddle C. Cleaning and shaping the root canal system. Pathways of the Pulp. 2002;8th ed. Mosby: St. Louis; 231-292.
11. Sattapan B, Nervo GJ, Palamara JEA, Messer HH. Defect in rotary nickel-titanium files after clinical use. J Endod. 2000;26: 161-165.PubMed
12. Haikel Y, Serfaty R, Bateman G, Senger B, Allemann C. Dynamic and cyclic fatigue of engine-driven rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instrument. J Endod. 1999;25: 434-440.PubMed
13. Gambarini G. Cyclic fatigue of Profile rotary instruments after prolonged clinical use. Int Endod J. 2001;34: 386-389.Article PubMed PDF
14. Pruett JP, Clement DJ, Carnes DL Jr. Cyclic fatigue testing of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. J Endod. 1997;23: 77-85.Article PubMed
15. Gary C. Influence of material properties on the rotational speed of engine-driven nickel-titanium instrument. Contemporary Endod. 2002;28-30.
16. Mize SB, Clement DJ, Carnes DL, Pruett JP. Effect of sterilization on cyclic fatigue of Ni-Ti instruments. Abstracts of research. AAE 54th session. J Endod. 1997;23(OR9):251.
17. Yared GM, Bou Dagher FE, Machtou P. Cyclic fatigue of Profile rotary instruments after clinical use. Int Endod J. 2000;33: 204-207.Article PubMed
18. Peters OA, Barbakow F. Dynamic torque and apical forced of ProFile .04 rotary instruments during preparation of curved canals. Int Endod J. 2002;35: 379-389.PubMed
19. Booth JR, Sheetz JP, Lemons JE, Eleazer PD. A comparison of torque reqiured to fracture three different nickel-titanium rotary instruments around curves of the same angle but of different radius when bound at the tip. J Endod. 2003;29: 55-57.PubMed
20. Gambarini G. Cyclic fatique of nickel-titanium rotary instruments after clinical use with low- and high torque endodontic motors. J Endod. 2001;27: 772-774.PubMed
21. Cho JC, et al. Metal Failure Analysis. 2002;Seoul: Jinyoungsa; 15-41.
22. Lee DR. Mechanical Metallurgy. 1985;Seoul: Moonundang; 219-291.
23. Zinelis S, Margelos J. In: Eliades G, Eliades T, Brantley W, Watt DC, editors. Aging of endodontic instruments and materials. Dental materials in vivo: aging and related phenomena. Carol Stream. 2003;Carol Stream: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 180-186.

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Developing evidence-based clinical imaging guidelines for the diagnosis of vertically fractured teeth
Ki-Hong Kim, Jo-Eun Kim, Sam-Sun Lee, Chena Lee, Miyoung Choi, Hwan Seok Yong, Seung Eun Jung, Min-Suk Heo, Kyung-Hoe Huh
Oral Radiology.2024; 40(4): 471. CrossRef

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Lifetime and fracture patterns of NiTi rotary files in molars

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2005;30(3):184-192. Published online May 31, 2005

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2005.30.3.184

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Figure

Lifetime and fracture patterns of NiTi rotary files in molars

Figure 1 SEM photographs of representative fracture surface. a: ProFile group b: ProTaper group c: K3 flaring group d: K3 shaping group

Figure 2 SEM photoghaph of representative cutting blade. Files shown are (from top to bottom): K3 #20/.06, new K3 #20/.06, ProFile #20/.06 and new ProFile #20/.06. Unwinding of K3 file was seen to the point of fracture.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Lifetime and fracture patterns of NiTi rotary files in molars

Table 1

Angle and radius of curvature of root canals in this study

Table 2

Classification of NiTi rotary file used in this study

Table 3

Mean numbers of the canals which one file could prepare

^†: (# of fractured files / # of unwinding files).

^*: Statistically significant difference, p < 0.05 by Mann-Whitney test.

Table 1 Angle and radius of curvature of root canals in this study

Table 2 Classification of NiTi rotary file used in this study

Table 3 Mean numbers of the canals which one file could prepare

^†: (# of fractured files / # of unwinding files).

^*: Statistically significant difference, p < 0.05 by Mann-Whitney test.