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Original Article Measurement of the excessive stimulus time after the sensory threshold level during electric pulp testing
Ki-Chang Nam1, Seon-Hui Ahn1, Soo-Chan Kim1, Deok-Won Kim1, Seung-Jong Lee2
2004;29(3):-232.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.3.226
Published online: May 31, 2004

1Department of Medical Engineering, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Korea.

2Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Korea.

Corresponding author: Seung-Jong Lee. Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon Gu, Seoul, Korea, 120-752. Tel: 82-2-361-8700, Fax: 82-2-313-7575, sjlee@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr

Copyright © 2004 Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry

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  • Use of electric pulp testing elicits painful response in vital teeth. In this study, we examined the excessive time from pain feeling to stimulation disconnection in clinical situation. D626D (Parkell Inc., USA.) scan type electric pulp tester was used in total of 23 young healthy individuals. Each of the right central incisors and first premolars were used as testing teeth. Stimulation disconnection was achieved by EMG in anterior belly of digastric muscle, finger span, and voice and the excessive stimulation time over the sensory threshold was recorded. As a result, we found that the short responses before the stimulation disconnection appeared following order; EMG, finger span, and voice. The EMG disconnection is suggested to be used to reduce the excessive stimulus time in electric pulp testing.
  • Keywords: Tooth; Pulp test; Electric pulp tester; Pulp vitality; Pain response; EMG (electromyograph); Stimulation time
Figure 1
Conventional pulp vitality testing using electric pulp tester.
jkacd-29-226-g001.jpg
Figure 2
Electrode position to measure the digastric muscle EMG.
jkacd-29-226-g002.jpg
Figure 3
Flexible band sensor for measuring the finger span.
jkacd-29-226-g003.jpg
Figure 4
Measurement of pain responses during electric pulp testing.
jkacd-29-226-g004.jpg
Figure 5
Record of electric pulp testing level, EMG, finger span, and voice during electric pulp testing (① : time of electric pulp testing, ②, ③, ④ time delay between showing EMG, finger span, and voice response and stimulation stop, respectively).
jkacd-29-226-g005.jpg
Figure 6
Time delay between the examiner and examinee (central incisor, EMG1)
jkacd-29-226-g006.jpg
Figure 7
Time delay between the examiner and examinee (premolar, EMG1)
jkacd-29-226-g007.jpg
Figure 8
Time delay between the examiner and examinee (central incisor, EMG2)
jkacd-29-226-g008.jpg
Figure 9
Time delay between the examiner and examinee (premolar, EMG2)
jkacd-29-226-g009.jpg
Table 1
Time delay between EMG, finger span, and voice response and stimulation disconnection, respectively (EMG 1)
jkacd-29-226-i001.jpg
Table 2
Time delay between showing EMG, finger span, and voice response and stimulation stop, respectively (EMG 2)
jkacd-29-226-i002.jpg
Table 3
Maximum power value of EMG in digastric muscle as the electrode position by electric pulp testing
jkacd-29-226-i003.jpg
  • 1. Ingle JI, Taintor JF. Endontics. 1965;3rd edition. Lea & Febiger.
  • 2. Byers MR. Dental sonsory receptor. Int Rev Neurobiol. 1984;25: 39-94.PubMed
  • 3. Närhi MV. The characteristics of intradental sensory units and their responses to stimulation. J Dent Res. 1985;64 Spec No: 564-571.PubMed
  • 4. Brannstrom M, Johnson G, Nordenvall KJ. Transmission and control of dental pain: resin impregnation for the desensitization of dentin. J Am Dent Assoc. 1979;99(4):612-618.PubMed
  • 5. Hirvonen TJ, Narhi MVO, Hakumaku MOK. The excitability of dog pulp nerves in relation to the condition of dentine surface. J Endod. 1984;10(7):294-298.ArticlePubMed
  • 6. Narhi MVO, Hirvonen TJ, Hakumaki MOK. Activation of intradental nerves in the dog to some stimuli applied to the dentine. Arch Oral Biol. 1982;27(12):1053-1058.ArticlePubMed
  • 7. Narhi MVO, Hirvonen TJ, Hakumaki MOK. Responses of intradental nerve fibres to stimulation of dentine and pulp. Acta Physiol Scand. 1982;115(2):173-178.ArticlePubMed
  • 8. Azerad J, Woda A, Fessard DA. Physiological properties of neurons in different parts of cat trigeminal sensory complex. Brain Res. 1982;246(1):7-21.PubMed
  • 9. Mahan PE. Jaw depression elicited by tooth pulp stimulation. Exp Neurol. 1970;29(3):439-448.ArticlePubMed
  • 10. Mason P, Strassman A, Maciewicz R. Is the Jaw-Opening Refelx a valid model of pain? Brain Res. 1985;357: 137-146.PubMed
  • 11. Koole P, Jongh HJD, Boering G. A comparative study of electromyograms of the masseter, temporalis, and anterior digastric muscles obtained by surface and intramuscular electrodes: raw-EMG. Cranio. 1991;9(3):228-240.ArticlePubMed
  • 12. Matthews B, Baxter J, Watts S. Sensory and reflex responses to tooth pulp stimulation in man. Brain Res. 1976;113(1):83-94.ArticlePubMed
  • 13. Han YC, Lee JS, Lee JH. Extracellular recording in trigeminal subnucleus caudalis of the anesthetized cat produced by electrical pulp stimulation. Korean J Oral Biol. 1985;9(1):21-29.
  • 14. Yu MG, Park SJ. Changes in autonomic responses and jaw muscle activity induced by tooth pulp stimulation in the rat. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 1999;24(1):657-665.
  • 15. Ahlquist ML, Edwall LGA, Franzen OG, Haegerstam GAT. Perception of pulpal pain as a fuction of intradental nerve activity. Pain. 1984;19(4):353-366.ArticlePubMed

Tables & Figures

Figure 1
Conventional pulp vitality testing using electric pulp tester.
jkacd-29-226-g001.jpg
Figure 2
Electrode position to measure the digastric muscle EMG.
jkacd-29-226-g002.jpg
Figure 3
Flexible band sensor for measuring the finger span.
jkacd-29-226-g003.jpg
Figure 4
Measurement of pain responses during electric pulp testing.
jkacd-29-226-g004.jpg
Figure 5
Record of electric pulp testing level, EMG, finger span, and voice during electric pulp testing (① : time of electric pulp testing, ②, ③, ④ time delay between showing EMG, finger span, and voice response and stimulation stop, respectively).
jkacd-29-226-g005.jpg
Figure 6
Time delay between the examiner and examinee (central incisor, EMG1)
jkacd-29-226-g006.jpg
Figure 7
Time delay between the examiner and examinee (premolar, EMG1)
jkacd-29-226-g007.jpg
Figure 8
Time delay between the examiner and examinee (central incisor, EMG2)
jkacd-29-226-g008.jpg
Figure 9
Time delay between the examiner and examinee (premolar, EMG2)
jkacd-29-226-g009.jpg
Table 1
Time delay between EMG, finger span, and voice response and stimulation disconnection, respectively (EMG 1)
jkacd-29-226-i001.jpg
Table 2
Time delay between showing EMG, finger span, and voice response and stimulation stop, respectively (EMG 2)
jkacd-29-226-i002.jpg
Table 3
Maximum power value of EMG in digastric muscle as the electrode position by electric pulp testing
jkacd-29-226-i003.jpg

REFERENCES

  • 1. Ingle JI, Taintor JF. Endontics. 1965;3rd edition. Lea & Febiger.
  • 2. Byers MR. Dental sonsory receptor. Int Rev Neurobiol. 1984;25: 39-94.PubMed
  • 3. Närhi MV. The characteristics of intradental sensory units and their responses to stimulation. J Dent Res. 1985;64 Spec No: 564-571.PubMed
  • 4. Brannstrom M, Johnson G, Nordenvall KJ. Transmission and control of dental pain: resin impregnation for the desensitization of dentin. J Am Dent Assoc. 1979;99(4):612-618.PubMed
  • 5. Hirvonen TJ, Narhi MVO, Hakumaku MOK. The excitability of dog pulp nerves in relation to the condition of dentine surface. J Endod. 1984;10(7):294-298.ArticlePubMed
  • 6. Narhi MVO, Hirvonen TJ, Hakumaki MOK. Activation of intradental nerves in the dog to some stimuli applied to the dentine. Arch Oral Biol. 1982;27(12):1053-1058.ArticlePubMed
  • 7. Narhi MVO, Hirvonen TJ, Hakumaki MOK. Responses of intradental nerve fibres to stimulation of dentine and pulp. Acta Physiol Scand. 1982;115(2):173-178.ArticlePubMed
  • 8. Azerad J, Woda A, Fessard DA. Physiological properties of neurons in different parts of cat trigeminal sensory complex. Brain Res. 1982;246(1):7-21.PubMed
  • 9. Mahan PE. Jaw depression elicited by tooth pulp stimulation. Exp Neurol. 1970;29(3):439-448.ArticlePubMed
  • 10. Mason P, Strassman A, Maciewicz R. Is the Jaw-Opening Refelx a valid model of pain? Brain Res. 1985;357: 137-146.PubMed
  • 11. Koole P, Jongh HJD, Boering G. A comparative study of electromyograms of the masseter, temporalis, and anterior digastric muscles obtained by surface and intramuscular electrodes: raw-EMG. Cranio. 1991;9(3):228-240.ArticlePubMed
  • 12. Matthews B, Baxter J, Watts S. Sensory and reflex responses to tooth pulp stimulation in man. Brain Res. 1976;113(1):83-94.ArticlePubMed
  • 13. Han YC, Lee JS, Lee JH. Extracellular recording in trigeminal subnucleus caudalis of the anesthetized cat produced by electrical pulp stimulation. Korean J Oral Biol. 1985;9(1):21-29.
  • 14. Yu MG, Park SJ. Changes in autonomic responses and jaw muscle activity induced by tooth pulp stimulation in the rat. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 1999;24(1):657-665.
  • 15. Ahlquist ML, Edwall LGA, Franzen OG, Haegerstam GAT. Perception of pulpal pain as a fuction of intradental nerve activity. Pain. 1984;19(4):353-366.ArticlePubMed

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Evaluation of the change of lower lip sensation after inferior alveolar nerve block by using the electric pulp tester
    Myong-Suk Ku, Jin Wook Kim, Young Hoon Jeon, Tae Geon Kwon, Sang Han Lee
    Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.2011; 37(6): 464.     CrossRef
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    Measurement of the excessive stimulus time after the sensory threshold level during electric pulp testing
    J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2004;29(3):226-232.   Published online May 31, 2004
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.3.226
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Measurement of the excessive stimulus time after the sensory threshold level during electric pulp testing
Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image
Figure 1 Conventional pulp vitality testing using electric pulp tester.
Figure 2 Electrode position to measure the digastric muscle EMG.
Figure 3 Flexible band sensor for measuring the finger span.
Figure 4 Measurement of pain responses during electric pulp testing.
Figure 5 Record of electric pulp testing level, EMG, finger span, and voice during electric pulp testing (① : time of electric pulp testing, ②, ③, ④ time delay between showing EMG, finger span, and voice response and stimulation stop, respectively).
Figure 6 Time delay between the examiner and examinee (central incisor, EMG1)
Figure 7 Time delay between the examiner and examinee (premolar, EMG1)
Figure 8 Time delay between the examiner and examinee (central incisor, EMG2)
Figure 9 Time delay between the examiner and examinee (premolar, EMG2)

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Measurement of the excessive stimulus time after the sensory threshold level during electric pulp testing

Time delay between EMG, finger span, and voice response and stimulation disconnection, respectively (EMG 1)

Time delay between showing EMG, finger span, and voice response and stimulation stop, respectively (EMG 2)

Maximum power value of EMG in digastric muscle as the electrode position by electric pulp testing
Table 1 Time delay between EMG, finger span, and voice response and stimulation disconnection, respectively (EMG 1)

Table 2 Time delay between showing EMG, finger span, and voice response and stimulation stop, respectively (EMG 2)

Table 3 Maximum power value of EMG in digastric muscle as the electrode position by electric pulp testing

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

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