The effect of NaOCl treatment and sterilization procedures on the corrosion of endodontic files

Won-Kyung Yang; Yoon-Sik Ra; Young-Kyoo Lee; Ho-Hyun Son; Mi-Ri Kim

doi:10.5395/JKACD.2005.30.2.121

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Original Article The effect of NaOCl treatment and sterilization procedures on the corrosion of endodontic files: Won-Kyung Yang¹, Yoon-Sik Ra¹, Young-Kyoo Lee², Ho-Hyun Son³, Mi-Ri Kim¹; 2005;30(2):-127.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2005.30.2.121
Published online: March 31, 2005

¹Department of Conservative Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Asan Medical Center, Korea.

²Department of Periodontics, Department of Dentistry, Asan Medical Center, Korea.

³Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Korea.

Corresponding author: Mi-Ri Kim. Department of Conservative Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Asan Medical Center, 388-1, Poongnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea, 138-736. Tel: 82-2-3010-3824, Fax: 82-2-3010-6967, kmr333@unitel.co.kr

• Received: August 30, 2004 • Revised: October 28, 2004 • Accepted: November 9, 2004

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

A variety files made of stainless steel (S-S) or nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) are used during endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the corrosion susceptibility of S-S and Ni-Ti endodontic files. Three brands of files were used for this study: K-flex® S-S files (Maillefer, USA), Profile® Ni-Ti files (Maillefer, USA), K-3® Ni-Ti files (SybronEndo, USA). 120 files of each brands (21mm, ISO size #20) were divided into 12 groups according to 1) sterilization methods using Autoclave or Ethylene Oxide (E-O) gas, 2) Irrigation solutions using 5.25 % NaOCl or Saline, 3) the number of sterilization (1, 5, 10 times). After above procedures, each of the files was inspected by three examiners with a light microscope and camera at X25. Each file was judged and ranked according to the following criteria: 0; no corrosion, 1; mild corrosion, 2; moderate corrosion, and 3; severe corrosion. The files of high score were examined under the Scanning Electron Microscope.

Data were statistically analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). Most of the ten time-autoclaved files had showed mild to moderate corrosion. But, one or five time-autoclaved files did not show corrosive surface. NaOCl treatment and E-O gas sterilization did not influence on corrosion. There was a significant difference in corrosion susceptibility between sterilization methods and the number of autoclaving. However, there was no significant difference between brands and file materials.
Keywords: K-flex® file; Profile®; K-3® file; Autoclave; Ethylene Oxide gas sterilization; NaOCl; Corrosion

Figure 1

Low magnification of untreated K-flex® file, Profile®, and K-3® file (SEM photo).

Figure 2

SEM photographs of K-flex® file treated with sodium hypochlorite and autoclaved ten-times (left arrow; fissure line, right arrows; pitting).

Figure 3

Low magnification (left) and high magnification (right) of Profile® treated with sodium hypochlorite and autoclaved ten-times (arrow; pitting)

Figure 4

Low magnification (left) and high magnification (right) of K-3® file treated with sodium hypochlorite and autoclaved ten-times (arrows; pitting).

Figure 5

Sum of corrosion scores of autoclaved files (O; NaOCl, X; Saline).

Ten times-autoclaved files had significantly different from one or five times-autocaved files (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between brands and file materials.

Figure 6

Sum of corrosion scores of E-O gas sterilized files (O; NaOCl, X; Saline).

EO-gas sterilized files did not showed significantly different from each other (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between brands and file materials.

Table 1

Classification of the experimental groups. The files in each group were immersed in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite or normal saline for 10 minutes before sterilization (36 groups, n = 10 / group).

REFERENCES

1. Bahcall JK, Barss JT. Understanding and evaluating the endodontic file. Gen Dent. 2000;48: 690-692.PubMed
2. Walia HM, Brantley WA, Gerstein H. An initial investigation of the bending and torsional properties of nitinol root canal files. J Endod. 1988;14: 346-351.Article PubMed
3. Assad M, Chernyshov AV, Jarzem P, Leroux MA, Coillard C, Charette S, Rivard CH. Porous titanium-nickel for Intervertebral fusion in a sheep model: part 2. Surface analysis and nickel release assessment. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2003;64: 121-129.Article PubMed
4. Mize SB, Pruett JP, Clement DJ, Carnes DL. Effect to sterilization on cyclic fatigue of rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. J Endod. 1998;24: 843-847.PubMed
5. Filho IB, Esberard RM, Leonardo RT, Del Rio CE. Microsopic evaluation of three endodontic files pre- and postinstrumentation. J Endod. 1998;24: 461-464.PubMed
6. Stokes OW, Di Fiore PM, Barss JT, Koerber A, Gilbert JL, Lautenschlager EP. Corrosion in stainless-steel and nickel titanium files. J Endod. 1999;25: 17-20.Article PubMed
7. Neal RG, Craig RG, Powers JM. Effects of sterilization and irrigants on the cutting ability of stainless steel files. J Endod. 1983;9: 93-96.PubMed
8. Haikel Y, Serfaty R, Speisser WJM, Alleman C. Cutting efficiency of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments and the effect of sodium hypochlorite treatment. J Endod. 1998;24: 736-739.Article PubMed
9. Busslinger A, Sener B, Barbakow F. Effects of sodium hypochlorite on nickel-titanium Lightspeed instruments. Int Endod J. 1998;31: 290-294.PubMed
10. Haikel Y, Serfaty R, Speisser WJM, Alleman C. Mechanical properties of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments and the effect of sodium hypochlorite treatment. J Endod. 1998;24: 731-735.Article PubMed
11. Sarkar NK, Redmond W, Schwaninger B, Goldberg AJ. The chloride corrosion behaviour of four orthodontic wires. J Oral Rehabil. 1983;10: 121-128.Article PubMed
12. Hurtt CA, Rossman LE. The sterilization of endodontic hand files. J Endod. 1996;22: 321-322.Article PubMed
13. Charles , et al. Sterilization or disinfection of dental instruments. Accepted dental therapeutics 40th. 1984;Chicago, IL: American Dental Association; 134-150.
14. Willet NP, White RR, Rosen S. Disinfection and sterilization. Essential Dental Mocrobiology. 1991;Appletin & Lange, East Norwalk, CO; 58-61.

Tables & Figures

Figure 1

Low magnification of untreated K-flex® file, Profile®, and K-3® file (SEM photo).

Figure 2

SEM photographs of K-flex® file treated with sodium hypochlorite and autoclaved ten-times (left arrow; fissure line, right arrows; pitting).

Figure 3

Low magnification (left) and high magnification (right) of Profile® treated with sodium hypochlorite and autoclaved ten-times (arrow; pitting)

Figure 4

Low magnification (left) and high magnification (right) of K-3® file treated with sodium hypochlorite and autoclaved ten-times (arrows; pitting).

Figure 5

Sum of corrosion scores of autoclaved files (O; NaOCl, X; Saline).

Ten times-autoclaved files had significantly different from one or five times-autocaved files (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between brands and file materials.

Figure 6

Sum of corrosion scores of E-O gas sterilized files (O; NaOCl, X; Saline).

EO-gas sterilized files did not showed significantly different from each other (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between brands and file materials.

Table 1

Classification of the experimental groups. The files in each group were immersed in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite or normal saline for 10 minutes before sterilization (36 groups, n = 10 / group).

REFERENCES

1. Bahcall JK, Barss JT. Understanding and evaluating the endodontic file. Gen Dent. 2000;48: 690-692.PubMed
2. Walia HM, Brantley WA, Gerstein H. An initial investigation of the bending and torsional properties of nitinol root canal files. J Endod. 1988;14: 346-351.Article PubMed
3. Assad M, Chernyshov AV, Jarzem P, Leroux MA, Coillard C, Charette S, Rivard CH. Porous titanium-nickel for Intervertebral fusion in a sheep model: part 2. Surface analysis and nickel release assessment. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2003;64: 121-129.Article PubMed
4. Mize SB, Pruett JP, Clement DJ, Carnes DL. Effect to sterilization on cyclic fatigue of rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. J Endod. 1998;24: 843-847.PubMed
5. Filho IB, Esberard RM, Leonardo RT, Del Rio CE. Microsopic evaluation of three endodontic files pre- and postinstrumentation. J Endod. 1998;24: 461-464.PubMed
6. Stokes OW, Di Fiore PM, Barss JT, Koerber A, Gilbert JL, Lautenschlager EP. Corrosion in stainless-steel and nickel titanium files. J Endod. 1999;25: 17-20.Article PubMed
7. Neal RG, Craig RG, Powers JM. Effects of sterilization and irrigants on the cutting ability of stainless steel files. J Endod. 1983;9: 93-96.PubMed
8. Haikel Y, Serfaty R, Speisser WJM, Alleman C. Cutting efficiency of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments and the effect of sodium hypochlorite treatment. J Endod. 1998;24: 736-739.Article PubMed
9. Busslinger A, Sener B, Barbakow F. Effects of sodium hypochlorite on nickel-titanium Lightspeed instruments. Int Endod J. 1998;31: 290-294.PubMed
10. Haikel Y, Serfaty R, Speisser WJM, Alleman C. Mechanical properties of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments and the effect of sodium hypochlorite treatment. J Endod. 1998;24: 731-735.Article PubMed
11. Sarkar NK, Redmond W, Schwaninger B, Goldberg AJ. The chloride corrosion behaviour of four orthodontic wires. J Oral Rehabil. 1983;10: 121-128.Article PubMed
12. Hurtt CA, Rossman LE. The sterilization of endodontic hand files. J Endod. 1996;22: 321-322.Article PubMed
13. Charles , et al. Sterilization or disinfection of dental instruments. Accepted dental therapeutics 40th. 1984;Chicago, IL: American Dental Association; 134-150.
14. Willet NP, White RR, Rosen S. Disinfection and sterilization. Essential Dental Mocrobiology. 1991;Appletin & Lange, East Norwalk, CO; 58-61.

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International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry.2017; 7(3): 97. CrossRef

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The effect of NaOCl treatment and sterilization procedures on the corrosion of endodontic files

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2005;30(2):121-127. Published online March 31, 2005

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2005.30.2.121

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Figure

The effect of NaOCl treatment and sterilization procedures on the corrosion of endodontic files

Figure 1 Low magnification of untreated K-flex® file, Profile®, and K-3® file (SEM photo).

Figure 2 SEM photographs of K-flex® file treated with sodium hypochlorite and autoclaved ten-times (left arrow; fissure line, right arrows; pitting).

Figure 3 Low magnification (left) and high magnification (right) of Profile® treated with sodium hypochlorite and autoclaved ten-times (arrow; pitting)

Figure 4 Low magnification (left) and high magnification (right) of K-3® file treated with sodium hypochlorite and autoclaved ten-times (arrows; pitting).

Figure 5 Sum of corrosion scores of autoclaved files (O; NaOCl, X; Saline). Ten times-autoclaved files had significantly different from one or five times-autocaved files (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between brands and file materials.

Figure 6 Sum of corrosion scores of E-O gas sterilized files (O; NaOCl, X; Saline). EO-gas sterilized files did not showed significantly different from each other (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between brands and file materials.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

The effect of NaOCl treatment and sterilization procedures on the corrosion of endodontic files

Table 1

Classification of the experimental groups. The files in each group were immersed in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite or normal saline for 10 minutes before sterilization (36 groups, n = 10 / group).

Table 1 Classification of the experimental groups. The files in each group were immersed in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite or normal saline for 10 minutes before sterilization (36 groups, n = 10 / group).